Biblio Index

1. Aaltonen, J., and P. Bjorses. 1999. Cloning of the APECED gene provides new insight into human autoimmunity. Ann Med. 31:111-6.

2. Abadi, J., S. Nachman, A. B. Kressel, and L. Pirofski. 1999. Cryptococcosis in children with AIDS. Clin Infect Dis. 28:309-313.

3. Abe, F., H. Shibuya, M. Tateyama, Y. Ommura, N. Azumi, and K. Kimura. 1986. Mucormycosis in diabetic ketoacidosis: Role of unbound iron binding capacity of transferrin. Acta Pathol. Jpn. 36:1307-1312.

4. Abi-Said, D., E. Anaissie, O. Uzun, I. Raad, H. Pinzcowski, and S. Vartivarian. 1997. The epidemiology of hematogenous candidiasis caused by different Candida species. Clin. Infect. Dis. 24:1122-1128.

5. Abramowitz, J., J. E. J. Fowler, K. Talluri, M. Stobnick, P. McCarthy, and V. Ray. 1986. Percutaneous identification and removal of fungus ball from renal pelvis. J. Urol.:1232-1233.

6. Abrucio Neto, L., M. D. Takahashi, A. Salebian, and L. C. Cuce. 1993. African histoplasmosis. Report of the first case in Brazil and treatment with itraconazole. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 35:295-9.

7. Adam, B. A., T. S. Soo-Hoo, and K. C. Chong. 1977. Black piedra in West Malaysia. Aust J Derm. 18:45-47.

8. Adam, R. D., G. Hunger, J. DiTomasso, and G. Comerci, Jr. 1994. Mucormycosis: Emerging prominence of cutaneous infections. Clin. Infect. Dis. 19:67-76.

9. Adam, R. D., M. L. Paquin, E. A. Petersen, M. A. Saubolle, M. G. Rinaldi, J. G. Corcoran, J. N. Galgiani, and R. E. Sobonya. 1986. Phaeohyphomycosis caused by the fungal genera Bipolaris and Exserohilum. A report of 9 cases and review of the literature. Medicine. 65:203-17.

10. Adamson, P. C., M. G. Rinaldi, P. A. Pizzo, and T. J. Walsh. 1989. Amphotericin B in treatment of Candida cholecystitis. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 8:408-411.

11. Adekeye, E. O., M. B. Edwards, and H. K. Williams. 1988. Mandibular African histoplasmosis: imitation of neoplasia or giant-cell granuloma? Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 65:81-4.

12. Aderka, A., Y. Sidi, D. Garfinkel, A. Rothem, A. Weinberger, and J. Pinkhas. 1983. Roentgenologically invisible mucormycosis pneumonia. Respiration. 44:158-160.

13. Adler-Moore, J. P., and R. T. Proffitt. 1998. AmBisome: Long circulating liposomal formulation of amphotericin B, p. 185-206. In M. C. Woodle and G. Storm (ed.), Long circulating liposomes: Old drugs, new therapeutics. Springer-Verlag, New York.

14. Adler-Moore, J. P., and R. T. Proffitt. 1993. Development, characterization, efficacy and mode of action of AmBisome, a unilamellar liposomal formulation of amphotericin B. Journal of Liposome Research. 3:429-50.

15. Adler, J. Randall, and S. A. Plotkin. 1972. Candidal osteomyelitis and arthritis in a neonate. Am. J. Dis. Child. 123:595-596.

16. Adler, A., I. Yaniv, E. Solter, E. Freud, Z. Samra, J. Stein, S. Fisher, and I. Levy. 2006. Catheter-associated bloodstream infections in pediatric hematology-oncology patients: factors associated with catheter removal and recurrence. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 28:23-8.

17. Agarwal, A., and S. M. Singh. 1995. A case of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exserohilum rostratum, its in vitro sensitivity and review of literature. Mycopathologia. 131:9-12.

18. Agarwal, G. P., and S. M. Singh. 1980. Microascus cinereus infection of human nail. Indian J Med Sci. 34:263-5.

19. Agger, W. A., and D. G. Maki. 1978. Mucormycosis: a complication of critical care. Arch. Intern. Med. 138:925-927.

20. Agresti, M. G., F. de Bernardis, F. Mondello, R. Bellocco, G. P. Carosi, R. M. Caputo, F. Milazzo, F. Chiodo, V. Giannini, L. Minoli, and et al. 1994. Clinical and mycological evaluation of fluconazole in the secondary prophylaxis of esophageal candidiasis in AIDS patients. An open, multicenter study. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 10:17-22.

21. Aguado, J. M., M. Hidalgo, and J. L. Ridriguez-Tudela. 1994. Successful treatment of Candida peritonitis with fluconazole. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 34:847.

22. Aguilar, C., I. Pujol, and J. Guarro. 1999. In vitro antifungal susceptibilities of Scopulariopsis isolates. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43:1520-1522.

23. Aguilar, C., I. Pujol, J. Sala, and J. Guarro. 1998. Antifungal susceptibilities of Paecilomyces species. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42:1601-1604.

24. Aguilar, G. L., M. S. Blumenkrantz, P. R. Egbert, and J. P. McCulley. 1979. Candida endophthalmitis after intravenous drug abuse. Arch. Ophthalmol. 97:96-100.

25. Agustin, J., S. Lacson, J. Raffalli, M. E. Aguero-Rosenfeld, and G. P. Wormser. 1999. Failure of a lipid amphotericin B preparation to eradicate candiduria: preliminary findings based on three cases. Clin Infect Dis. 29:686-7.

26. Ahearn, D. G., and McGlohn. 1984. In vitro susceptibilities of sucrose-negative Candida tropicalis, Candida lusitaniae and candida norvegensis to Amphotericin B, 5-fluorocytosine, miconazole and ketoconazole. J. Clin. Microbiol. 19:412-416.

27. Ahonen, P. 1985. Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy–candidosis–ectodermal dystrophy (APECED): autosomal recessive inheritance. Clin Genet. 27:535-42.

28. Ahonen, P., S. Myllarniemi, I. Sipila, and J. Perheentupa. 1990. Clinical variation of autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) in a series of 68 patients. N Engl J Med. 322:1829-36.

29. Aisner, J., S. C. Schimpff, J. C. Sutherland, V. M. Young, and P. H. Wiernik. 1976. Torulopsis glabrata infections in patients with cancer: Increasing incidence and relationship to colonization. Am. J. Med. 61:23-28.

30. Aiuti, F., L. Businco, and R. A. Gatti. 1975. Reconstitution of T-cell disorders following thymus transplantation. Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser. 11:370-6.

31. Ajello, L., and W. Kaplan. 1969. A new variant of Sporothrix schenckii. Mykosen. 12:633-644.

32. Ajello, L., A. A. Padhye, F. W. Chandler, M. R. McGinnis, L. Morganti, and F. Alberici. 1985. Fusarium moniliforme, a new mycetoma agent. Restudy of a European case. Eur J Epidemiol. 1:5-10.

33. Akhunova, A. M., and V. I. Shustova. 1989. Paecilomycosis. Probl Tuberk:38-42.

34. Akiyama, H., S. Mori, S. Tanikawa, H. Sakamaki, and Y. Onozawa. 1993. Fluconazole versus oral amphotericin B in preventing fungal infection in chemotherapy-induced neutropenic patients with haematological malignancies. Mycoses. 36:373-8.

35. Akler, M. E., H. Vellend, D. M. McNeely, S. L. Walmsley, and W. L. Gold. 1995. Use of fluconazole in the treatment of candidal endophthalmits. Clin. Infect. Dis. 20:657-664.

36. Akpuaka, F. C., H. C. Gugnani, and L. M. Iregbulam. 1998. African histoplasmosis: report of two patients treated with amphotericin B and ketoconazole. Mycoses. 41:363-364.

37. Al-Assiri, A., S. Al-Jastaneiah, A. Al-Khalaf, H. Al-Fraikh, and M. D. Wagoner. 2006. Late-onset donor-to-host transmission of Candida glabrata following corneal transplantation. Cornea. 25:123-125.

38. Al-Mohsen, I. Z., D. A. Sutton, L. Sigler, E. Almodovar, N. Mahgoub, H. Frayha, S. Al-Hajjar, M. G. Rinaldi, and T. J. Walsh. 2000. Acrophialophora fusispora brain abscess in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Review of cases and taxonomy. J Clin Microbiol. 38:4569-4576.

39. Al-Tawfiq, J. A., and K. K. Wools. 1998. Disseminated sporotrichosis and Sporothrix schenckii fungemia as the initial presentation of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clin Infect Dis. 26:1403-1406.

40. Alarco, A. M., and M. Raymond. 1999. The bZip transcription factor Cap1p is involved in multidrug resistance and oxidative stress response in Candida albicans. J Bacteriol. 181:700-708.

41. Alballaa, S., E. A. Bryce, F. J. Roberts, and A. Sekhon. 1991. Fatal trichosporonosis is not related to tolerance to amphotericin B. Mycoses. 34:317-8.

42. Albertson, G. D., M. Niimi, R. D. Cannon, and H. F. Jenkinson. 1996. Multiple efflux mechanisms are involved in Candida albicans fluconazole resistance. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 40:2835-2841.

43. Albisetti, M., R. P. Lauener, T. Gungor, G. Schar, F. K. Niggli, and D. Nadal. 2004. Disseminated Fusarium oxysporum infection in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Infection. 32:364-6.

44. Alden, S. M., E. Frank, and L. Flancbaum. 1989. Abdominal candidiasis in surgical patients. Amer. Surg. 55:45-9.

45. Aldridge, M. C. 1989. The surgical management of acute pancreatitis and its complications. Br J Hosp Med. 41:286-93.

46. Alkalay, A. L., I. Srugo, C. Blifeld, M. S. Komaiko, and J. J. Pomerance. 1991. Noninvasive medical management of fungus ball uropathy in a premature infant. Am J Perinatol. 8:330-2.

47. Aller, A. I., E. Martin-Mazuelos, F. Lozano, J. Gomez-Mateos, L. Steele-Moore, W. J. Holloway, M. J. Gutierrez, F. J. Recio, and A. Espinel-Ingroff. 2000. Correlation of fluconazole MICs with clinical outcome in cryptococcal infection. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:1544-1548.

48. Alliot, C., B. Desablens, R. Garidi, and S. Tabuteau. 2000. Opportunistic infection with Rhodotorula in cancer patients treated by chemotherapy: Two case reports. Clin Oncol-Uk. 12:115-117.

49. Allison, N., R. K. McDonald, S. R. Guist, and J. Bentinck-Smith. 1989. Eumycotic mycetoma caused by Pseudallescheria boydii in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 194:797-9.

50. Almeida Santos, L., J. Beceiro, R. Hernandez, S. Salas, R. Escriba, E. Garcia Frias, J. Perez Rodriguez, and J. Quero. 1991. Congenital cutaneous candidiasis: report of four cases and review of the literature. Eur J Pediatr. 150:336-8.

51. Almekinders, L. C., and W. B. Greene. 1991. Vertebral Candida infections. A case report and review of the literature. Clin. Orthop. Related Res. 267:174-178.

52. Aloia, T., J. Solomkin, A. S. Fink, M. S. Nussbaum, S. Bjornson, R. H. Bell, L. Sewak, and D. W. McFadden. 1994. Candida in pancreatic infection: a clinical experience. Amer. Surg. 60:793-6.

53. Alonso-Villaverde, C., S. Hernandez-Flix, R. Tomas, and L. Masana. 1992. [Occurrence of pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum in a patient with AIDS and pulmonary infection caused by Pneumocystis carinii and Cryptococcus neoformans]. Rev Clin Esp. 191:397-8.

54. Aly, R. 1999. Ecology, epidemiology and diagnosis of tinea capitis. Pediat Inf Dis J. 18:180-185.

55. Aly, R., and T. Berger. 1996. Common superficial fungal infections in patients with AIDS. Clin Infect Dis. 22 Suppl 2:S128-32.

56. Aly, R., R. J. Hay, A. Del Palacio, and R. Galimberti. 2000. Epidemiology of tinea capitis. Med Mycol. 38:183-188.

57. Aman, S., T. S. Haroon, I. Hussain, M. A. Bokhari, and K. Khurshid. 2001. Tinea unguium in Lahore, Pakistan. Med Mycol. 39:177-180.

58. Amantea, M. A., R. A. Bowden, A. Forrest, P. K. Working, M. S. Newman, and R. D. Mamelok. 1995. Population pharmacokinetics and renal function-sparing effects of amphotericin B colloidal dispersion in patients receiving bone marrow transplants. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39:2042-2047.

59. Ammann, H. A. 1999. Microbial volatile organic compounds, p. 26-1 to 26-17. In J. Macher, H. A. Ammann, H. A. Burge, D. K. Milton, and P. R. Morey (ed.), Bioaerosols: Assessment and Control. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (www.acgih.org), Cincinnati, OH.

60. Ampel, N. M., K. J. Ryan, P. J. Carry, M. A. Wieden, and R. B. Schifman. 1986. Fungemia due to Coccidioides immitis. Medicine. 65:312-321.

61. Anaissie, E., G. P. Bodey, H. Kantarjian, C. David, K. Barnett, E. Bow, R. Defelice, N. Downs, T. File, G. Karam, D. Potts, M. Shelton, and A. Sugar. 1991. Fluconazole therapy for chronic disseminated candidiasis in patients with leukemia and prior amphotericin B therapy. Am. J. Med. 91:142-150.

62. Anaissie, E., G. P. Bodey, H. Kantarjian, J. Ro, S. E. Vartivarian, R. Hopfer, J. Hoy, and K. Rolston. 1989. New spectrum of fungal infections in patients with cancer. Rev Infect Dis. 11:369-378.

63. Anaissie, E., H. Kantarjian, J. Ro, R. Hopfer, K. Rolston, V. Fainstein, and G. Bodey. 1988. The emerging role of Fusarium infections in patients with cancer. Medicine (Baltimore). 67:77-83.

64. Anaissie, E., R. Kuchar, J. H. Rex, R. Summerbell, and T. Walsh. 1997. The hospital water system as a reservoir for Fusarium. 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Abstract No. J-94.

65. Anaissie, E., V. Paetznick, R. Proffitt, M. J. Adler, and G. P. Bodey. 1991. Comparison of the in vitro antifungal activity of free and liposome-encapsulated amphotericin B. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 10:665-668.

66. Anaissie, E. J., G. P. Bodey, and M. G. Rinaldi. 1989. Emerging fungal pathogens. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 8:323-330.

67. Anaissie, E. J., R. Hachem, N. C. Karyotakis, A. Gokaslan, M. C. Dignani, L. C. Stephens, and U. C. Tin. 1994. Comparative efficacies of amphotericin B, triazoles, and combination of both as experimental therapy for murine trichosporonosis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38:2541-4.

68. Anaissie, E. J., D. P. Kontonyiannis, C. Huls, S. E. Vartivarian, C. Karl, R. A. Prince, J. Bosso, and G. P. Bodey. 1995. Safety, plasma concentrations, and efficacy of high-dose fluconazole in invasive mold infections. J. Infect. Dis. 172:599-602.

69. Anaissie, E. J., R. T. Kuchar, J. H. Rex, A. Francesconi, M. Kasai, F. M. C. Muller, M. Lozano-Chiu, R. C. Summerbell, M. C. Dignani, S. J. Chanock, and T. J. Walsh. 2001. Fusariosis associated with pathogenic Fusarium species colonization of a hospital water system: A new paradigm for the epidemiology of opportunistic mold infections. Clin Infect Dis. 33:1871-1878.

70. Anaissie, E. J., G. N. Mattiuzzi, C. B. Miller, G. A. Noskin, M. J. Gurwith, R. D. Mamelok, and L. A. Pietrelli. 1998. Treatment of invasive fungal infections in renally impaired patients with amphotericin B colloidal dispersion. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42:606-611.

71. Anaissie, E. J., J. H. Rex, ?. Uzun, and S. Vartivarian. 1998. Predictors of adverse outcome in cancer patients with candidemia. Am. J. Med. 104:238-245.

72. Anaissie, E. J., M. White, O. Uzun, C. Singer, G. P. Bodey, M. D, N. Azarnia, and G. Lopez-Berenstein. 1995. Amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) versus amphotericin B (AMB) for treatment of hematogenous and invasive candidiasis: A prospective, randomized, multicenter trial. 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Abstract No. LM21.

73. Anandi, V., J. A. George, R. Thomas, K. N. Brahmadathan, and T. J. John. 1991. Phaeohyphomycosis of the eye caused by Exserohilum rostratum in India. Mycoses. 34:489-91.

74. Anandi, V., N. B. Suryawanshi, G. Koshi, A. A. Padhye, and L. Ajello. 1988. Corneal ulcer caused by Bipolaris hawaiiensis. J. Med. Vet. Mycol. 26:301-6.

75. Andes, D., and M. van Ogtrop. 2000. In vivo characterization of the pharmacodynamics of flucytosine in a neutropenic murine disseminated candidiasis model. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:938-942.

76. Andreula, C. F., N. Burdi, and A. Carella. 1993. CNS cryptococcosis in AIDS: spectrum of MR findings. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 17:438-41.

77. Ang, B. S. P., A. Telenti, B. King, J. M. Steckelberg, and W. R. Wilson. 1993. Candidemia from a urinary tract source: Microbiological aspects and clinical significance. Clin. Infect. Dis. 17:662-666.

78. Angel-Moreno, A., A. Frances, J. M. Granado, and J. L. Perez-Arellano. 2000. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection by Candida glabrata in an adult. J Infection. 41:178-179.

79. Anonymous. 1997. 1997 USPHS/IDSA guidelines for the prevention of opportunistic infections in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Ann. Intern. Med. 127:922-46.

80. Anonymous. 1999. 1999 USPHS/IDSA guidelines for the prevention of opportunistic infections in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) and Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 48:1-59, 61-6.

81. Anonymous. 1994. Acute pulmonary hemorrhage/hemosiderosis among infants–Cleveland, January 1993-November 1994. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 43:881-3.

82. Anonymous. 2002. Adverse human health effects associated with molds in the indoor environment. American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (www.acoem.org), Arlington Heights,IL.

83. Anonymous. December 1991. Building Air Quality: A Guide for Building Owners and Facility Managers. United States Environmental Protection Agency (www.epa.gov/iaq), Washington, DC.

84. Anonymous. 1986. Candidiasis hypersensitivity syndrome. Executive Committee of the American Academy of Allergy and Immunology. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 78:271-3.

85. Anonymous. 2000. Cicloprox (Penlac) nail lacquer for onychomycosis. The Medical Letter. 42:51.

86. Anonymous. 2000. Coccidioidomycosis in travelers returning from Mexico–Pennsylvania, 2000 [In Process Citation]. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 49:1004-6.

87. Anonymous. 1999. Data Interpretation, p. 7-1 to 7-9. In J. Macher, H. A. Ammann, H. A. Burge, D. K. Milton, and P. R. Morey (ed.), Bioaerosols: Assessment and Control. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (www.acgih.org), Cincinnati, OH.

88. Anonymous. 2001. Drugs for vulvovaginal candidiasis. The Medical Letter. 43:3-4.

89. Anonymous. 1996. Guidelines of care for superficial mycotic infections of the skin: Mucocutaneous candidiasis. J. Amer. Acad. Dermatol. 34:110-5.

90. Anonymous. November 2000. Guidelines on Assessment and Remediation of Fungi in Indoor Environments. New York City Department of Health, Bureau of Environmental & Occupational Disease Epidemiology (www.ci.nyc.ny.us/html/doh/html/epi/moldrpt1.html), New York City, NY.

91. Anonymous. 1996. HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report:U.S. HIV and AIDS cases reported through

December 1996. U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 8:17-18.

92. Anonymous. April 1998. Indoor Air Pollution: An Introduction for Health Professionals. United States Environmental Protection Agency (www.epa.gov), Washington, DC.

93. Anonymous. March 1998. Indoor Air Quality Info Sheet. Indoor Air Quality Section, Calirfornia Department of Health Services (http://www.cal-iaq.org/mold9803.htm), Berkeley, CA.

94. Anonymous. April 1995. The inside story: A guide to indoor air quality. EPA 402-K-93-007. United States Environmental Protection Agency (www.epa.gov/iaq), Washington, DC.

95. Anonymous. March 2001. Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Buildings, EPA 402-K-01-001. United States Environmental Protection Agency (www.epa.gov/iaq), Washington, DC.

96. Anonymous. March 2000. Questions and Answers on Stachybotrys chartarum and other molds. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/asthma/factsheets/molds/default.htm), Atlanta, GA.

97. Anonymous. 1999. Report of the CDC Working Group on Pulmonary Hemorrhage/Hemosiderosis. Published online at http://www.cdc.gov/od/ads/pulhem_inf.htm.

98. Anonymous. October 1997. Should you have the air ducts in your home cleaned? EPA 402-K-97-002. United States Environmental Protection Agency (www.epa.gov/iaq), Washington, DC.

99. Anonymous. 1997. Systemic Antifungal Drugs. The Medical Letter. 39:86-88.

100. Anonymous. 1998. Toxic effects of indoor molds. American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Environmental Health. Pediatrics. 101:712-4.

101. Anonymous. 1997. Update: pulmonary hemorrhage/hemosiderosis among infants–Cleveland, Ohio, 1993-1996. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 46:33-5.

102. Anonymous. 2000. Update: pulmonary hemorrhage/hemosiderosis among infants–Cleveland, Ohio, 1993-1996. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 49:180-4.

103. Anonymous. 1995. USPHS/IDSA guidelines for the prevention of opportunistic infections in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus: disease-specific recommendations. USPHS/IDSA Prevention of Opportunistic Infections Working Group. Clin Infect Dis. 21 Suppl 1:S32-43.

104. Anstead, G. M., D. A. Sutton, E. H. Thompson, I. Weitzman, R. A. Otto, and S. K. Ahuja. 1999. Disseminated zygomycosis due to Rhizopus schipperae after heatstroke. J Clin Microbiol. 37:2656-2662.

105. Antinori, S., A. L. Ridolfo, E. Gianelli, M. Piazza, C. Gervasoni, and A. D. Monforte. 2000. The role of lumbar puncture in the management of elevated intracranial pressure in patients with AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. Clin Infect Dis. 31:1309-1310.

106. Anttila, V.-J., E. Elonen, S. Nordling, A. Sivonen, T. Ruutu, and P. Ruutu. 1997. Hepatosplenic candidiasis in patients with acute leukemia: Incidence and prognostic implications. Clin. Infect. Dis. 24:375-380.

107. Anttila, V. J., M. Farkkila, S. E. Jansson, M. Taavitsainen, S. S. Kaukoranta-Tolvanen, S. Nordling, P. Koukila-Kahkola, T. Ruutu, and P. Ruutu. 1997. Diagnostic laparoscopy in patients with acute leukemia and suspected hepatic candidiasis. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 16:637-43.

108. Anttila, V. J., A. E. Lamminen, S. Bondestam, O. Korhola, M. Farkkila, A. Sivonen, T. Ruutu, and P. Ruutu. 1996. Magnetic resonance imaging is superior to computed tomography and ultrasonography in imaging infectious liver foci in acute leukaemia. Eur J Haematol. 56:82-7.

109. Apter, A., A. Bracker, M. Hodgson, J. Sidman, and W. Y. Leung. 1994. Epidemiology of the sick building syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 94:277-88.

110. Aquino, V. M., J. M. Norvell, K. Krisher, and M. M. Mustafa. 1995. Fatal disseminated infection due to Exserohilum rostratum in a patient with aplastic anemia: case report and review. Clin Infect Dis. 20:176-8.

111. Arathoon, E. G., E. Gotuzzo, L. M. Noriega, R. S. Berman, M. J. DiNubile, and C. A. Sable. 2002. Randomized, double-blind, multicenter study of caspofungin versus amphotericin B for treatment of oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46:451-457.

112. Arbegast, K. D., L. F. Lamberty, J. K. Koh, J. M. Pergram, and S. W. Braddock. 1990. Congenital candidiasis limited to the nail plates. Pediatr Dermatol. 7:310-2.

113. Archer-Dubon, C., R. Orozco-Topete, J. Leyva-Santiago, R. Arenas, J. Carbajosa, and A. Ysunza. 2003. Superficial mycotic infections of the foot in a native pediatric population: a pathogenic role for Trichosporon cutaneum? Pediatr Dermatol. 20:299-302.

114. Arenas, R., J. Dominguez-Cherit, and L. M. Fernandez. 1995. Open randomized comparison of itraconazole versus terbinafine in onychomycosis. Int. J. Dermatol. 34:138-43.

115. Arfania, D., E. D. Everett, K. D. Nolph, and J. Rubin. 1981. Uncommon causes of peritonitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Arch. Intern. Med. 141:61-64.

116. Argyle, C., G. B. Schumann, L. Genack, and M. Gregory. 1984. Identification of fungal casts in a patient with renal candidiasis. Hum Pathol. 15:480-1.

117. Arif, S., T. Barkham, E. G. Power, and S. A. Howell. 1996. Techniques for investigation of an apparent outbreak of infections with Candida glabrata. J Clin Microbiol. 34:2205-9.

118. Arikan, S., M. Lozano-Chiu, V. Paetznick, D. Gordon, T. Wallace, and J. H. Rex. 1998. In vitro activity of liposomal nystatin compared with amphotericin B and fluconazole against clinical Candida isolates. 98th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, Abstract No.

119. Arikan, S., M. Lozano-Chiu, V. Paetznick, S. Nangia, and J. H. Rex. 1999. Microdilution susceptibility testing of amphotericin B, itraconazole, and voriconazole against clinical isolates of Aspergillus and Fusarium species. J Clin Microbiol. 37:3946-3951.

120. Arikan, S., M. Lozano-Chiu, V. Paetznick, and J. H. Rex. 2001. In vitro susceptibility testing methods for caspofungin against Aspergillus and Fusarium isolates. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45:327-330.

121. Arikan, S., M. Lozano-Chiu, V. Paetznick, and J. H. Rex. 2000. In vitro synergy studies with caspofungin and amphotericin B against Aspergillus and Fusarium. 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Abstract No. J-932.

122. Arikan, S., and J. H. Rex. 2000. New agents for treatment of systemic fungal infections. Emerging Drugs. 5:135-160.

123. Arikan, S., and J. H. Rex. 2000. NS-718. Current Opinion in Anti-infective Investigational Drugs Journal. 2:413-415.

124. Arikan, S., O. Uzun, Y. Cetinkaya, S. Kocagoz, M. Akova, and S. Unal. 1998. Primary cutaneous aspergillosis in human immunodeficiency virus- infected patients: Two cases and review. Clin Infect Dis. 27:641-643.

125. Arilla, M. C., J. L. Carbonero, J. Schneider, P. Regulez, G. Quindos, J. Ponton, and R. Cisterna. 1992. Vulvovaginal candidiasis refractory to treatment with fluconazole. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 44:77-80.

126. Armengou, A., C. Porcar, J. Mascaro, and F. Garcia-Bragado. 1996. Possible development of resistance to fluconazole during suppressive therapy for AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 23:1337-1338.

127. Arndt, C. A., T. J. Walsh, C. L. McCully, F. M. Balis, P. A. Pizzo, and D. G. Poplack. 1988. Fluconazole penetration into cerebrospinal fluid: implications for treating fungal infections of the central nervous system. J Infect Dis. 157:178-80.

128. Arning, M., and C. Aul. 1994. [Prophylaxis against mycoses in neutropenic patients]. Mycoses. 37:70-6.

129. Arnow, P. M., and R. Kushner. 1991. Malassezia furfur catheter infection cured with antibiotic lock therapy. Am J Med. 90:128-30.

130. Arranz-Caso, J. A., V. M. Lopez-Pizarro, P. Gomez-Herruz, J. Garcia-Altozano, and J. Martinez-Martinez. 1996. Candida albicans osteomyelitis of the zygomatic bone. A distinctive case with a possible peculiar mechanism of infection and therapeutic failure with fluconazole. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 24:161-164.

131. Arrese, J. E., C. Pierard-Franchimont, and G. E. Pierard. 1997. Unusual mould infection in the human stratum corneum. J Med Vet Mycol. 35:225-227.

132. Arthington-Skaggs, B. A., H. Jradi, T. Desai, and C. J. Morrison. 1999. Quantitation of ergosterol content: Novel method for determination of fluconazole susceptibility of Candida albicans. J Clin Microbiol. 37:3332-3337.

133. Arthur, S., L. L. Steed, D. J. Apple, Q. Peng, G. Howard, and M. Escobar-Gomez. 2001. Scedosporium prolificans keratouveitis in association with a contact lens retained intraocularly over a long term. J Clin Microbiol. 39:4579-4582.

134. Asai, K., N. Tsuchimori, K. Okonogi, J. R. Perfect, O. Gotoh, and Y. Yoshida. 1999. Formation of azole-resistant Candida albicans by mutation of sterol 14-demethylase P450. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43:1163-1169.

135. Asbell, P., and S. Stenson. 1982. Ulcerative keratitis. Survey of 30 years’ laboratory experience. Arch Ophthalmol. 100:77-80.

136. Ascioglu, S., J. H. Rex, B. de Pauw, J. E. Bennett, J. Bille, F. Crokaert, D. W. Denning, J. P. Donnelly, J. E. Edwards, Z. Erjavec, D. Fiere, O. Lortholary, J. Maertens, J. F. Meis, T. F. Patterson, J. Ritter, D. Selleslag, P. M. Shah, D. A. Stevens, and T. J. Walsh. 2002. Defining opportunistic invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised patients with cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplants: An international consensus. Clin Infect Dis. 34:7-14.

137. Aspesberro, F., M. Beghetti, I. Oberhansli, and B. Friedli. 1999. Fungal endocarditis in critically ill children. Eur J Pediat. 158:275-280.

138. Aste, N., M. Pau, A. L. Pinna, M. D. Colombo, and P. Biggio. 1991. Clinical efficacy and tolerability of terbinafine in patients with pityriasis versicolor. Mycoses. 34:353-7.

139. Atkinson, J. B., D. H. Connor, M. Robinowitz, H. A. McAllister, and R. Virmani. 1984. Cardiac fungal infections: review of autopsy findings in 60 patients. Hum Pathol. 15:935-42.

140. Attapattu, M. C., and C. Anandakrishnan. 1986. Extensive subcutaneous hyphomycosis caused by Fusarium oxysporum. J Med Vet Mycol. 24:105-11.

141. Aucott, J. N., J. Fayen, H. Grossnicklas, A. Morrissey, M. M. Lederman, and R. A. Salata. 1990. Invasive infection with Saccharomyces cerevisiae: report of three cases and review. Rev. Infect. Dis. 12:406-411.

142. Austen, B., H. McCarthy, B. Wilkins, A. Smith, and A. Duncombe. 2001. Fatal disseminated fusarium infection in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in complete remission. J Clin Pathol. 54:488-490.

143. Averbuch, D., T. Boekhout, R. Falk, D. Engelhard, M. Shapiro, C. Block, and I. Polacheck. 2002. Fungemia in a cancer patient caused by fluconazole-resistant Cryptococcus laurentii. Med Mycol. 40:479-484.

144. Aviles, P., E. M. Aliouat, A. Martinez, E. Dei-Cas, E. Herreros, L. Dujardin, and D. Gargallo-Viola. 2000. In vitro pharmacodynamic parameters of sordarin derivatives in comparison with those of marketed compounds against Pneumocystis carinii isolated from rats. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:1284-1290.

145. Aviles, P., A. Pateman, R. S. Roman, M. J. Guillen, F. G. De las Heras, and D. Gargallo-Viola. 2001. Animal pharmacokinetics and interspecies scaling of sordarin derivatives following intravenous administration. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45:2787-2792.

146. Azimi, P. H., K. Levernier, L. M. Lefrak, A. M. Petru, T. Barrett, H. Schenck, A. S. Sandhu, G. Duritz, and M. Valesco. 1988. Malassezia furfur: a cause of occlusion of percutaneous central venous catheters in infants in the intensive care nursery. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 7:100-103.

147. Aznar, C., C. de Bievre, and C. Guiguen. 1989. Maxillary sinusitis from Microascus cinereus and Aspergillus repens. Mycopathologia. 105:93-7.

148. Azzola, A., J. R. Passweg, J. M. Habicht, L. Bubendorf, M. Tamm, A. Gratwohl, and G. Eich. 2004. Use of lung resection and voriconazole for successful treatment of invasive pulmonary Aspergillus ustus infection. J Clin Microbiol. 42:4805-4808.

149. Babb, J. R., A. J. Hall, R. Marlin, and G. A. Ayliffe. 1989. Bacteriological sampling of postmortem rooms. J Clin Pathol. 42:682-8.

150. Babel, D. E., J. M. Pelachyk, and J. P. Hurley. 1986. Tinea nigra masquerading as acral lentiginous melanoma. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 12:502-4.

151. Baciewicz, A. M., and F. A. Baciewicz. 1993. Ketoconazole and fluconazole drug interactions. Arch. Intern. Med. 153:1970-1976.

152. Baddley, J. W., S. A. Moser, D. A. Sutton, and P. G. Pappas. 2000. Microascus cinereus (anamorph Scopulariopsis) brain abscess in a bone marrow transplant recipient. J Clin Microbiol. 38:395-397.

153. Baddour, L. M. 1995. Long-term suppressive therapy for Candida parapsilosis-induced prosthetic valve endocarditis. Mayo Clin. Proc. 70:773-775.

154. Baetz-Greenwalt, B., B. Debaz, and M. L. Kumar. 1988. Bladder fungus ball: a reversible cause of neonatal obstructive uropathy. Pediatrics. 81:826-9.

155. Bahls, F., and S. M. Sumi. 1986. Cryptococcal meningitis and cerebral toxoplasmosis in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 49:328-30.

156. Bailey, E. M., D. J. Krakovsky, and M. J. Rybak. 1990. The triazole antifungal agents: A review of itraconazole and fluconazole. Pharmacotherapy. 10:146-153.

157. Bailly, M. P., A. Boibieux, F. Biron, I. Durieu, M. A. Piens, D. Peyramond, and J. L. Bertrand. 1991. Persistence of Cryptococcus neoformans in the prostate: Failure of fluconazole despite high doses (letter). J. Infect. Dis. 164:435-436.

158. Baily, G. G., C. B. Moore, S. M. Essayag, S. de Wit, J. P. Burnie, and D. W. Denning. 1997. Candida inconspicua, a fluconazole-resistant pathogen in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin. Infect. Dis. 25:161-3.

159. Baily, G. G., F. M. Perry, D. W. Denning, and B. K. Mandal. 1994. Fluconazole resistant candidosis in an HIV cohort. AIDS. 8:787-792.

160. Bakerspigel, A., D. Lowe, and A. Rostas. 1981. The isolation of Phoma eupyrena from a human lesion. Arch Dermatol. 117:362-363.

161. Baldwin, S., S. Stagno, G. T. Odrezin, D. R. Kelly, and R. J. Whitley. 1988. Isolated Cryptococcus neoformansosteomyelitis in an immunocompetent child. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 7:289-292.

162. Baley, J. E., W. L. Annable, and R. M. Kllegman. 1981. Candida endophthalmitis in the premature infant. J. Pediatr. 98:458-461.

163. Baley, J. E., R. M. Kliegman, and A. A. Fanaroff. 1984. Disseminated fungal infections in very low-birth-weight infants: therapeutic toxicity. Pediatrics. 73:153-7.

164. Baley, J. E., T. M. Kliegman, and A. A. Fanaroff. 1984. Disseminated fungal infections in very low-birth eight infants: clinical manifestations and epidemiology. Pediatrics. 72:144-152.

165. Ballow, M., and L. R. Hyman. 1977. Combination immunotherapy in chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Synergism between transfer factor and fetal thymus tissue. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 8:504-12.

166. Bammert, G. F., and J. M. Fostel. 2000. Genome-wide expression patterns in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Comparison of drug treatments and genetic alterations affecting biosynthesis of ergosterol. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:1255-1265.

167. Band, J. D., and D. G. Maki. 1979. Infections caused by arterial catheters used for hemodynamic monitoring. Am. J. Med. 67:735-741.

168. Banerjee, S. N., T. G. Emori, D. H. Culver, R. P. Gaynes, W. R. Jarvis, T. Horan, J. R. Edwards, J. Tolson, T. Henderson, W. J. Marone, and the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. 1991. Secular trends in nosocomial primary bloodstream infections in the United States, 1980-1989. Am. J. Med. 91 (Suppl. 3B):86S-89S.

169. Bannatyne, R. M., and H. M. Clarke. 1989. Ketoconazole in the treatment of osteomyelitis due to Candida albicans. Can. J. Surg. 32:201-202.

170. Barbara, J. A., A. R. Clarkson, J. LaBrooy, J. D. McNeil, and A. J. Woodroffe. 1993. Candida albicans arthritis in a renal allograft recipient with an interaction between cyclosporin and fluconazole. Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation. 8:263-6.

171. Barbaro, G., G. Barbarini, W. Calderon, B. Grisorio, P. Alcini, and G. Di Lorenzo. 1996. Fluconazole versus itraconazole for Candida esophagitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Candida esophagitis. Gastroenterology. 111:1169-1177.

172. Barbaro, G., G. Barbarini, and G. Di Lorenzo. 1995. Fluconazole compared with itraconazole in the treatment of esophageal candidiasis in AIDS patients: a double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical study. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 27:613-617.

173. Barbaro, G., G. Barbarini, and G. Di Lorenzo. 1996. Fluconazole vs itraconazole-flucytosine association in the treatment of esophageal candidiasis in AIDS patients. A double-blind, multicenter placebo-controlled study. The Candida Esophagitis Multicenter Italian Study (CEMIS) Group. Chest. 110:1507-1514.

174. Barbaro, G., G. Barbarini, and G. Di Lorenzo. 1995. Fluconazole vs. flucytosine in the treatment of esophageal candidiasis in AIDS patients: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Endoscopy. 27:377-383.

175. Barber, B. A., J. M. Crotty, R. G. Washburn, and P. S. Pegram. 1995. Cryptococcus neoformans myositis in a patient with AIDS. Clin. Infect. Dis. 21:1510-1511.

176. Barber, G. R., A. E. Brown, T. E. Kiehn, F. F. Edwards, and D. Armstrong. 1993. Catheter-related Malassezia furfur fungemia in immunocompromised patients. Am. J. Med. 95:365-370.

177. Barchiesi, F., D. Arzeni, F. Caselli, and G. Scalise. 2000. Primary resistance to flucytosine among clinical isolates of Candida spp. J Antimicrob Chemother. 45:408-409.

178. Barchiesi, F., D. Arzeni, P. Compagnucci, L. F. Di Francesco, A. Giacometti, and G. Scalise. 1998. In vitro activity of five antifungal agents against clinical isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Med Mycol. 36:437-440.

179. Barchiesi, F., D. Arzeni, A. W. Fothergill, L. F. Di Francesco, F. Caselli, M. G. Rinaldi, and G. Scalise. 2000. In vitro activities of the new antifungal triazole SCH 56592 against common and emerging yeast pathogens. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:226-229.

180. Barchiesi, F., D. Calabrese, D. Sanglard, L. F. Di Francesco, F. Caselli, D. Giannini, A. Giacometti, S. Gavaudan, and G. Scalise. 2000. Experimental induction of fluconazole resistance in Candida tropicalis ATCC 750. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:1578-1584.

181. Barchiesi, F., M. Cogliati, M. C. Esposto, E. Spreghini, A. M. Schimizzi, B. L. Wickes, G. Scalise, and M. A. Viviani. 2005. Comparative analysis of pathogenicity of Cryptococcus neoformans serotypes A, D and AD in murine cryptococcosis. J Infect. 51:10-6.

182. Barchiesi, F., A. L. Colombo, D. A. McGough, A. W. Fothergill, and M. G. Rinaldi. 1994. In vitro activity of itraconazole against fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant Candida albicans isolates from oral cavities of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38:1530-1533.

183. Barchiesi, F., L. F. Di Francesco, D. Arzeni, F. Caselli, D. Gallo, and G. Scalise. 1999. Electrophoretic karyotyping and triazole susceptibility of Candida glabrata clinical isolates. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 18:184-187.

184. Barchiesi, F., L. F. Di Francesco, and G. Scalise. 1997. In vitro activities of terbinafine in combination with fluconazole and itraconazole against isolates of Candida albicans with reduced susceptibility to azoles. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41:1812-1814.

185. Barchiesi, F., R. J. Hollis, M. Del Poeta, D. A. McGough, G. Scalise, M. G. Rinaldi, and M. A. Pfaller. 1995. Transmission of fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans between patients with AIDS and oropharyngeal candidiasis documented by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 21:561-564.

186. Barchiesi, F., V. Morbiducci, F. Ancarani, and G. Scalise. 1993. Emergence of oropharyngeal candidiasis caused by non-albicans species of Candida in HIV-infected patients (letter). Eur. J. Epidemiol. 9:455-456.

187. Barchiesi, F., A. M. Schimizzi, F. Caselli, A. Novelli, S. Fallani, D. Giannini, D. Arzeni, S. Di Cesare, L. F. Di Francesco, M. Fortuna, A. Giacometti, F. Carle, T. Mazzei, and G. Scalise. 2000. Interactions between triazoles and amphotericin B against Cryptococcus neoformans. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:2435-2441.

188. Barchiesi, F., A. M. Schimizzi, A. W. Fothergill, G. Scalise, and M. G. Rinaldi. 1999. In vitro activity of the new echinocandin antifungal, MK-0991, against common and uncommon clinical isolates of Candida species. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 18:302-304.

189. Barchiesi, F., A. M. Tortorano, L. F. Di Francesco, M. Cogliati, G. Scalise, and M. A. Viviani. 1999. In-vitro activity of five antifungal agents against uncommon clinical isolates of Candida spp. J Antimicrob Chemother. 43:295-299.

190. Baro, T., J. M. Torres-Rodriguez, Y. Morera, C. Alia, O. Lopez, and R. Mendez. 1999. Serotyping of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from clinical and environmental sources in Spain. J Clin Microbiol. 37:1170-1172.

191. Baron, G. L., R. F. Gain, and J. C. Gilman. 1961. The genus Microascus. Can. J. Bot. 39:1609-1631.

192. Barratt, D. M., K. Van Meter, P. Asmar, T. Nolan, C. Trahan, L. Garcia-Covarrubias, and S. E. Metzinger. 2001. Hyperbaric oxygen as an adjunct in zygomycosis: Randomized controlled trial in a murine model. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45:3601-3602.

193. Barry, A. L., and S. D. Brown. 1996. Fluconazole disk diffusion procedure for determining susceptibility of Candida species. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:2154-2157.

194. Bart-Delabesse, E., P. Boiron, A. Carlotti, and B. Dupont. 1993. Candida albicans genotyping in studies with patients with AIDS developing resistance to fluconazole. J. Clin. Microbiol. 31:2933-2937.

195. Bartizal, K., C. J. Gill, G. K. Abruzzo, A. M. Flattery, L. Kong, P. M. Scott, J. G. Smith, C. E. Leighton, A. Bouffard, J. F. Dropinski, and J. Balkovec. 1997. In vitro preclinical evaluation studies with the echinocandin antifungal MK-0991 (L-743,872). Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41:2326-2332.

196. Bartlett, J. G. 1999. Management of opportunistic infections and miscellaneous conditions, p. 113-137. In J. G. Bartlett (ed.), Medical management of HIV infections. Port City Press, Baltimore.

197. Bartone, F. F., R. S. Hurwitz, E. L. Rojas, E. Steinberg, and R. Franceschini. 1988. The role of percutaneous nephrostomy in the management of obstructing candidiasis of the urinary tract in infants. J Urol. 140:338-41.

198. Barza, M. 1998. Editorial response: Treatment options for Candida endophthalmitis. Clin Infect Dis. 27:1134-1136.

199. Bassiouny, A., T. Kamel, M. K. Moawad, and D. S. Hindawy. 1986. Broad spectrum antifungal agents in otomycosis. J Laryngol Otol. 100:867-73.

200. Baszler, T., F. W. Chandler, R. W. Bertoy, C. W. Smith, and H. E. Whiteley. 1988. Disseminated pseudallescheriasis in a dog. Vet Pathol. 25:95-7.

201. Bauder, B., A. Kubber-Heiss, T. Steineck, E. S. Kuttin, and L. Kaufman. 2000. Granulomatous skin lesions due to histoplasmosis in a badger (Meles meles) in Austria. Med Mycol. 38:249-253.

202. Baumgardner, D. J., and D. P. Paretsky. 1999. The in vitro isolation of Blastomyces dermatitidis from a woodpile in North central Wisconsin, USA. Med. Mycol. 37:163-168.

203. Bauters, T. G., D. Swinne, T. Boekhout, L. Noens, and H. J. Nelis. 2002. Repeated isolation of Cryptococcus laurentii from the oropharynx of an immunocompromized patient. Mycopathologia. 153:133-5.

204. Bava, A. J., A. Fayad, C. Cespedes, and M. Sandoval. 2003. Fungal peritonitis caused by Bipolaris spicifera. Med Mycol. 41:529-31.

205. Bayer, A. S., M. J. Blumenkrantz, J. Z. Montgomerie, J. E. Galpin, J. W. Coburn, and L. B. Guze. 1976. Candida peritonitis: Report of 22 cases and review of the English literature. Am. J. Med. 61:832-840.

206. Bayer, A. S., J. E. J. Edwards, J. S. Seidel, and L. B. Guze. 1976. Candida meningitis: Report of seven cases and review of the English literature. Medicine. 55:477-486.

207. Bayer, A. S., and L. B. Guze. 1978. Fungal arthritis. I. Candida arthritis: diagnostic and prognostic implications and therapeutic considerations. Seminars in Arthritis & Rheumatism. 8:142-50.

208. Bayer, A. S., and L. B. Guze. 1979. Fungal arthritis. II. Coccidioidal synovitis: clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic considerations. Seminars in Arthritis & Rheumatism. 8:200-11.

209. Beck, A., M. W. Hutchings, A. R. Makey, and I. M. Tuck. 1955. Infection with Cryptococcus neoformans in man: Report of two cases. Lancet:535-538.

210. Behrens-Baumann, W., R. Ruechel, O. Zimmermann, and M. Vogel. 1991. Candida tropicalis endophthalmitis following penetrating keratoplasty. Br. J. Opthalmol. 75:565.

211. Bektas, S., B. Goetze, and C. P. Speer. 1990. Decreased adherence, chemotaxis and phagocytic activities of neutrophils from preterm neonates. Acta Paediatr Scand. 79:1031-8.

212. Belay, T., R. Cherniak, E. B. O’Neill, and T. R. Kozel. 1996. Serotyping of Cryptococcus neoformans by dot enzyme assay. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:466-470.

213. Bell, S. A., M. Rocken, and H. C. Korting. 1996. Tinea axillaris, a variant of intertriginous tinea, due to non- occupational infection with Trichophyton verrucosum. Mycoses. 39:471-4.

214. Bemis, D. A., D. J. Krahwinkel, L. A. Bowman, P. Mondon, and K. J. Kwon-Chung. 2000. Temperature-sensitive strain of Cryptococcus neoformans producing hyphal elements in a feline nasal granuloma. J Clin Microbiol. 38:926-928.

215. Benda, T., and J. P. Corey. 1994. Malbranchea pulchella fungal sinusitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 110:501-504.

216. Benedetti, E., A. C. Gruessner, C. Troppmann, B. E. Papalois, D. E. Sutherland, D. L. Dunn, and R. W. Gruessner. 1996. Intra-abdominal fungal infections after pancreatic transplantation: incidence, treatment, and outcome. J. Amer. Coll. Surgeons. 183:307-316.

217. Bennett, C. L., C. A. Westbrook, B. Gruber, and H. M. Golomb. 1986. Hairy cell leukemia and mucomycosis: Treatment with alpha-2 interferon. Am. J. Med. 81:1065-1067.

218. Bennett, J. E. 1995. Aspergillus species, p. 2306-2310. In G. L. Mandell, J. E. Bennett, and R. Dolin (ed.), Mandell, Douglas and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 4th edition ed. Churchill Livingstone, New York.

219. Bennett, J. E. 1977. Flucytosine. Ann. Intern. Med. 86:319-322.

220. Bennett, J. E. 1990. Searching for the yeast connection [editorial; comment] [see comments]. N Engl J Med. 323:1766-7.

221. Bennett, J. E., and J. W. Bailey. 1971. Control for rheumatoid factor in the latex test for cryptococcosis. Am J Clin Pathol. 56:360-5.

222. Bennett, J. E., W. E. Dismukes, R. J. Duma, G. Medoff, M. A. Sande, H. Gallis, J. Leonard, B. T. Fields, M. Bradshaw, H. Haywood, Z. A. McGee, T. R. Cate, C. G. Cobbs, J. F. Warner, and D. W. Alling. 1979. A comparison of amphotericin B alone and combined with flucytosine in the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis. N. Engl. J. Med. 301:126-131.

223. Bennett, J. W., and M. Klich. 2003. Mycotoxins. Clin Microbiol Rev. 16:497-516.

224. Bensousan, T., J. M. Dray, F. Vincent, F. Garrec, D. Goldgran-Toledano, B. Escudler, C. Tancrede, and B. Leclercq. 1994. Do bacteriuria and candiduria have predictive value in the diagnosis of postlaparotomy peritonitis? Clin. Infect. Dis. 19:811-812.

225. Berant, M., C. Kristal, and Y. Wagner. 1979. Candida osteomyelitis as a complication of parenteral nutrition in an infant. Successful treatment with flucytosine. Helvetica Paediatrica Acta. 34:155-60.

226. Berenguer, J., M. Buck, F. Witebsky, F. Stock, P. A. Pizzo, and T. J. Walsh. 1993. Lysis-centrifugation blood cultures in the detection of tissue-proven invasive candidiasis. Disseminated versus single-organ infection. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 17:103-109.

227. Berenguer, J., J. Diaz-Mediavilla, D. Urra, and P. Munoz. 1989. Central nervous system infection caused by Pseudallescheria boydii: case report and review. Rev. Infect. Dis. 11:890-896.

228. Berenguer, J., J. L. Rodriguez-Tudela, C. Richard, M. Alvarez, M. A. Sanz, L. Gaztelurrutia, J. Ayats, and J. V. Martinez-Suarez. 1997. Deep infections caused by Scedosporium prolificans. A report on 16 cases in Spain and a review of the literature. Scedosporium Prolificans Spanish Study Group. Medicine (Baltimore). 76:256-65.

229. Berger, S. A., D. A. Waitman, and R. Baruch. 1992. Coulter counter identifies Cryptococcus neoformans as leukocytes. A case of pseudopleocytosis. Am J Clin Pathol. 97:663-4.

230. Bergman, A. G., and C. A. Kauffman. 1984. Dermatitis due to Sporobolomyces infection. Arch Derm. 120:1059-1060.

231. Bergman, J. J. 1984. Clinical comparison of microscopic and culture techniques in the diagnosis of Candida vaginitis. J. Fam. Pract. 18:549-553.

232. Bergman, M. M., D. Gagnon, and G. V. Doern. 1998. Pichia ohmeri fungemia. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 30:229-31.

233. Bernhardt, H. E., J. C. Orlando, J. R. Benfield, F. M. Hirose, and R. Y. Foos. 1972. Disseminated candidiasis in surgical patients. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 134:819-825.

234. Berns, J. S., M. M. Lederman, and G. B. M. 1984. Nonsurgical cure of pulmonary mucomycosis. Am. J. Med. Sci. 287:42-44.

235. Bernstein, E. F., M. G. Schuster, D. D. Stieritz, P. C. Heuman, and J. Uitto. 1995. Disseminated cutaneous Pseudallescheria boydii. Br. J. Dermatol. 132:456-460.

236. Berry, A. J., M. G. Rinaldi, and J. R. Graybill. 1992. Use of high-dose fluconazole as salvage therapy for cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 36:690-692.

237. Beyt, B. E., and S. R. Waltman. 1978. Cryptococcal endophthalmitis after corneal transplantation. N Engl J Med. 298:825-826.

238. Bhansali, S., C. Karanes, W. Palutke, L. Crane, R. Kiel, and V. Ratanatharathorn. 1986. Successful treatment of disseminated Trichosporon beigelii (cutaneum) infection with associated splenic involvement. Cancer. 58:1630-2.

239. Bhatia, V., R. Kochhar, P. Talwar, N. M. Gupta, and S. K. Mehta. 1989. Association of Candida with carcinoma of esophagus. Indian J. Gastroenterol. 8:171-172.

240. Bhattacharyya, T., M. Edward, C. Cordery, and M. D. Richardson. 1998. Colonization of living skin equivalents by Malassezia furfur. Med Mycol. 36:15-19.

241. Bickley, L. K., I. J. Berman, and A. F. Hoodd. 1985. Fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis: Unusual histopathology following intralesional corticosteroid administration. J. Amer. Acad. Dermatol. 12:1007-1012.

242. Bielsa, I., J. M. Miro, C. Herrero, E. Martin, X. Latorre, and J. M. Mascaro. 1987. Systemic candidiasis in heroin abusers. Cutaneous findings. Int. J. Dermatol. 26:314-9.

243. Bigby, T. D., L. M. Turney, and M. A. Matthay. 1986. Clinical spectrum of pulmonary mucomycosis. Chest. 89:435-439.

244. Bigley, V. H., R. F. Duarte, R. D. Gosling, C. C. Kibbler, S. Seaton, and M. Potter. 2004. Fusarium dimerum infection in a stem cell transplant recipient treated successfully with voriconazole. Bone Marrow Transplant. 34:815-7.

245. Bilgen, H., E. Ozek, V. Korten, B. Ener, and D. Molbay. 1995. Treatment of systemic neonatal candidiasis with fluconazole [letter]. Infection. 23:394.

246. Bille, J., G. Stockman, D. Roberts, C. D. Hortmeier, and D. M. Ilstrup. 1983. Evaluation of a lysis-centrifugation sustem for recovery of yeasts and filamentous fungi from blood. J. Clin. Microbiol. 18:469-471.

247. Bisbe, J., J. M. Miro, X. Latorre, A. Moreno, J. Mallolas, J. M. Gatell, J. P. Delabellacasa, and E. Soriano. 1992. Disseminated candidiasis in addicts who use brown heroin – report of 83 cases and review. Clin. Infect. Dis. 15:910-923.

248. Bisbe, J., J. M. Miro, J. M. Torres, X. Latorre, C. Alia, M. Amaral, D. Estivill, J. Mallolas, A. Trilla, and E. Soriano. 1989. Diagnostic value of serum antibody and antigen detection in heroin addicts with systemic candidiasis. Rev Infect Dis. 11:310-5.

249. Bisbe, J., J. Vilardell, M. Valls, A. Moreno, M. Brancos, and J. Andreu. 1987. Transient fungemia and Candida arthritis due to Candida zeylanoides. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 6:668-9.

250. Bittini, A., P. L. Dominguez, M. L. Martinez Pueyo, F. J. Lopez Longo, I. Monteagudo, and L. Carreno. 1985. Comparison of bone and gallium-67 imaging in heroin users’ arthritis. Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 26:1377-81.

251. Bjorkholm, M., G. Runarsson, F. Celsing, M. Kalin, B. Petrini, and P. Engervall. 2001. Liposomal amphotericin B and surgery in the successful treatment of invasive pulmonary mucormycosis in a patient with acute T- lymphoblastic leukemia. Scand J Infec Dis. 33:316-319.

252. Bjorses, P., J. Aaltonen, A. Vikman, J. Perheentupa, G. Ben-Zion, G. Chiumello, N. Dahl, P. Heideman, J. J. Hoorweg-Nijman, L. Mathivon, P. E. Mullis, M. Pohl, M. Ritzen, G. Romeo, M. S. Shapiro, C. S. Smith, J. Solyom, J. Zlotogora, and L. Peltonen. 1996. Genetic homogeneity of autoimmune polyglandular disease type I. Am J Hum Genet. 59:879-86.

253. Bjorses, P., M. Pelto-Huikko, J. Kaukonen, J. Aaltonen, L. Peltonen, and I. Ulmanen. 1999. Localization of the APECED protein in distinct nuclear structures. Hum Mol Genet. 8:259-66.

254. Black, J. T. 1970. Cerebral candidiasis: case report of brain abscess secondary to Candida albicans, and review of literature. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat. 33:864-870.

255. Blair, J. E., and J. L. Logan. 2001. Coccidioidomycosis in solid organ transplantation. Clin Infect Dis. 33:1536-1544.

256. Bland, P. B. 1937. Experimental vaginal and cutanous moniliasis: Clinical and laboratory studies of certain monilias associated with vaginal, oral and cutaneous thrush. Arch Dermatol Syphil. 36:760.

257. Blatchford, N. R. 1990. Treatment of oral candidosis with itraconazole: a review. J. Amer. Acad. Dermatol. 23:565-567.

258. Blevins, L. B., J. Fenn, H. Segal, P. Newcomb-Gayman, and K. C. Carroll. 1995. False-positive cryptococcal antigen latex agglutination caused by disinfectants and soaps. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:1674-1675.

259. Blinkhorn, R. J., D. Adelstein, and P. J. Spagnuolo. 1989. Emergence of a new opportunistic pathogen, Candida lusitaniae. J. Clin. Microbiol. 27:236-240.

260. Blizzard, R. M., and J. H. Gibbs. 1968. Candidiasis: studies pertaining to its association with endocrinopathies and pernicious anemia. Pediatrics:231-237.

261. Block, E. R. 1973. Effect of hepatic insufficiency on 5-fluorocytosine concentrations in serum. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 3:141-2.

262. Blonz, E. R. 1986. Is there an epidemic of chronic candidiasis in our midst. JAMA. 256:3138-9.

263. Bloom, P. A., D. A. Laidlaw, D. L. Easty, and D. W. Warnock. 1992. Treatment failure in a case of fungal keratitis caused by Pseudallescheria boydii. Br J Ophthalmol. 76:367-8.

264. Blumberg, H. M., W. R. Jarvis, R. P. Wenzel, and The NEMIS Study Group. 1998. Risk factors for Candida bloodstream infection in surgical intensive care units: NEMIS prospective multicenter study. 36th Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Abstract No. 102.

265. Bocklisch, H., and B. Otto. 2000. Mycotic diseases in fish. Mycoses. 43:76-78.

266. Bodey, G., B. Bueltmann, W. Duguid, D. Gibbs, H. Hanak, M. Hotchi, G. Mall, P. Martino, F. Meunier, S. Milliken, S. Naoe, M. Okudaira, D. Scevola, and J. van’t Wout. 1992. Fungal infections in cancer patients: An international autopsy survey. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 11:99-109.

267. Bodey, G. P. 1992. Azole antifungal agents. Clin. Infect. Dis. 14(Suppl 1):S161-S169.

268. Bodey, G. P. 1986. Candidiasis in cancer patients. Am. J. Med. 77:13-19.

269. Bodey, G. P. 1988. The emergence of fungi as major hospital pathogens. J. Hosp. Infect. 11:411-426.

270. Bodey, G. P. 1966. Fungal infections complicating acute leukemia. J. Chron. Dis. 19:667-687.

271. Bodey, G. P., E. J. Anaissie, and J. E. Edwards. 1993. Definitions of Candida infections, p. 407-408. In G. P. Bodey (ed.), Candidiasis: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Raven Press, Ltd., New York.

272. Bodey, G. P., and M. Luna. 1974. Skin lesions associated with disseminated candidiasis. JAMA. 229:1466-1468.

273. Bodey, G. P., and M. A. Luna. 1998. Disseminated candidiasis in patients with acute leukemia: Two diseases? Clin Infect Dis. 27:238.

274. Bodey, G. P., and J. D. Sobel. 1993. Lower gastrointestinal candidiasis, p. 205-222. In G. P. Bodey (ed.), Candidiasis: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Raven Press, Ltd., New York.

275. Body, B. A., M. A. Pfaller, J. Durrer, F. Koonts, and D. H. M. Groschel. 1988. Comparison of the lysis-centrifugation and radiometric systems for recovery of yeast. J. Clin. Microbiol. 7:417-420.

276. Boekhout, T., M. Kamp, and E. Gueho. 1998. Molecular typing of Malassezia species with PFGE and RAPD. Med Mycol. 36:365-372.

277. Boelaert, J. R., M. de Locht, and Y.-J. Schneider. 1994. The effect of deferoxamine on different zygomycetes. J. Infect. Dis. 169:231-232.

278. Boelaert, J. R., M. de Locht, J. Van Cutsem, V. Kerrels, C. B, A. Verdonck, H. W. Van Landuyt, and Y.-J. Schneider. 1993. Mucormycosis during deferoxamine therapy is a siderophore-mediated infection: In vitro and in vivo animal studies. J. Clin. Invest. 91:1979-1986.

279. Boelaert, J. R., G. F. van Roost, P. L. Vergauwe, J. J. Verbanck, C. de Vroey, and M. F. Segaert. 1988. The role of desferrioxamine in dialysis-associated mucomycosis: report of three cases and review of the literature. Clinical Nephrology. 29:261-266.

280. Bohme, A., M. Karthaus, and D. Hoelzer. 1999. Antifungal prophylaxis in neutropenic patients with hematologic malignancies: Is there a real benefit? Chemotherapy. 45:224-232.

281. Boken, D. J., S. Swindells, and M. G. Rinaldi. 1993. Fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans. Clin. Infect. Dis. 17:1018-1021.

282. Bolao, F., D. Podzamczer, M. Ventin, and F. Gudiol. 1994. Efficacy of acute phase and maintenance therapy with itraconazole in an AIDS patient with sporotrichosis. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 13:609-12.

283. Bonacini, M., T. Young, and L. Laine. 1991. The causes of esophageal symptoms in human immunodeficiency virus infection. A prospective study of 110 patients. Arch. Intern. Med. 151:1567-1572.

284. Bonatti, H., W. Steurer, A. Konigsrainer, F. Allerberger, and R. Margreiter. 1995. Infection of the pancreatic duct following pancreas transplantation with bladder drainage. J Chemother. 7:442-5.

285. Bonay, M., A. P. Jonville-Bera, P. Diot, E. Lemarie, M. Lavandier, and E. Autret. 1993. Possible interaction between phenobarbital, carbamazepine and itraconazole. Drug Safety. 9:309-11.

286. Bonifaz, A., E. Carrasco-Gerard, and A. Saul. 2001. Chromoblastomycosis: clinical and mycologic experience of 51 cases. Mycoses. 44:1-7.

287. Bonifaz, A., E. Martinez-Soto, E. Carrasco-Gerard, and J. Peniche. 1997. Treatment of chromoblastomycosis with itraconazole, cryosurgery, and a combination of both. Int. J. Dermatol. 36:542-7.

288. Bonomo, R. A., M. Strauss, R. Blinkhorn, and R. A. Salata. 1996. Torulopsis (Candida) glabrata: A new pathogen found in spinal epidural abscess. Clin. Infect. Dis. 22:588-589.

289. Boogaerts, J., J.-L. Michaux, A. Bosly, A. Van Hoof, P. Jacqmin, A. Van Peer, R. Woestenborghs, P. Stoffels, K. Groen, and K. De Beule. 1996. Pharmacokinetics and safety of seven days of intravenous (IV) itraconazole followed by two weeks oral itraconazole solution in patients with haematological malignancy. 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Abstract No. A87.

290. Boogaerts, M., G. Garber, D. Winston, A. Reboli, A. Schwarer, E. Bow, M. Peeters, E. Materman, and K. De Beule. 1999. Itraconazole compared with amphotericin B as empirical therapy for persistent fever of unknown origin in neutropenic patients. Bone Marrow Transplant. 23 (Suppl. 1):S111.

291. Boogaerts, M., and J. Maertens. 2001. Clinical experience with itraconazole in systemic fungal infections. Drugs. 61:39-47.

292. Boogaerts, M. A., G. E. Verhoef, P. Zachee, H. Demuynck, L. Verbist, and K. De Beule. 1989. Antifungal prophylaxis with itraconazole in prolonged neutropenia: correlation with plasma levels. Mycoses. 32 (Suppl 1):103-108.

293. Boonk, W., D. de Geer, E. de Kreek, J. Remme, and B. van Huystee. 1998. Itraconazole in the treatment of tinea corporis and tinea cruris: comparison of two treatment schedules. Mycoses. 41:509-514.

294. Borg-von Zepelin, M., H. Eiffer, M. Kann, and R. R?chel. 1993. Changes in the spectrum of fungal isolates: results from clinical specimens gathered in 1987/88 compared with those in 1991/92 in the University Hospital G?ttingen, Germany. Mycoses. 36:247-253.

295. Borgbjerg, B. M., F. Gjerris, M. J. Albeck, and S. E. Borgesen. 1995. Risk of infection after cerebrospinal fluid shunt: an analysis of 884 first-time shunts. Acta Neurochir. 136:1-7.

296. Bortolussi, R. A., R. M. Bannatyne, and G. S. Arbus. 1975. Treatment of Candida peritonitis by peritoneal lavage with amphotericin B. J. Pediatr. 87:987-988.

297. Borzotta, A. P., and K. Beardsley. 1999. Candida infections in critically ill trauma patients – A retrospective case-control study. Arch Surg. 134:657-664.

298. Botterel, F., N. Curvale, F. Foulet, J. L. Poirot, and S. Bretagne. 2000. Frequency of intravascular catheter colonization by Malassezia sp in adult patients. J Mycologie Medicale. 10:203-206.

299. Bottone, E. J., M. Horga, and J. Abrams. 1999. “Giant” blastoconidia of Candida albicans: Morphologic presentation and concepts regarding their production. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 34:27-32.

300. Bottone, E. J., I. Weitzman, and B. A. Hanna. 1979. Rhizopus rhizopodiformis: emerging etiological agent of mucormycosis. J Clin Microbiol. 9:530-7.

301. Bouakline, A., C. Lacroix, N. Roux, J. P. Gangneux, and F. Derouin. 2000. Fungal contamination of food in hematology units. J Clin Microbiol. 38:4272-4273.

302. Bouchard, C. S., B. Chacko, H. P. Cupples, H. D. Cavanagh, and W. D. Mathers. 1991. Surgical treatment for a case of postoperative Pseudallescheria boydii endophthalmitis. Ophthalmic Surg. 22:98-101.

303. Bouchon, C. L., D. L. Greer, and C. F. Genre. 1994. Corneal ulcer due to Exserohilum longirostratum. Am J Clin Pathol. 101:452-5.

304. Bougnoux, M. E., C. Dupont, J. Mateo, P. Saulnier, V. Faivre, D. Payen, and M. H. Nicolas-Chanoine. 1999. Serum is more suitable than whole blood for diagnosis of systemic candidiasis by nested PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 37:925-930.

305. Bougnoux, M. E., C. Hill, D. Moissente, M. F. de Chauvin, M. Bonnay, I. Vicens-Sprauel, F. Pietri, M. McNeil, L. Kaufman, J. Dupouy-Camet, C. Bohuon, and A. Andremonti. 1990. Comparison of antibody, antigen, and metabolite assays for hospitalized patients with disseminated or peripheral candidiasis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 28:905-909.

306. Boutati, E. I., and E. J. Anaissie. 1997. Fusarium, a significant emerging pathogen in patients with hematologic malignancy: Ten years’ experience at a cancer center and implications for management. Blood. 90:999-1008.

307. Boutboul, F., C. Alberti, T. Leblanc, A. Sulahian, E. Gluckman, F. Derouin, and P. Ribaud. 2002. Invasive aspergillosis in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients: Increasing antigenemia is associated with progressive disease. Clin Infect Dis. 34:939-943.

308. Bouza, E., R. Cobo-Soriano, M. Rodriguez-Creixems, P. Munoz, M. Suarez-Leoz, and A. Cortes. 2000. A prospective search for ocular lesions in hospitalized patients with significant bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis. 30:306-312.

309. Bouza, E., J. S. Dreyer, W. L. Hewitt, and R. D. Meyer. 1981. Coccidioidal meningitis. An analysis of thirty-one cases and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 60:139-72.

310. Bow, E. J., R. Loewen, M. S. Cheang, and B. Schacter. 1995. Invasive fungal disease in adults undergoing remission-induction therapy for acute myeloid leukemia: the pathogenetic role of the antileukemic regimen. Clin. Infect. Dis. 21:361-369.

311. Bowden, R. A., M. Cays, T. Gooley, R. D. Mamelok, and J. A. van Burik. 1996. Phase I study of amphotericin B colloidal dispersion for the treatment of invasive fungal infections after marrow transplant. J. Infect. Dis. 173:1208-1215.

312. Bozzette, S. A., R. L. Gordon, A. Yen, M. Rinaldi, M. K. Ito, and J. Fierer. 1992. Biliary concentrations of fluconazole in a patient with candidal cholecystitis: case report. Clin Infect Dis. 15:701-3.

313. Bozzette, S. A., R. A. Larsen, J. Chiu, M. A. E. Leal, J. Jacobsen, P. Rothman, P. Robinson, G. Gilbert, J. A. McCutchan, J. Tilles, J. M. Leedom, D. D. Richman, and The California Collaborative Treatment Group. 1991. A placebo-controlled trial of maintenance therapy with fluconazole after treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in the acquired immmunodeficiency syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 324:580-584.

314. Bradley, E. L. d., and R. A. Olson. 1991. Current management of pancreatic abscess. Adv Surg. 24:361-88.

315. Bradley, M. C., S. Leidich, N. Isham, B. E. Elewski, and M. A. Ghannoum. 1999. Antifungal susceptibilities and genetic relatedness of serial Trichophyton rubrum isolates from patients with onychomycosis of the toenail. Mycoses. 42:105-110.

316. Brammer, K. W., P. R. Farrow, and J. K. Faulkner. 1990. Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of fluconazole in humans. Rev. Infect. Dis. 12 (Suppl. 3):S318-S326.

317. Brass, C., J. N. Galgiani, T. F. Blaschke, R. Defelice, R. A. O’Reilly, and D. A. Stevens. 1982. Disposition of ketoconazole, an oral antifungal, in humans. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 21:151-8.

318. Brawner, D. L., and J. E. Cutler. 1989. Oral Candida alibcans isolates from nonhospitalized normal carriers, immunocompetent hospitalized patients, and immunocompromised patients with or without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J. Clin. Microbiol. 27:1335-1341.

319. Bren, A. 1998. Fungal peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 17:839-843.

320. Brill, P. W., P. Winchester, A. N. Krauss, and P. Symchych. 1979. Osteomyelitis in a neonatal intensive care unit. Radiology. 131:83-7.

321. Bronson, D. M., D. R. Desai, S. Barsky, and S. M. Foley. 1983. An epidemic of infection with Trichophyton tonsurans revealed in a 20- year survey of fungal infections in Chicago. J Am Acad Dermatol. 8:322-30.

322. Brooks, B. J., W. L. Williams, C. V. Sanders, and R. L. Marier. 1982. Apparent ketoconazole failure in candidal cholecystitis. Arch. Intern. Med. 142:1934-1935.

323. Brooks, D. H., and F. Pupparo. 1998. Successful salvage of a primary total knee arthroplasty infected with Candida parapsilosis. J Arthroplasty. 13:707-12.

324. Brooks, R. G. 1989. Prospective study of Candida endophthalmitis in hospitalized patients with candidemia. Arch. Intern. Med. 149:2226-2228.

325. Bross, J., G. H. Talbot, G. Maislin, S. Hurwitz, and B. L. Strom. 1989. Risk factors for nosocomial candidemia: A case-control study in adults without leukemia. Am. J. Med. 87:614-620.

326. Brown, H., M. Talamini, and W. H. Westra. 1996. Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis due to invasive Candida albicans in a patient with AIDS. Clin. Infect. Dis. 22:186-187.

327. Brown, J. P., B. Iranpour, and M. N. Gilmour. 1971. Monilial granuloma. Diagnosis and treatment of a case of chronic localized mucocutaneous candidiasis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 31:486-92.

328. Brummer, E., E. Castaneda, and A. Restrepo. 1993. Paracoccidioidomycosis: An update. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 6:89-117.

329. Bruynzeel, I., and T. M. Starink. 1998. Granulomatous skin infection caused by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 39:365-7.

330. Bryant, K., C. Maxfield, and G. Rabalais. 1999. Renal candidiasis in neonates with candiduria. Pediat Inf Dis J. 18:959-963.

331. Buchs, S., and P. Pfister. 1982. Candida meningitis: course, prognosis and mortality before and after introduction of the new antimycotics. Mykosen. 26:73-81.

332. Buchta, V., and M. Otcenasek. 1988. Geotrichum candidum–an opportunistic agent of mycotic diseases. Mycoses. 31:363-70.

333. Buckley, H. R., M. D. Richardson, E. G. Evans, and L. J. Wheat. 1992. Immunodiagnosis of invasive fungal infection. J. Med. Vet. Mycol. 30 (Suppl. 1):249-260.

334. Buckley, R. H., Z. J. Lucas, B. G. Hattler, Jr., C. M. Zmijewski, and D. B. Amos. 1968. Defective cellular immunity associated with chronic mucocutaneous moniliasis and recurrent staphylococcal botryomycosis: immunological reconstitution by allogeneic bone marrow. Clin Exp Immunol. 3:153-69.

335. Budimulja, U., K. Kuswadji, S. Bramono, J. Basuki, L. S. Judanarso, S. Untung, S. Widagdo, Rohprabowo, Wydianto, D. Koesanto, and et al. 1994. A double-blind, randomized, stratified controlled study of the treatment of tinea imbricata with oral terbinafine or itraconazole. Br J Dermatol. 130 Suppl 43:29-31.

336. Budtz-Jorgensen, E., A. Stenderup, and M. Grabowski. 1975. An epidemiological study of yeasts in elderly denture wearers. Community Dental Oral Epidemiology. 3:115-119.

337. Buff, S. J., R. McLelland, H. A. Gallis, R. Matthay, and C. E. Putman. 1982. Candida albicans pneumonia: radiographic appearance. Am. J. Roentgenol. 138:645-648.

338. Burch, E. H., G. Fine, E. L. Quinn, and J. F. Eisses. 1975. Cryptococcus neoformans as a cause of lytic bone lesions. JAMA. 231:1057-1059.

339. Burchard, K. W., L. B. Minor, G. J. Slotman, and D. S. Gann. 1983. Fungal sepsis in surgical patients. Arch. Surg. 118:217-221.

340. Burge, H. A., and H. A. Ammann. 1999. Fungal toxins and beta-(1-3)-D-glucans, p. 24-1 to 24-13. In J. Macher, H. A. Ammann, H. A. Burge, D. K. Milton, and P. R. Morey (ed.), Bioaerosols: Assessment and Control. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (www.acgih.org), Cincinnati, OH.

341. Burgert, S. J., D. C. Classen, J. P. Burke, and D. D. Blatter. 1995. Candidal brain abscess associated with vascular invasion: a devastating complication of vascular catheter-related candidemia. Clin. Infect. Dis. 21:202-205.

342. Burges, G. E., C. T. Walls, and J. C. Maize. 1987. Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exserohilum rostratum in an immunocompetent host. Arch. Dermatol. 123:1346-50.

343. Burgess, D. S., and R. W. Hastings. 2000. A comparison of dynamic characteristics of fluconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin B against Cryptococcus neoformans using time-kill methodology. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 38:87-93.

344. Burke, W. A. 1993. Tinea nigra: treatment with topical ketoconazole. Cutis. 52:209-11.

345. Burke, W. A. 1989. Use of itraconazole in a patient with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. J. Amer. Acad. Dermatol. 21:1309-1310.

346. Burns, D. N., R. Tuomala, B.-H. Chang, R. Hershow, H. Minkoff, E. Rodriguez, C. Zorrilla, H. Hammill, J. Regan, and the Women and Infants Transmission Study Group. 1997. Vaginal colonization or infection with Candida albicans in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women during pregnancy and during the postpartum period. Clin. Infect. Dis. 24:201-210.

347. Burns, R. A., J. S. Roy, C. Woods, A. A. Padhye, and D. W. Warnock. 2000. Report of the first human case of lobomycosis in the United States. J Clin Microbiol. 38:1283-5.

348. Busey, J. F. 1972. Blastomycosis. 3. A comparative study of 2-hydroxystilbamidine and amphotericin B therapy. Am Rev Respir Dis. 105:812-8.

349. Businco, L., G. Iannaccone, D. del Principe, S. Lucarelli, E. Cardi, and E. Rezza. 1977. Disseminated arthritis and osteitis by Candida albicans in a two month old infant receiving parenteral nutrition. Acta Paediatr Scand. 66:393-395.

350. Butler, K. M., and C. J. Baker. 1988. Candida: an increasingly important pathogen in the nursery. Pediatr Clin North Am. 35:543-63.

351. Butler, K. M., M. A. Rench, and C. J. Baker. 1990. Amphotericin B as a single agent in the treatment of systemic candidiasis in neonates. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 9:51-6.

352. Buzina, W., H. Braun, K. Schimpl, and H. Stammberger. 2003. Bipolaris spicifera causes fungus balls of the sinuses and triggers polypoid chronic rhinosinusitis in an immunocompetent patient. J Clin Microbiol. 41:4885-7.

353. Buzzini, P., and A. Martini. 2001. Large-scale screening of selected Candida maltosa, Debaryomyces hansenii and Pichia anomala killer toxin activity against pathogenic yeasts. Med Mycol. 39:479-482.

354. Byrd, D. R., R. A. el-Azhary, L. E. Gibson, and G. D. Roberts. 2001. Sporotrichosis masquerading as pyoderma gangrenosum: case report and review of 19 cases of sporotrichosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 15:581-584.

355. Byrd, R. P., T. M. Roy, C. L. Fields, and J. A. Lynch. 1992. Paecilomyces variotii penumonia in a patient with diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complic. 6:150-153.

356. Cabanes, F. J., L. Monreal, N. Majo, and G. Castella. 2002. Guttural pouch mycosis by Emericella nidulans in a horse. Rev Iberoam Micol. 19:208-11.

357. Cabello, H., A. Torres, R. Celis, M. El-Ebiary, J. Puig de la Bellacasa, A. Xaubet, J. Gonzalez, C. Agusti, and N. Soler. 1997. Bacterial colonization of distal airways in healthy subjects and chronic lung disease: a bronchoscopic study. Eur Respir J. 10:1137-44.

358. Caffara, M., and A. Scagliarini. 1999. Study of diseases of the grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) in Italy. First isolation of the dermatophyte Microsporum cookei. Med Mycol. 37:75-77.

359. Cagnoni, P. J., T. J. Walsh, M. M. Prendergast, D. Bodensteiner, S. Hiemenz, R. N. Greenberg, C. A. Arndt, M. Schuster, N. Seibel, V. Yeldandi, and K. B. Tong. 2000. Pharmacoeconomic analysis of liposomal amphotericin B versus conventional amphotericin B in the empirical treatment of persistently febrile neutropenic patients. J Clin Oncol. 18:2476-83.

360. Cairns, L., D. Blythe, A. Kao, D. Pappagianis, L. Kaufman, J. Kobayashi, and R. Hajjeh. 2000. Outbreak of coccidioidomycosis in Washington State residents returning from Mexico. Clin Infect Dis. 30:61-64.

361. Calandra, T., J. Bille, R. Schneider, F. Mosimann, and P. Francioli. 1989. Clinical significance of Candida isolated from peritoneum in surgical patients. Lancet. 2:1437-1440.

362. Calandra, T., P. Francioli, M. P. Glauser, F. Baudraz-Rosselet, C. Ruffieux, and D. Grigoriu. 1985. Disseminated candidiasis with extensive folliculitis in abusers of brown Iranian heroin. Eur J Clin Microbiol. 4:340-2.

363. Calcagno, A. M., G. Nino-Vega, F. San-Blas, and G. San-Blas. 1998. Geographic discrimination of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis strains by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. J Clin Microbiol. 36:1733-1736.

364. Callejas, A., N. Ordonez, M. C. Rodriguez, and E. Castaneda. 1998. First isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii, serotype C, from the environment in Colombia. Med Mycol. 36:341-344.

365. Camargo, Z. P., R. G. Baruzzi, S. M. Maeda, and M. C. Floriano. 1998. Antigenic relationship between Loboa loboi and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis as shown by serological methods. Med Mycol. 36:413-417.

366. Cameron, M. L., J. A. Bartlett, H. A. Gallis, and H. A. Waskin. 1991. Manifestations of pulmonary cryptococcosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Rev. Infect. Dis. 13:64-67.

367. Camin, A. M., C. Michelet, T. Langanay, C. de Place, S. Chevrier, E. Gueho, and C. Guiguen. 1999. Endocarditis due to Fusarium dimerum four years after coronary artery bypass grafting. Clin Infect Dis. 28:150.

368. Campbell, G. D. 1966. Primary pulmonary cryptococcosis. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 94:236-243.

369. Campos, P., R. Arenas, and H. Coronado. 1994. Epidemic cutaneous sporotrichosis. Int. J. Dermatol. 33:38-41.

370. Canales, M. A., J. Sevilla, E. O. Gutierrez, and F. H. Navarro. 1998. Successful treatment of Trichosoporon beigelii pneumonia with itraconazole. Clin. Infect. Dis. 26:999-1000.

371. Cancelas, J. A., J. Lopez, E. Cabezudo, E. Navas, J. Garcia Lara?a, M. Jimenez Mena, P. Diz, J. Perez de Oteyza, L. Villalon, A. Sanchez-Sousa, J. L. Sastre, J. Odriozola, and J. L. Navarro. 1994. Native valve endocarditis due to Candida parapsilosis: a late complication after bone marrow transplantation-related fungemia. Bone Marrow Transplant. 13:333-334.

372. Canver, C. C., A. K. Patel, P. Kosolcharoen, and M. C. Voytovich. 1998. Fungal purulent constrictive pericarditis in a heart transplant patient. Ann Thorac Surg. 65:1792-4.

373. Capa, L., A. Mendoza, J. L. Lavandera, F. Gomez de las Heras, and J. F. Garcia-Bustos. 1998. Translation elongation factor 2 is part of the target for a new family of antifungals. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42:2694-9.

374. Capilla, J., M. Ortoneda, F. J. Pastor, and J. Guarro. 2001. In vitro antifungal activities of the new triazole UR-9825 against clinically important filamentous fungi. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45:2635-2637.

375. Caraveo, J., A. A. Trowbridge, B. W. Amaral, J. B. Green, P. T. Cain, and D. L. Hurley. 1977. Bone marrow necrosis associated with a mucor infection. Am. J. Med. 62:404-408.

376. Cardinali, G., A. Martini, R. Preziosi, F. Bistoni, and F. Baldelli. 2002. Multicenter comparison of three different analytical systems for evaluation of DNA banding patterns from Cryptococcus neoformans. J Clin Microbiol. 40:2095-2100.

377. Carlotti, A., G. Zambardi, A. Couble, N. Lefrancois, X. Martin, and J. Villard. 1994. Nosocomial infection with Candida albicans in a pancreatic transplant recipient investigated by means of restriction enzyme analysis. J Infect. 29:157-64.

378. Carnevale, N. T., J. N. Galgiani, D. A. Stevens, M. K. Herrick, and J. W. Langston. 1980. Amphotericin B-induced myelopathy. 140:1189-1192.

379. Carpenter, C. C., K. H. Mayer, A. Fisher, M. B. Desai, and L. Durand. 1989. Natural history of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in women in Rhode Island. Am J Med. 86:771-5.

380. Carr, J. F., and C. W. Lewis. 1975. Tinea nigra palmaris. Treatment with thiabendazole topically. Arch Dermatol. 111:904-5.

381. Carr, M. J., S. Clarke, F. O’Connell, D. J. Sullivan, D. C. Coleman, and B. O’Connell. 2005. First reported case of endocarditis caused by Candida dubliniensis. J Clin Microbiol. 43:3023-3026.

382. Carrasco, L., M. Ramos, R. Galisteo, D. Pisa, M. Fresno, and M. E. Gonzalez. 2005. Isolation of Candida famata from a patient with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy. J Clin Microbiol. 43:635-40.

383. Carriere, J., C. Bagnis, E. Gueho, M. O. Bitker, M. Danis, and A. Datry. 1997. Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Phoma cruris-hominis in renal transplant patient. 13th ISHAM Congress, Abstract No.

384. Carrillo-Munoz, A. J., G. Quindos, C. Tur, M. Ruesga, R. Alonso, O. del Valle, V. Rodriguez, M. P. Arevalo, J. Salgado, E. Martin-Mazuelos, F. J. Bornay-Llinares, A. del Palacio, M. Cuetara, I. Gasser, J. M. Hernandez-Molina, and J. Peman. 2000. Comparative in vitro antifungal activity of amphotericin B lipid complex, amphotericin B and fluconazole. Chemotherapy. 46:235-244.

385. Carrillo-Munoz, A. J., G. Quindos, C. Tur, M. T. Ruesga, Y. Miranda, O. del Valle, P. A. Cossum, and T. L. Wallace. 1999. In vitro antifungal activity of liposomal nystatin in comparison with nystatin, amphotericin B cholesteryl sulphate, liposomal amphotericin B, amphotericin B lipid complex, amphotericin B desoxycholate, fluconazole and itraconazole. J Antimicrob Chemother. 44:397-401.

386. Carrillo, A. J., and J. Guarro. 2001. In vitro activities of four novel triazoles against Scedosporium spp. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45:2151-2153.

387. Carrizosa, J., M. E. Levison, T. Lawrence, and D. Kaye. 1974. Cure of Aspergillus ustus endocarditis on a prosthetic valve. Arch Intern Med. 133:486-90.

388. Cartledge, J. D., J. Midgely, and B. G. Gazzard. 1997. Itraconazole solution: higher serum drug concentrations and better clinical response rates than the capsule formulation in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients with candidosis. J. Clin. Pathol. 50:477-480.

389. Cartledge, J. D., J. Midgley, and B. G. Gazzard. 1997. Itraconazole cyclodextrin solution: the role of in vitro susceptibility testing in predicting successful treatment of HIV-related fluconazole-resistant and fluconazole-susceptible oral candidosis. AIDS. 11:163-168.

390. Casadevall, A., and J. R. Perfect. 1998. Cryptococcus neoformans. ASM Press, Washington, D.C.

391. Casadevall, A., A. L. Rosas, and J. D. Nosanchuk. 2000. Melanin and virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans. Curr Opin Microbiol. 3:354-358.

392. Casado, J. L., C. Quereda, J. Oliva, E. Navas, A. Morenco, V. Pintado, J. Cobo, and I. Corral. 1997. Candidal meningitis in HIV-infected patients: Analysis of 14 cases. Clin. Infect. Dis. 25:673-676.

393. Casanova-Cardiel, L., and M. J. Leibowitz. 1997. Presence of Pneumocystis carinii DNA in pond water. J Eukaryot Microbiol. 44 (Suppl.):28.

394. Casewell, M. W., P. G. Fermie, C. Thomas, and N. A. Simmons. 1984. Bacterial air counts obtained with a centrifugal (RCS) sampler and a slit sampler–the influence of aerosols. J Hosp Infect. 5:76-82.

395. Castaldo, P., R. J. Stratta, R. P. Wood, R. S. Markin, K. D. Patil, M. S. Shaefer, A. N. Langnas, E. C. Reed, S. Li, T. J. Pillen, and B. W. Shaw. 1991. Clinical spectrum of fungal infections after orthotopic liver transplantation. Arch. Surg. 126:149-156.

396. Castelnuovo, P., F. De Bernardi, C. Cavanna, F. Pagella, P. Bossolesi, P. Marone, and C. Farina. 2004. Invasive fungal sinusitis due to Bipolaris hawaiiensis. Mycoses. 47:76-81.

397. Castiglia, M., R. A. Smego, and E. L. Sames. 1994. Candida endocarditis and amphotericin B intolerance: Potential role for fluconazole. Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract. 3:248-253.

398. Castrejon, O. V., M. Robles, and O. E. Zubieta Arroyo. 1995. Fatal fungaemia due to Sporothrix schenckii. Mycoses. 38:373-376.

399. Cater, R. E., 2nd. 1995. Chronic intestinal candidiasis as a possible etiological factor in the chronic fatigue syndrome. Med Hypotheses. 44:507-15.

400. Cavaliere, A. 1980. Candida myocarditis in a young heroin addict. Pathol Res Pract. 168:224-8.

401. Caya, J. G., S. G. Farmer, G. A. Williams, T. R. Franson, R. A. Komorowski, and J. C. Kies. 1988. Bilateral Pseudallescheria boydii endophthalmitis in an immunocompromised patient. Wis Med J. 87:11-4.

402. Ceburkovas, O., R. A. Schwartz, and C. K. Janniger. 2000. Tinea capitis: current concepts. J Dermatol. 27:144-8.

403. Celard, M., E. Dannaoui, M. A. Piens, E. Gueho, G. Kirkorian, T. Greenland, F. Vandenesch, and S. Picot. 1999. Early Microascus cinereus endocarditis of a prosthetic valve implanted after Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis of the native valve. Clin Infect Dis. 29:691-2.

404. Cenci, E., A. Mencacci, R. Spaccapelo, L. Tonnetti, P. Mosci, K.-H. Enssle, P. Puccetti, L. Romani, and F. Bistogni. 1995. T helper cell type 1 (Th1)- and Th-2-like responses are present in mice with gastric candidiasis but protective immunity is associated with Th1 development. J. Infect. Dis. 171:1279-1288.

405. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 1992. 1993 Revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. MMWR. 41 (No. RR-17):1-19.

406. Cervia, J. S., and H. W. Murray. 1990. Fungal cholecystitis and AIDS. J Infect Dis. 161:358.

407. Chaabane, M., H. Krifa, M. F. Ladeb, M. H. Bouhaouala, M. Ben Hammouda, R. Ataalah, and A. Gannouni. 1989. Cerebral candidiasis. Computed tomography appearance. Pediatr Radiol. 19:436.

408. Chakrabarti, A., A. Das, A. Sharma, N. Panda, S. Das, K. L. Gupta, and V. Sakhuja. 2001. Ten years’ experience in zygomycosis at a tertiary care centre in India. J Infection. 42:261-266.

409. Chakrabarti, A., M. Jatana, P. Kumar, L. Chatha, A. Kaushal, and A. A. Padhye. 1997. isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii from Eucalyptus camaldulensis in India. J. Clin. Microbiol. 35:3440-3442.

410. Chakrabarti, A., K. Singh, A. Narang, S. Singhi, R. Batra, K. L. N. Rao, P. Ray, S. Gopalan, S. Das, V. Gupta, A. K. Gupta, S. M. Bose, and M. M. McNeil. 2001. Outbreak of Pichia anomala infection in the pediatric service of a tertiary-care center in Northern India. J Clin Microbiol. 39:1702-1706.

411. Chalet, M., D. H. Howard, M. R. McGinnis, and I. Zapatero. 1986. Isolation of Bipolaris australiensis from a lesion of viral vesicular dermatitis on the scalp. J. Med. Vet. Mycol. 24:461-5.

412. Chan-Tack, K. M., C. L. Thio, N. S. Miller, C. L. Karp, C. Ho, and W. G. Merz. 1999. Paecilomyces lilacinus fungemia in an adult bone marrow transplant recipient. Med Mycol. 37:57-60.

413. Chan, C. S. P., C. U. Tuazon, and L. S. Lessin. 1982. Amphotericin B-induced thrombocytopenia. Ann. Intern. Med. 96:332-333.

414. Chan, R. M. T., P. Lee, and J. Wroblewski. 2000. Deep-seated trichosporonosis in an immunocompetent patient: A case report of uterine trichosporonosis. Clin Infect Dis. 31:621.

415. Chandler, F. W. 1985. Pathology of the mycoses in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Curr Top Med Mycol. 1:1-23.

416. Chang, C. L., D. S. Kim, D. J. Park, H. J. Kim, C. H. Lee, and J. H. Shin. 2000. Acute cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to Wangiella dermatitidis accompanied by cerebrospinal fluid eosinophilia. J Clin Microbiol. 38:1965-1966.

417. Chang, N. J., H. L. MIller, N. Watkins, M. J. Arduino, D. A. Ashford, G. Midgley, S. M. Aguero, R. Pinto-Powell, C. F. von Reyn, W. Edwards, M. M. McNeil, and W. R. Jarvis. 1998. An epidemic of Malassezia pachydermatis in an intensive care nursery associated with colonization of health care workers’ pet dogs. N. Engl. J. Med. 338:706-711.

418. Chang, S. E., K. J. Kim, W. S. Lee, J. H. Choi, K. J. Sung, K. C. Moon, and J. K. Koh. 2003. A case of Trichosporon cutaneum folliculitis and septicaemia. Clin Exp Dermatol. 28:37-8.

419. Chanock, S. J., P. Toltzis, and C. Wilson. 1993. Cross-reactivity between Stomatococcus mucilaginosus and latex agglutination for cryptococcal antigen. Lancet. 342:1119-20.

420. Chapman, J. A., A. I. Terr, R. L. Jacobs, E. N. Charlesworth, and E. J. Bardana. 2003. Toxic mold: phantom risk vs science. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 91:222-232.

421. Chapman, S. W., R. W. Bradsher, G. D. Campbell, P. G. Pappas, and C. A. Kauffman. 2000. Practice guidelines for the management of patients with blastomycosis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 30:679-683.

422. Chapman, S. W., P. D. Rogers, M. G. Rinaldi, and D. C. Sullivan. 1998. Susceptibilities of clinical and laboratory isolates of Blastomyces dermatitidis to ketoconazole, itraconazole, and fluconazole. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42:978-980.

423. Chariyalertsak, S., K. Supparatpinyo, T. Sirisanthana, and K. E. Nelson. 2001. A controlled trial of itraconazole as primary prophylaxis for systemic fungal infections in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection in Thailand. Clin Infect Dis. 34:277-284.

424. Chelkowski, J., R. A. Samson, M. Wiewiorowska, and P. Golinski. 1987. Ochratoxin A formation by isolated strains of the conidial stage of Aspergillus glaucus Link ex Grey (= Eurotium herbariorum Wiggers Link ex Gray) from cereal grains. Nahrung. 31:267-9.

425. Chemlal, K., L. Saint-Julien, V. Joly, R. Farinotti, N. Seta, P. Yeni, and C. Carbon. 1996. Comparison of fluconazole and amphotericin B for treatment of experimental Candida albicans endocarditis in rabbits. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 40:263-266.

426. Chen, S., T. Sorrell, G. Nimmo, B. Speed, B. Currie, D. Ellis, D. Marriott, T. Pfeiffer, D. Parr, and K. Byth. 2000. Epidemiology and host- and variety-dependent characteristics of infection due to Cryptococcus neoformans in Australia and New Zealand. Clin Infect Dis. 31:499-508.

427. Chen, Y. C., S. C. Chang, C. C. Shih, C. C. Hung, K. T. Luh, Y. S. Pan, and W. C. Hsieh. 2000. Clinical features and in vitro susceptibilities of two varieties of Cryptococcus neoformans in Taiwan. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 36:175-183.

428. Cheng, I. K., G. X. Fang, T. M. Chan, P. C. Chan, and M. K. Chan. 1989. Fungal peritonitis complicating peritoneal dialysis: report of 27 cases and review of treatment. Quart. J. Med. 71:407-16.

429. Cheng, M. F., C. C. Chiou, Y. C. Liu, H. Z. Wang, and K. S. Hsieh. 2001. Cryptococcus laurentii fungemia in a premature neonate. J Clin Microbiol. 39:1608-1611.

430. Cheng, M. F., Y. L. Yang, T. J. Yao, C. Y. Lin, J. S. Liu, R. B. Tang, K. W. Yu, Y. H. Fan, K. S. Hsieh, M. Ho, and H. J. Lo. 2005. Risk factors for fatal candidemia caused by Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida species. BMC Infect Dis. 5:22.

431. Cheng, N. C., W. W. Wong, C. P. Fung, and C. Y. Liu. 1998. Unusual pulmonary manifestations of disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection in three AIDS patients. Med Mycol. 36:429-432.

432. Chern, K. C., D. M. Meisler, K. R. Wilhelmus, D. B. Jones, G. A. Stern, and C. Y. Lowder. 1996. Corneal anesthetic abuse and Candida keratitis. Ophthalmology. 103:37-40.

433. Chesney, P. J., R. A. Justman, and W. M. Bogdanowica. 1978. Candida meningitis in newborn infants: A review and report of combined amphotericin B-flucytosine therapy. The Johns Hopkins Medical Journal. 142:155-160.

434. Chia, N., R. Clark, and G. T. Valainis. 1990. Candida albicans infected pseudocyst in a postpartum woman. South Med J. 83:687-9.

435. Chin-Hong, P. V., D. A. Sutton, M. Roemer, M. A. Jacobson, and J. A. Aberg. 2001. Invasive fungal sinusitis and meningitis due to Arthrographis kalrae in a patient with AIDS. J Clin Microbiol. 39:804-807.

436. Chiou, C.-C., T.-T. Wong, H.-H. Lin, B. Hwang, R.-B. Tang, K.-G. Wu, and B.-H. Lee. 1994. Fungal infection of ventriculoperitoneal shunts in children. Clin. Infect. Dis. 19:1049-1053.

437. Chipps, B. E., F. T. Saulsbury, S. H. Hsu, W. T. Hughes, and J. A. Winkelstein. 1979. Non-candidal infections in children with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Johns Hopkins Med J. 144:175-9.

438. Chmel, H. 1974. Candida albicans meningiitis following lumbar puncture. American Journal of Medical Sciences. 266:465-467.

439. Choy, B. Y., S. S. Wong, T. M. Chan, and K. N. Lai. 2000. Pichia ohmeri peritonitis in a patient with CAPD: response to treatment with amphotericin (Letter). Perit Dial Int. 20:91.

440. Christensson, B., L. Ryd, L. Dahlberg, and S. Lohmander. 1993. Candida albicans arthritis in a nonimmunocompromised patient. Complication of placebo intraarticular injections. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. 64:695-8.

441. Chuck, S. L., and M. A. Sande. 1989. Infections with Cryptococcus neoformans in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 321:794-799.

442. Chung, R. T., R. H. Schapiro, and A. L. Warshaw. 1993. Intraluminal pancreatic candidiasis presenting as recurrent pancreatitis. Gastroenterology. 104:1532-4.

443. Cilla, G., E. Perez Trallero, J. R. Furundarena, E. Cuadrado, J. A. Iribarren, and F. Neira. 1988. Esophageal candidiasis and immunodeficiency associated with acute HIV infection [letter]. Aids. 2:399-400.

444. Cisneros, J. M., P. Munoz, J. Torre-Cisneros, M. Gurgui, M. J. Rodriguez-Hernandez, J. M. Aguado, and A. Echaniz. 1998. Pneumonia after heart transplantation: A multiinstitutional study. Clin Infect Dis. 27:324-331.

445. Clancy, C. J., and M. H. Nguyen. 1999. Correlation between in vitro susceptibility determined by E test and response to therapy with amphotericin B: Results from a multicenter prospective study of candidemia. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43:1289-1290.

446. Clancy, C. J., and M. H. Nguyen. 1998. In vitro efficacy and fungicidal activity of voriconazole against Aspergillus and Fusarium species. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 17:573-575.

447. Clancy, C. J., M. H. Nguyen, R. Alandoerffer, M. Richardson, and J. R. Graybill. 1999. What makes Cryptococcus neoformans virulent? 37th Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Abstract No. 271.

448. Clancy, C. J., M. H. Nguyen, and A. J. Morris. 1997. Candidal mediastinitis: An emerging clinical entity. Clin. Infect. Dis. 25:608-613.

449. Clancy, C. J., J. R. Wingard, and M. H. Nguyen. 2000. Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in transplant recipients: review of the literature and demonstration of in vitro synergy between antifungal agents. Med Mycol. 38:169-175.

450. Clark, R. A., D. Greer, W. Atkinson, G. T. Valainis, and N. Hyslop. 1990. Spectrum of Cryptococcus neoformans infection in 68 patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Rev Infect Dis. 12:768-77.

451. Clayton, Y. M. 1994. Relevance of broad-spectrum and fungicidal activity of antifungals in the treatment of dermatomycoses. Br J Dermatol. 130 (Suppl 43):7-8.

452. Clemons, K. V., and D. A. Stevens. 2000. Efficacies of sordarin derivatives GM193663, GM211676, and GM237354 in a murine model of systemic coccidioidomycosis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:1874-1877.

453. Cleveland, W. W., B. J. Fogel, and W. T. Brown. 1968. Foetal thymus transplant in a case of DiGeorge’s syndrome. Lancet. 2:1211-1214.

454. Cockshott, W. P., and A. O. Lucas. 1964. Histoplasmosis duboisii. Quart. J. Med. 33:223-238.

455. Cofrancesco, E., C. Boschetti, M. A. Viviani, C. Bargiggia, A. M. Tortorano, M. Cortellaro, and C. Zanussi. 1992. Efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) in the eradication of Fusarium infection in a leukaemic patient. Haematologica. 77:280-3.

456. Cohen-Abbo, A., and K. M. Edwards. 1995. Multifocal osteomyelitis caused by Paecilomyces varioti in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease. Infection. 23:55-7.

457. Cohen, J. L., R. K. Scher, and A. S. Pappert. 1992. The nail and fungus infections, p. 106-122. In B. Elewski (ed.), Cutaneous fungal infections. Igaku-Shoin, Inc, New York.

458. Cohen, M. S., R. E. Isturiz, H. L. Malech, R. K. Root, C. M. Wilfert, L. Gutman, and R. H. Buckley. 1981. Fungal infection in chronic granulomatous disease. The importance of the phagocyte in defense against fungi. Am J Med. 71:59-66.

459. Coimbra, C. E. A., and R. V. Santos. 1984. Black piedra among zoro Indians from Amazonia (Brazil). Mycopathologia. 107:57-60.

460. Cole, G. T., A. A. Halawa, and E. J. Anaissie. 1996. The role of the gastrointestinal tract in hematogenous candidiasis: from the laboratory to the bedside. Clin Infect Dis. 22 Suppl 2:S73-88.

461. Coleman, R., and R. J. Hay. 1997. Chronic mucocutaneous candidosis associated with hypothyroidism: a distinct syndrome? Br J Dermatol. 136:24-9.

462. Collier, L., A. Balows, and M. Sussman. 1998. Topley & Wilson’s Microbiology and Microbial Infections, 9th ed, vol. 4. Arnold, London, Sydney, Auckland, New York.

463. Collignon, P. J., and T. C. Sorrell. 1983. Disseminated candidiasis: evidence of a distinctive syndrome in heroin abusers. British Medical Journal Clinical Research Ed. 287:861-2.

464. Collin, B., C. J. Clancy, and M. H. Nguyen. 1999. Antifungal resistance in non-albicans Candida species. Drug Resist Update. 2:9-14.

465. Collins, M. S., and M. G. Rinaldi. 1977. Cutaneous infection in man caused by Fusarium moniliforme. Sabouraudia. 15:151-60.

466. Comby, F., J. F. Lagorce, J. Buxeraud, and C. Raby. 1994. Antithyroid action of ketoconazole: in-vitro studies and rat in-vivo studies. J Pharm Pharmacol. 46:50-53.

467. Como, J. A., and W. E. Dismukes. 1994. Oral azole drugs as systemic antifungal therapy. N. Engl. J. Med. 330:263-272.

468. Connelly, M. B., and J. T. Zerella. 2000. Surgical management of coccidioidomycosis in children [In Process Citation]. J Pediatr Surg. 35:1633-4.

469. Contini, C., E. Angelici, and R. Canipari. 1999. Structural changes in rat Pneumocystis carinii surface antigens after terbinafine administration in experimental P. carinii pneumonia. J Antimicrob Chemother. 43:301-304.

470. Cooke, B. E. 1975. Median rhomboid glossitis. Candidiasis and not a developmental anomaly. Br J Dermatol. 93:399-405.

471. Cooley, J. D., W. C. Wong, C. A. Jumper, and D. C. Straus. 1998. Correlation between the prevalence of certain fungi and sick building syndrome. Occup Environ Med. 55:579-584.

472. Cooter, R. D., I. S. Lim, D. H. Ellis, and I. O. W. Leitch. 1990. Burn wound zygomycosis caused by Apophysomyces elegans. J. Clin. Microbiol. 28:2151-2153.

473. Cordero, L., M. Sananes, and L. W. Ayers. 1999. Bloodstream infections in a neonatal intensive-care unit: 12 years’ experience with an antibiotic control program. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 20:242-6.

474. Cornell, S. H., and C. G. Jacoby. 1982. The varied computed tomographic appearance of intracranial cryptococcosis. Radiology. 143:703-707.

475. Corpus, K., R. Hegeman-Dingle, and I. Bajjoka. 2004. Candida kefyr, an uncommon but emerging fungal pathogen: Report of two cases. Pharmacotherapy. 24:1084-1088.

476. Corso, F. A., D. B. Shaul, and B. M. Wolfe. 1995. Spinal osteomyelitis after TPN catheter-induced septicemia. Jpen: Journal of Parenteral & Enteral Nutrition. 19:291-5.

477. Cosgrove, B. F., K. Reeves, D. Mullins, M. J. Ford, and F. A. Ramos-Caro. 1997. Congenital cutaneous candidiasis associated with respiratory distress and elevation of liver function tests: a case report and review of the literature. J Am Acad Dermatol. 37:817-23.

478. Costa, A. R., E. Porto, A. H. Tabuti, C. d. S. Lacaz, N. Y. Sakai-Valente, W. M. Maranhao, and M. C. Rodrigues. 1991. Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Bipolaris hawaiiensis. A case report. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo. 33:74-9.

479. Cox, N. H., and B. Irving. 1993. Cutaneous ‘ringworm’ lesions of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. Br J Dermatol. 129:726-8.

480. Craig, J. M., L. H. Schiff, and J. E. Boone. 1955. Chronic moniliasis associated with Addison’s disease. Am J Dis Child. 89:669-684.

481. Crespo, M. J., M. L. Abarca, and F. J. Cabanes. 2000. Atypical lipid-dependent Malassezia species isolated from dogs with otitis externa. J Clin Microbiol. 38:2383-2385.

482. Crompton, C. H., J. W. Balfe, R. C. Summerbell, and M. M. Silver. 1991. Peritonitis with Paecilomyces complicating peritoneal dialysis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 10:869-71.

483. Crook, W. G. 1989. Candida allergy [letter]. J Tenn Med Assoc. 82:272-3.

484. Crook, W. G. 1984. Candida colonization and allergic phenomena [letter]. Hosp Pract (Off Ed). 19:20.

485. Crook, W. G. 1989. ‘Caveman diet’ and Candida worthy of attention [letter; comment]. Nurse Pract. 14:8-9.

486. Crook, W. G. 1992. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and the Yeast Connection. Professional Books, Inc., Jackson, Tenesse.

487. Crook, W. G. 1991. A controlled trial of nystatin for the candidiasis hypersensitivity syndrome [letter]. N. Engl. J. Med. 324:1592.

488. Crook, W. G. 1984. Depression associated with Candida albicans infections [letter]. JAMA. 251:2928-9.

489. Crook, W. G. 1993. Vaginal yeast infections exacerbated by sugar intake [letter; comment]. Nurse Pract. 18:8.

490. Crook, W. G. 1997. The Yeast Connection Handbook. Professional Books, Inc., Jackson, Tenesse.

491. Crook, W. G. 1983. The yeast connection: a medical breakthrough. Professional Books, Jackson, Tennesse.

492. Crook, W. G. 1999. A yeast connection? [letter]. Nurse Pract. 24:27.

493. Crowther, K. S., A. T. Webb, and P. H. McWhinney. 2003. Trichosporon inkin peritonitis in a patient on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis returning from the Caribbean. Clin Nephrol. 59:69-70.

494. Cruciani, M., G. DiPerri, M. Molesini, S. Vento, E. Concia, and D. Bassetti. 1992. Use of fluconazole in the treatment of Candida albicans hydrocephalus shunt infection. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 11:957.

495. Cuenca-Estrella, M., B. Ruiz-Diez, J. V. Martinez-Suarez, A. Monzon, and J. L. Rodriguez-Tudela. 1999. Comparative in-vitro activity of voriconazole (UK-109,496) and six other antifungal agents against clinical isolates of Scedosporium prolificans and Scedosporium apiospermum. J Antimicrob Chemother. 43:149-151.

496. Cuende, E., C. Barbadillo, E. M. R, C. Isasi, A. Trujillo, and J. L. Andreu. 1993. Candida arthritis in adult patients who are not intravenous drug addicts: report of three cases and review of the literature. Seminars in Arthritis & Rheumatism. 22:224-41.

497. Cunha, B. A. 2001. Pneumonias in the compromised host. Infect Dis Clin N Amer. 15:591-612,X.

498. Currie, B. P., and A. Casadevall. 1994. Estimation of the prevalence of cryptococcal infection among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus in New York City. Clin. Infect. Dis. 19:1029-1033.

499. Currie, B. P., L. F. Freundlich, M. A. Soto, and A. Casadevall. 1993. False-negative cerebrospinal fluid cryptococcal latex agglutination tests for patients with culture-positive cryptoccal meningitis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 31:2519-2522.

500. Currie, B. P., M. Ghannoum, L. Bessen, and A. Casadevall. 1995. Decreased fluconazole susceptibility of a relapse Cryptococcus neoformans isolate after fluconazole treatment. Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract. 4:318-319.

501. Cutrona, A. F., M. Shah, M. S. Himes, and M. A. Miladore. 2002. Rhodotorula minuta: an unusual fungal infection in hip-joint prosthesis. Am J Orthop. 31:137-40.

502. Cuvelier, I., D. Vogelaers, R. Peleman, D. Benoit, V. Van Marck, F. Offner, K. Vandewoude, and F. Colardyn. 1998. Two cases of disseminated mucormycosis in patients with hematological malignancies and literature review. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 17:859-863.

503. Czwerwiec, F. S., M. S. Bilsker, M. L. Kamerman, and A. L. Bisno. 1993. Long-term survival after fluconazole therapy of candidal prosthetic valve endocarditis. Am J Med. 94:545-6.

504. D’Antonio, D., F. Romano, A. Iacone, B. Violante, P. Fazii, E. Pontieri, T. Staniscia, C. Caracciolo, S. Bianchini, R. Sferra, A. Vetuschi, E. Gaudio, and G. Carruba. 1999. Onychomycosis caused by Blastoschizomyces capitatus. J Clin Microbiol. 37:2927-2930.

505. D’Antonio, D., B. Violante, A. Mazzoni, T. Bonfini, M. A. Capuani, F. D’Aloia, A. Iacone, F. Schioppa, and F. Romano. 1998. A nosocomial cluster of Candida inconspicua infections in patients with hematological malignancies. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36:792-795.

506. Daher, A. H., and F. E. Berkowitz. 1995. Infective endocarditis in neonates. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 34:198-206.

507. Dan, M. 1983. Neonatal septic arthritis. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences. 19:967-71.

508. Dan, M., and I. Priel. 1994. Failure of fluconazole therapy for sternal osteomyelitis due to Candida albicans (letter). Clin. Infect. Dis. 18:126-127.

509. Danes, C., J. Gonzalez-Martin, T. Pumarola, A. Rano, N. Benito, A. Torres, A. Moreno, M. Rovira, and J. P. de la Bellacasa. 2002. Pulmonary infiltrates in immunosuppressed patients: Analysis of a diagnostic protocol. J Clin Microbiol. 40:2134-2140.

510. Dankner, W. M., S. A. Spector, J. Fierer, and C. E. Davis. 1987. Malassezia fungemia in neonates and adults: Complication of hyperalimentation. Rev. Infect. Dis. 9:743-753.

511. Dannaoui, E., F. Persat, M. F. Monier, E. Borel, M. A. Piens, and S. Picot. 1999. In-vitro susceptibility of Aspergillus spp. isolates to amphotericin B and itraconazole. J Antimicrob Chemother. 44:553-555.

512. Darling, S. T. 1909. The morphology of the parasite (Histoplasma capsulatum) and the lesions of histoplasmosis, a fatal disease of tropical America. J. Exp. Med. 11:515-530.

513. Darmstadt, G. L., J. G. Dinulos, and Z. Miller. 2000. Congenital cutaneous candidiasis: clinical presentation, pathogenesis, and management guidelines. Pediatrics. 105:438-44.

514. Darouiche, R. O. 1998. Oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis in immunocompromised patients: Treatment issues. Clin. Infect. Dis. 26:259-274.

515. Darras-Joly, C., S. Chevret, M. Wolff, S. Matheron, P. Longuet, E. Casalino, V. Joly, C. Chochillon, and J. P. Bedos. 1996. Cryptococcus neoformans infection in France: epidemiologic features of and early prognostic parameters for 76 patients who were infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis. 23:369-76.

516. Darrisaw, L., G. Hanson, D. H. Vesole, and S. C. Kehl. 2000. Cunninghamella infection post bone marrow transplant: case report and review of the literature. Bone Marrow Transplant. 25:1213-1216.

517. Darwazah, A., G. Berg, and B. Faris. 1999. Candida parapsilosis: an unusual organism causing prosthetic heart valve infective endocarditis. J Infect. 38:130-1.

518. Dato, V. M., and A. S. Dajani. 1990. Candidemia in children with central venous catheters: role of catheter removal and amphotericin B therapy. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 8:309-314.

519. Davey, K. G., A. Szekely, E. M. Johnson, and D. W. Warnock. 1998. Comparison of a new commercial colorimetric microdilution method with a standard method for in-vitro susceptibility testing of Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans. J Antimicrob Chemother. 42:439-444.

520. de-la-Torre-Lima, J., M. E. Jimenez-Mejias, J. L. de-Francisco, V. Martin-Sanz, J. M. Viciana-Fernandez, and E. Canas-Garcia-Otero. 1993. Candida albicans spondylodiscitis. Med Clin. 100:461-3.

521. De Amicis, E. 1950. Clinical, mycological and pathogenic observations on three cases of otomycosis with Aspergillus versicolor. Boll Mal Orecch Gola Naso. 68:278-325.

522. De Backer, M., C. De Vroey, E. Lesaffre, I. Scheys, and P. De Keyser. 1998. Twelve weeks of continuous oral therapy for toenail onychomycosis caused by dermatophytes: A double-blind comparative trial of terbinafine 250 mg/day versus itraconazole 200 mg/day. J. Amer. Acad. Dermatol. 38:S57-S63.

523. De Bock, R., and A. Z. Middelheim. 2000. Febrile neutropenia in allogeneic transplantation. Int J Antimicrobial Agents. 16:177-180.

524. De Doncker, P., J. Decroix, G. E. Pierard, D. Roelant, R. Woestenborghs, P. Jacqmin, F. Odds, A. Heremans, P. Dockx, and D. Roseeuw. 1996. Antifungal pulse therapy for onychomycosis. A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic investigation of monthly cycles of 1-week pulse therapy with itraconazole. Arch. Dermatol. 132:34-41.

525. de Doncker, P., A. K. Gupta, G. Marynissen, P. Stoffels, and A. Heremans. 1997. Itraconazole pulse therapy for onychomycosis and dermatomycoses: An overview. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 37:969-974.

526. de Gans, J., P. Portegies, G. Tiessens, J. K. Eeftinck Schattenkerk, C. J. van Boxtel, R. J. van Ketel, and J. Stam. 1992. Itraconazole compared with amphotericin B plus flucytosine in AIDS patients with cryptococcal meningitis. Aids. 6:185-90.

527. de Granda, M. E. C., C. Richard, E. Conde, A. Iriondo, F. M. de Lucas, R. Salesa, and A. Zubizarreta. 2001. Endocarditis caused by Scedosporium prolificans after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 20:215-217.

528. De Groote, M. A., R. Bjerke, H. Smith, and I. L. Rhodes. 2000. Expanding Epidemiology of Blastomycosis: Clinical Features and Investigation of 2 Cases in Colorado. Clin Infect Dis. 30:582-584.

529. De Hoog, G. S., B. Bowman, Y. Graser, G. Haase, M. El Fari, A. Van den Ende, B. Melzer-Krick, and W. A. Untereiner. 1998. Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of medically important fungi. Med Mycol. 36:52-56.

530. de Hoog, G. S., A. H. Gerritis van den Ende, J. M. Uijthof, and W. A. Untereiner. 1995. Nutritional physiology of type isolates of currently accepted species of Exophiala and Phaeococcomyces. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 68:43-49.

531. de Hoog, G. S., J. Guarro, J. Gene, and M. J. Figueras. 2000. Atlas of Clinical Fungi, 2nd ed, vol. 1. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

532. de Hoog, G. S., P. Mayser, G. Haase, R. Horre, and A. M. Horrevorts. 2000. A new species, Phialophora europaea, causing superficial infections in humans. Mycoses. 43:409-416.

533. De Hoog, G. S., F. Queiroz-Telles, G. Haase, G. Fernandez-Zeppenfeldt, D. A. Angelis, A. van den Ende, T. Matos, H. Peltroche-Llacsahuanga, A. A. Pizzirani-Kleiner, J. Rainer, N. Richard-Yegres, V. Vicente, and F. Yegres. 2000. Black fungi: clinical and pathogenic approaches. Med Mycol. 38:243-250.

534. De Keyser, P., M. De Backer, D. L. Massart, and K. J. Westelinck. 1994. Two-week oral treatment of tinea pedis, comparing terbinafine (250 mg/day) with itraconazole (100 mg/day): a double-blind, multicentre study. Br J Dermatol. 130 Suppl 43:22-5.

535. de Marie, S., R. Janknegt, and I. A. J. M. Bakker-Woudenberg. 1994. Clinical use of liposomal and lipid-complexed amphotericn B. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 33:907-916.

536. De Pedrini, P., G. Montemurro, A. Tommaselli, and C. Costa. 1988. No effect of ketoconazole on thyroid function of normals and thyrotoxic patients. Int J Tissue React. 10:189-192.

537. De Pedrini, P., A. Tommaselli, and G. Montemurro. 1988. No effect of ketoconazole on thyroid function of normal subjects and hypothyroid patients. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res. 8:485-488.

538. de Repentigny, L., L. D. Marr, J. W. Keller, A. W. Carter, R. J. Kuykendall, L. Kaufman, and E. Reiss. 1985. Comparison of enzyme immunoassay and gas-liquid chormatography for the rapid diagnosis of invasive candidiasis in cancer patients. J. Clin. Microbiol. 21:972-979.

539. de Repentigny, L., and J. Ratelle. 1996. Comparison of itraconazole and ketoconazole in HIV-positive patients with oropharyngeal or esophageal candidiasis.Human Immunodeficiency Virus Itraconazole Ketoconazole Project Group. Chemotherapy. 42:374-83.

540. De Vos, M. M., M. Cuenca-Estrella, T. Boekhout, B. Theelen, N. Matthijs, T. Bauters, H. Nailis, M. A. Dhont, J. L. Rodriguez-Tudela, and H. J. Nelis. 2005. Vulvovaginal candidiasis in a Flemish patient population. Clin Microbiol Infect. 11:1005-11.

541. de Vroey, C., P. Desmet, Z. Q. Li, P. Mukamurangwa, and C. Raes-Wuytack. 1996. Further studies on the in vitro antifungal activity of amorolfine. Mycoses. 39:41-44.

542. de Vroey, C., A. Lasagni, E. Tosi, F. Schroeder, and M. Song. 1992. Onychomycoses due to Microascus cirrosus (syn. M. desmosporus). Mycoses. 35:193-6.

543. De Wit, S., D. Weerts, H. Goossens, and N. Clumeck. 1989. Comparison of fluconazole and ketoconazole for oropharyngeal candidiasis in AIDS. Lancet. 1 (8641):746-748.

544. Dearborn, D. G., I. Yike, W. G. Sorenson, M. J. Miller, and R. A. Etzel. 1999. Overview of investigations into pulmonary hemorrhage among infants in Cleveland, Ohio. Environ Health Perspect. 107 Suppl 3:495-9.

545. Debruyne, D., and J. P. Ryckelynck. 1993. Clinical pharmacokinetics of fluconazole. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 24:10-27.

546. Deeg, H. J., L. G. Lum, J. Sanders, G. J. Levy, K. M. Sullivan, P. Beatty, E. D. Thomas, and R. Storb. 1986. Severe aplastic anemia associated with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Immunologic and hematologic reconstitution after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Transplantation. 41:583-6.

547. Degavre, B., J. M. Joujoux, M. Dandurand, and B. Guillot. 1997. First report of mycetoma caused by Arthrographis kalrae: successful treatment with itraconazole. J Am Acad Dermatol. 37:318-20.

548. Degreef, J. H., and P. R. G. DeDoncker. 1994. Current therapy of dermatophytosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 31:S25-S30.

549. DeGregorio, M. W., W. M. F. Lee, and C. A. Ries. 1982. Candida infections in patients with acute leukemia: ineffectiveness of nystatin prophylaxis and relationship between oropharyngeal and systemic candidiasis. Cancer. 50:2780-2784.

550. Dei-Cas, E. 2000. Pneumocystis infections: the iceberg? Med. Mycol. 38 (Suppl. I):23-32.

551. del Palacio-Hernanz, A., S. Lopez-Gomez, P. Moreno-Palancar, and F. Gonzalez-Lastra. 1989. A clinical double-blind trial comparing amorolfine cream 0.5% (RO-14-4767) with bifonazole cream 1% in the treatment of dermatomycosis. Clin Exp Dermatol. 14:141-144.

552. del Palacio, A., S. Cuetara, and A. Valle. 1998. Terbinafine (Lamisil) therapy for Microsporum canis scalp ringworm. Clin Exp Dermatol. 23:142-143.

553. del Palacio, A., L. Gip, A. Bergstraesser, and M. Zaug. 1992. Dose-finding study of amorolfine cream (0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5%) in the treatment of dermatomycoses. Clin Exp Dermatol. 17 (Suppl 1):50-55.

554. del Palacio, A., S. Lopez-Gomez, M. Garcia-Bravo, S. Cuetara, L. Iglesias-Diez, and A. Rodriguez-Noriega. 1992. Experience with amorolfine in the treatment of dermatomycoses. Dermatology. 184 (Suppl 1):25-29.

555. del Palacio, A., M. Perez-Simon, A. Arribi, A. Valle, S. Perea, and A. Rodriguez-Noriega. 1997. Bipolaris australiensis in a Spanish patient with allergic chronic sinusitis. Rev Iberoam Micol. 14:191-3.

556. del Palacio, A., R. A. Perez, R. Albanil, T. Sotelo, and D. C. Kalter. 1990. Disseminated neonatal trichosporosis associated with the hemophagocytic syndrome. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 9:520-2.

557. del Palacio, A., F. Sanz, M. Garcia-Bravo, C. Gimeno, S. Cuetara, P. Miranda, and A. R-Noriega. 1991. Single dose treatment of vaginal candidosis: randomized comparison of amorolfine (50 mg and 100 mg) and clotrimazole (500 mg) in patients with vulvovaginal candidosis. Mycoses. 34:85-91.

558. Del Poeta, M., W. A. Schell, and J. R. Perfect. 1997. In vitro antifungal activity of pneumocandin L-743,872 against a variety of clinically important molds. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41:1835-1836.

559. del Pozo, M. M., F. Bermejo, J. A. Molina, E. C. de la Fuente, P. Martinez-Martin, and J. Benito-Leon. 1998. Chronic neutrophilic meningitis caused by Candida albicans. Neurologia. 13:362-6.

560. Del Prete, A., G. Sepe, M. Ferrante, C. Loffredo, M. Masciello, and A. Sebastiani. 1994. Fungal keratitis due to Scopulariopsis brevicaulis in an eye previously suffering from herpetic keratitis. Ophthalmologica. 208:333-5.

561. Delescluse, J. 1990. Itraconazole in tinea versicolor: a review. J Am Acad Dermatol. 23:551-4.

562. Dellestable, F., L. Kures, D. Mainard, P. Pere, and A. Gaucher. 1994. Fungal arthritis due to Pseudallescheria boydii (Scedosporium apiospermum). J. Rheumatol. 21:766-768.

563. Delprado, W. J., P. J. Baird, and P. Russell. 1982. Placental candidiasis: report of three cases with a review of the literature. Pathology. 14:191-5.

564. DeMaio, J., and L. Colman. 2000. The use of adjuvant interferon-gamma therapy for hepatosplenic Blastoschizomyces capitatus infection in a patient with leukemia. Clin Infect Dis. 31:822-824.

565. Deng, Z., J. L. Ribas, D. W. Gibson, and D. H. Connor. 1988. Infections caused by Penicillium marneffei in China and Southeast Asia: Review of eighteen published cases and report of four more Chinese cases. Rev. Infect. Dis. 10:640-652.

566. Denning, D. W. 1997. Echinocandins and pneumocandins-a new antifungal class with a novel mode of action. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 40:611-614.

567. Denning, D. W. 1998. Invasive aspergillosis. Clin Infect Dis. 26:781-803.

568. Denning, D. W. 1996. Therapeutic outcome in invasive aspergillosis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 23:608-615.

569. Denning, D. W. 1994. Treatment of invasive aspergillosis. J. Infect. 28 (Suppl. 1):25-33.

570. Denning, D. W., R. W. Armstrong, B. H. Lewis, and D. A. Stevens. 1991. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressures in patients with cryptococcal meningitis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am. J. Med. 91:267-272.

571. Denning, D. W., L. H. Hanson, A. M. Perlman, and D. A. Stevens. 1992. In vitro susceptibility and synergy studies of Aspergillus species to conventional and new agents. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 15:21-34.

572. Denning, D. W., A. Marinus, J. Cohen, D. Spence, R. Herbrecht, L. Pagano, C. Kibbler, V. Kcrmery, F. Offner, C. Cordonnier, U. Jehn, M. Ellis, L. Collette, R. Sylvester, and EORTC Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group. 1998. An EORTC multicentre prospective survey of invasive aspergillosis in haematological patients: Diagnosis and therapeutic outcome. J. Infect. 37:173-180.

573. Denning, D. W., S. A. Radford, K. L. Oakley, L. Hall, E. M. Johnson, and D. W. Warnock. 1997. Correlation between in-vitro susceptibility testing to itraconazole and in-vivo outcome of Aspergillus fumigatus infection. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 40:401-414.

574. Denning, D. W., P. Ribaud, N. Milpied, D. Caillot, R. Herbrecht, E. Thiel, A. Haas, M. Ruhnke, and H. Lode. 2002. Efficacy and safety of voriconazole in the treatment of acute invasive aspergillosis. Clin Infect Dis. 34:563-571.

575. Denning, D. W., and D. A. Stevens. 1990. Antifungal and surgical treatment of invasive aspergillosis: Review of 2,121 published cases. Rev. Infect. Dis. 12:1147-1201.

576. Denning, D. W., R. M. Tucker, L. H. Hanson, J. R. Hamilton, and D. A. Stevens. 1989. Itraconazole therapy for cryptococcal meningitis and cryptococcosis. Arch. Intern. Med. 149:2301-2308.

577. Denning, D. W., R. M. Tucker, L. H. Hanson, and D. A. Stevens. 1989. Treatment of invasive aspergillosis with itraconazole. Am. J. Med. 86:791-800.

578. Denning, D. W., K. Venkateswarlu, K. L. Oakley, M. J. Anderson, N. J. Manning, D. A. Stevens, D. W. Warnock, and S. L. Kelly. 1997. Itraconazole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41:1364-1368.

579. Denning, D. W., and P. Warn. 1999. Dose range evaluation of liposomal nystatin and comparisons with amphotericin B and amphotericin B lipid complex in temporarily neutropenic mice infected with an isolate of Aspergillus fumigatus with reduced susceptibility to amphotericin B. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43:2592-2599.

580. deShazo, R. D., and R. E. Swain. 1995. Diagnostic criteria for allergic fungal sinusitis. Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology. 96:24-35.

581. Deshpande, S. D., and G. V. Koppikar. 1999. A study of mycotic keratitis in Mumbai. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 42:81-7.

582. DeVita, V. T., J. P. Utz, T. Williams, and P. P. Carbone. 1966. Candida meningitis. Arch. Intern. Med. 117:527-535.

583. Dewsnup, D. H., J. N. Galgiani, J. R. Graybill, M. Diaz, A. Rendon, G. A. Cloud, and D. A. Stevens. 1996. Is it ever safe to stop azole therapy for Coccidioides immitis meningitis? Ann. Intern. Med. 124:305-10.

584. Dewsnup, D. H., and D. A. Stevens. 1994. Efficacy of oral amphotericin B in AIDS patients with thrush clinically resistant to fluconazole. J. Med. Vet. Mycol. 32:389-393.

585. Dhindsa, M. K., J. Naidu, S. M. Singh, and S. K. Jain. 1995. Chronic supparative otitis media caused by Paecilomyces variotii. J Med Vet Mycol. 33:59-61.

586. Diamond, D. M., M. Bauer, B. E. Daniel, M. A. E. Leal, D. Johnson, B. K. Williams, A. M. Thomas, J. C. Ding, L. Najvar, J. R. Graybill, and R. A. Larsen. 1998. Amphotericin B colloidal dispersion combined with flucytosine with or without fluconazole for treatment of murine cryptococcal meningitis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42:528-533.

587. Diamond, R. D., and J. E. Bennett. 1973. Disseminated cryptococcosis in man: decreased lymphocyte transformation in response to Cryptococcus neoformans. J Infect Dis. 127:694-7.

588. Diamond, R. D., and J. E. Bennett. 1974. Prognostic factors in cryptococcal meningitis: a study in 111 cases. Ann. Intern. Med. 80:176-181.

589. Diaz, M., R. Negroni, F. Montero-Gei, L. G. Castro, S. A. Sampaio, D. Borelli, A. Restrepo, L. Franco, J. L. Bran, E. G. Arathoon, and et al. 1992. A Pan-American 5-year study of fluconazole therapy for deep mycoses in the immunocompetent host. Pan-American Study Group. Clin Infect Dis. 14 Suppl 1:S68-76.

590. Diaz, M., R. Puente, and M. A. Trevi?o. 1990. Response of long-running Alternaria alternata infection to fluconazole. Lancet. 336:513.

591. Dib, J. C., M. Dube, C. Kelly, M. G. Rinaldi, and J. E. Patterson. 1996. Evaluation of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis as a typing system for Candida rugosa: comparison of karyotype and restriction fragment length polymorphisms. J Clin Microbiol. 34:1494-6.

592. Diebel, L. N., A. M. Raafat, S. A. Dulchavsky, and W. J. Brown. 1996. Gallbladder and biliary tract candidiasis. Surgery. 120:760-4; discussion 764-5.

593. Diekema, D. J., S. A. Messer, R. J. Hollis, R. P. Wenzel, and M. A. Pfaller. 1997. An outbreak of Candida parapsilsosis prosthetic valve endocarditis. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 29:147-153.

594. Dijkmans, B. A. C., M. I. Koolen, R. P. Mouton, M. Falke, P. J. van den Broek, and J. W. M. van der Meer. 1982. Hematogenous Candida vertebral osteomyelitis treated with ketoconazole. Infection. 10:290-292.

595. DiNubile, M. J., R. J. Lupinacci, R. S. Berman, and C. A. Sable. 2002. Response and relapse rates of candidal esophagitis in HIV-infected patients treated with caspofungin. AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovirus. 18:903-908.

596. Dismukes, W. E., R. W. Bradsher, G. C. Cloud, C. A. Kauffman, S. W. Chapman, R. B. George, D. A. Stevens, W. M. Girard, M. S. Saag, C. Bowles-Patton, and the NIAID Mycoses Study Group. 1992. Itraconazole therapy for blastomycosis and histoplasmosis. Am. J. Med. 93:489-497.

597. Dismukes, W. E., G. Cloud, H. A. Gallis, T. M. Kerkering, G. Medoff, P. C. Craven, L. G. Kaplowitz, J. F. Fisher, C. R. Gregg, C. A. Bowles, S. Shadomy, A. M. Stamm, R. B. Diasio, L. Kaufman, S.-J. Soong, W. C. Blackwelder, and National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group. 1987. Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis with combination amphotericin B and flucytosine for four as compared with six weeks. N. Engl. J. Med. 317:334-341.

598. Dismukes, W. E., A. M. Stamm, J. R. Graybill, P. C. Craven, D. A. Stevens, R. L. Stiller, G. A. Sarosi, G. Medoff, C. R. Gregg, H. A. Gallis, B. T. Fields, Jr., R. L. Marier, T. A. Kerkering, L. G. Kaplowitz, G. Cloud, C. Bowles, and S. Shadomy. 1983. Treatment of systemic mycoses with ketoconazole: emphasis on toxicity and clinical response in 52 patients. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases collaborative antifungal study. Ann. Intern. Med. 98:13-20.

599. Dismukes, W. E., J. S. Wade, J. Y. Lee, B. K. Dockery, and J. D. Hain. 1990. A randomized, double-blind trial of nystatin therapy for the candidiasis hypersensitivity syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 323:1717-1725.

600. Dixon, D. L., L. C. Breeding, and T. A. Faler. 1999. Microwave disinfection of denture base materials colonized with Candida albicans. J Prosthet Dent. 81:207-14.

601. Dixon, D. M., A. Casadevall, B. Klein, L. Mendoza, L. Travassos, and G. S. Deepe. 1998. Development of vaccines and their use in the prevention of fungal infections. Med Mycol. 36:57-67.

602. Dixon, D. M., and A. Polak-Wyss. 1991. The medically important dematiaceous fungi and their identification. Mycoses. 34:1-18.

603. Dixon, D. M., G. E. Wagner, S. Shadomy, and H. J. Shadomy. 1978. In vitro comparison of the antifungal activities of R34,000, miconazole and amphotericin B. Chemotherapy. 24:364-7.

604. Dixon, D. M., T. J. Walsh, W. G. Merz, and M. R. McGinnis. 1989. Infections due to Xylohypha bantiana (Cladosporium trichoides). Rev. Infect. Dis. 11:515-525.

605. Doering, T. L., J. D. Nosanchuk, W. K. Roberts, and A. Casadevall. 1999. Melanin as a potential cryptococcal defence against microbicidal proteins. Med Mycol. 37:175-181.

606. Donabedian, H., E. O’Donnell, C. Olszewski, R. D. MacArthur, and N. Budd. 1994. Disseminated cutaneous and meningeal sporotrichosis in an AIDS patient. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 18:111-115.

607. Donahue, S. P., C. M. Greven, J. J. Zuravleff, A. W. Eller, M. H. Nguyen, J. E. Peacock, M. M. Wagener, and V. L. Yu. 1994. Intraocular candidiasis in patients with candidemia: Clinical implications derived from a prospective multicenter study. Ophthalmology. 101:1302-1309.

608. Dornbusch, H. J., C. E. Urban, H. Pinter, G. Ginter, R. Fotter, H. Becker, T. Miorini, and C. Berghold. 1995. Treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in severely neutropenic children with malignant disorders using liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and surgery: report of five cases. Pediatric Hematology & Oncology. 12:577-86.

609. Dotis, J., P. Panagopoulou, J. Filioti, R. Winn, C. Toptsis, C. Panteliadis, and E. Roilides. 2003. Femoral osteomyelitis due to Aspergillus nidulans in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease. Infection. 31:121-124.

610. Doughman, D. J., N. M. Leavenworth, R. C. Campbell, and R. L. Lindstrom. 1982. Fungal keratitis at the University of Minnesota: 1971-1981. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 80:235-47.

611. Douglas, C. M. 2001. Fungal beta(1,3)-D-glucan synthesis. Med Mycol. 39 (Suppl. 1):55-66.

612. Douglas, C. M., J. C. Bowman, G. K. Abruzzo, A. M. Flattery, C. J. Gill, L. Kong, C. Leighton, J. G. Smith, V. B. Pikounis, K. Bartizal, M. B. Kurtz, and H. Rosen. 2000. The glucan synthesis inhibitor caspofungin acetate (Cancidas, MK-0991, L-743872) kills Aspergillus fumigatus hyphal tips in vitro and is efficacious against disseminated aspergillosis in cyclophosphamide-induced chronically leukopenic mice. 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Abstract No. 1683.

613. Downs, A. M. R., J. T. Lear, and C. B. Archer. 1999. Scytalidium hyalinum onychomycosis succesfully treated with 5% amorolfine nail lacquer. Br. J. Dermatol. 140:555.

614. Doyle, M. G., L. K. Pickering, O. B. N, K. Hoots, and J. E. Benson. 1990. Saccharomyces cerevisiae infection in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 9:850-851.

615. Drake, L. A., S. M. Dinehart, E. R. Farmer, R. W. Goltz, G. F. Graham, M. K. Hordinsky, C. W. Lewis, D. M. Pariser, J. W. Skouge, S. B. Webster, D. C. Whitaker, B. Butler, B. J. Lowery, B. E. Elewski, M. L. Elgart, P. H. Jacobs, J. L. Lesher, Jr., and R. K. Scher. 1996. Guidelines of care for superficial mycotic infections of the skin: Pityriasis (tinea) versicolor. Guidelines/Outcomes Committee. American Academy of Dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol. 34:287-9.

616. Drake, L. A., S. M. Dinehart, E. R. Farmer, R. W. Goltz, G. F. Graham, M. K. Hordinsky, C. W. Lewis, D. M. Pariser, J. W. Skouge, S. B. Webster, D. C. Whitaker, B. Butler, B. J. Lowery, B. E. Elewski, M. L. Elgart, P. H. Jacobs, J. L. Lesher, Jr., and R. K. Scher. 1996. Guidelines of care for superficial mycotic infections of the skin: tinea capitis and tinea barbae. Guidelines/Outcomes Committee. American Academy of Dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol. 34:290-4.

617. Drake, L. A., N. H. Shear, J. P. Arlette, R. Cloutier, F. W. Danby, B. E. Elewski, S. Garnis-Jones, J. M. Giroux, D. Gratton, W. Gulliver, P. Hull, H. E. Jones, M. Journet, A. L. Krol, J. J. Leyden, S. C. Maddin, J. B. Ross, R. C. Savin, R. K. Scher, G. R. Sibbald, N. H. Tawfik, N. Zaias, M. Tolpin, S. Evans, J. E. Birnbaum, and et al. 1997. Oral terbinafine in the treatment of toenail onychomycosis: North American multicenter trial. J. Amer. Acad. Dermatol. 37:740-745.

618. Drakos, P. E., A. Nagler, R. Or, E. Naparstek, J. Kapelushnik, D. Engelhard, G. Rahav, D. Ne’emean, and S. Slavin. 1993. Invasive fungal sinusitis in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 12:203-208.

619. Driessen, M., J. B. Ellis, P. A. Cooper, S. Wainer, F. Muwazi, D. Hahn, H. Gous, and F. P. De Villiers. 1996. Fluconazole vs. amphotericin B for the treatment of neonatal fungal septicemia: a prospective randomized trial. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 15:1107-1112.

620. Dromer, F., S. Mathoulin, B. Dupont, O. Brugiere, and L. Letenneur. 1996. Comparison of the efficacy of amphotericin B and fluconazole in the treatment of cryptococcosis in human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients: retrospective analysis of 83 cases. French Cryptococcosis Study Group. Clin Infect Dis. 22 Suppl 2:S154-60.

621. Dromer, F., S. Mathoulin, B. Dupont, A. Laporte, and French Cryptococcosis Study Group. 1996. Epidemiology of cryptococcosis in France: A 9-year survey (1985-1993). Clin. Infect. Dis. 23:82-90.

622. Drouhet, E. 1997. Milestones in the history of Cryptococcus and Cryptococcosis. J Mycologie Medicale. 7:10-27.

623. Drouhet, E., and B. Dupont. 1983. Laboratory and clinical assessment of ketoconazole in deep-seated mycoses. Am. J. Med. 74 (Suppl. 1b):30-47.

624. Drutz, D. J. 1983. Amphotericin B in the treatment of coccidioidomycosis. Drugs. 26:337-46.

625. Drutz, D. J., and A. Catanzaro. 1978. Coccidioidomycosis. Part I. Am Rev Respir Dis. 117:559-85.

626. Drutz, D. J., and A. Catanzaro. 1978. Coccidioidomycosis. Part II. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 117:727-771.

627. Dube, M. P., P. N. R. Heseltine, M. G. Rinaldi, S. Evans, and B. Zawacki. 1994. Fungemia and colonization with nystatin-resistant Candida rugosa in a burn unit. Clin. Infect. Dis. 18:77-82.

628. Ducharme, M. P., R. L. Slaughter, L. H. Warbasse, P. H. Chandrasekar, V. Van de Velde, G. Mannens, and D. J. Edwards. 1995. Itraconazole and hydroxyitraconazole serum concentrations are reduced more than tenfold by phenytoin. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 58:617-24.

629. Duerr, A., M. F. Sierra, J. Feldman, L. M. Clarke, I. Ehrlich, and J. DeHovitz. 1997. Immune compromise and prevalence of Candida vulvovaginitis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women. Obstet Gynecol. 90:252-6.

630. Duffy, P., and D. Lloyd. 1983. Neonatal systemic candidiasis. Archives Children Diseases. 58:318-319.

631. Dunkley, A. B., and I. J. Leslie. 1997. Candida infection of a silicone metacarpophalangeal arthroplasty. J Hand Surg [Br]. 22:423-4.

632. Dupont, B. 1999. Clinical efficacy of amphotericin B colloidal dispersion against infections caused by Candida spp. Chemotherapy. 45:27-33.

633. Dupont, B., and E. Drouhet. 1985. Cutaneous, occular and osteoarticular candidiasis in heroin addicts. J. Infect. Dis. 152:577-591.

634. Dupont, B. F., F. Dromer, and L. Improvisi. 1996. The problem of azole resistance in Candida. J Mycol Med. 6(suppl II):12-19.

635. Duran, J. A., A. Malvar, and M. Pereiro. 1989. Fusarium moniliforme keratitis. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 67:710-3.

636. Durden, F. M., and B. Elewski. 1994. Cutaneous involvement with Cryptococcus neoformans in AIDS. J. Amer. Acad. Dermatol. 30:844-848.

637. Durieu, I., M. Parent, F. Ajana, P. Gosset, D. Smadja, X. Leclerc, Y. Fournier, and D. Leys. 1991. Monosporium apiospermum meningoencephalitis: a clinico-pathological case. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 54:731-3.

638. Duthie, R., and D. W. Denning. 1995. Aspergillus fungemia: Report of two cases and review. Clin. Infect. Dis. 20:598-605.

639. Dvorak, A. M., and B. Gavaller. 1966. Congenital systemic candidiasis. N. Engl. J. Med. 274:540-543.

640. Dworzack, D. L., R. B. Clark, W. J. Borkowski, Jr., D. L. Smith, M. Dykstra, M. P. Pugsley, E. A. Horowitz, T. L. Connolly, D. L. McKinney, M. K. Hostetler, and a. et. 1989. Pseudallescheria boydii brain abscess: association with near-drowning and efficacy of high-dose, prolonged miconazole therapy in patients with multiple abscesses. Medicine. 68:218-24.

641. Dykewicz, C. A., H. W. Jaffe, and J. E. Kaplan. 2000. Guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections among hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients – Recommendations of CDC, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and the American Society of Blood and Marrow Transplation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 6:659-713,715,717-727.

642. Ebright, J. R., P. H. Chandrasekar, S. Marks, M. R. Fairfax, A. Aneziokoro, and M. R. McGinnis. 1999. Invasive sinusitis and cerebritis due to Curvularia clavata in an immunocompetent adult. Clin Infect Dis. 28:687-689.

643. Echavarria, E., E. L. Cano, and A. Restrepo. 1993. Disseminated adiaspiromycosis in a patient with AIDS. J Med Vet Mycol. 31:91-97.

644. Eckstein, C. W., and E. J. Kass. 1982. Anuria in a newborn secondary to bilateral ureteropelvic fungus balls. J Urol. 127:109-10.

645. Edelson, R. N., E. N. McNatt, and R. S. Porro. 1975. Candida meningits with cerebral arteritis. N Y State J Med. 76:900-904.

646. Edmond, M. B., S. E. Wallace, D. K. McClish, M. A. Pfaller, R. N. Jones, and R. P. Wenzel. 1999. Nosocomial bloodstream infections in United States hospitals: A three-year analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 29:239-244.

647. Edwards, C., W. L. Reuther, III, and D. L. Greer. 2000. Disseminated osteoarticular sporotrichosis: Treatment in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency. Southern Med J. 93:803-806.

648. Edwards, J. E., Jr. 1995. Candida species, p. 2289-2306. In J. E. Bennett (ed.), Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, vol. 2. Churchill Livingstone, New York.

649. Edwards, J. E., Jr., G. P. Bodey, R. A. Bowden, T. B?chner, B. E. de Pauw, S. G. Filler, M. A. Ghannoum, M. Glauser, R. Herbrecht, C. A. Kauffman, S. Kohno, P. Martino, F. Meunier, T. Mori, M. A. Pfaller, J. H. Rex, T. R. Rogers, R. H. Rubin, J. Solomkin, C. Viscoli, T. J. Walsh, and M. White. 1997. International conference for the development of a consensus on the management and prevention of severe candidal infections. Clin. Infect. Dis. 25:43-59.

650. Edwards, J. E., Jr., R. Y. Foos, J. Z. Montgomerie, and L. B. Guze. 1974. Ocular manifestations of Candida septicemia: Review of seventy-six cases of hematogenous Candida endophthalmitis. Medicine. 53:47-75.

651. Eggimann, P., P. Francioli, J. Bille, R. Schneider, M.-W. Wu, G. Chapuis, R. Chiolero, A. Pannatier, J. Schilling, S. Geroulanos, M. P. Glauser, and T. Calandra. 1999. Fluconazole prophylaxis prevents intraabdominal candidiasis in high-risk surgical patients. Crit. Care Med. 27:1066-1072.

652. Eisenberg, E. S., I. Leviton, and R. Soeiro. 1986. Fungal peritonitis in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis: experience with 11 patients and review of the literature. Rev. Infect. Dis. 8:309-321.

653. El-Ebiary, M., A. Torres, N. Fabrega, J. Puig de la Bellacasa, J. Gonzalez, J. Ramirez, D. del Bano, C. Hernandez, and M. T. Jimenez de Anta. 1997. Significance of the isolation of Candida species from respiratory samples in critically ill, non-neutropenic patients. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 156:583-590.

654. El Nageeb, S., and R. J. Hay. 1981. Immunoperoxidase staining in the recognition of Aspergillus infections. Histopathology. 5:437-444.

655. Elbaze, P., J. P. Lacour, J. Cottalorda, Y. Le Fichoux, and J. P. Ortonne. 1992. The skin as the possible reservoir for Candida albicans in the oculocutaneous candidiasis of heroin addicts. Acta Derm. Venereol. (Stockh). 72:180-181.

656. Elewski, B. E. 1998. Onychomycosis: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 11:415-429.

657. Elewski, B. E. 2000. Tinea capitis: a current perspective. J Am Acad Dermatol. 42:1-20; quiz 21-4.

658. Elewski, B. E., and M. A. Charif. 1997. Prevalence of onychomycosis in patients attending a dermatology clinic in northeastern Ohio for other conditions. Arch Dermatol. 133:1172-3.

659. Elgamal, E. A., and W. R. Murshid. 2000. Intracavitary administration of amphotericin B in the treatment of cerebral aspergillosis in a non immune-compromised patient: case report and review of the literature. Brit J Neurosurg. 14:137-141.

660. Elidemir, O., G. N. Colasurdo, S. N. Rossmann, and L. L. Fan. 1999. Isolation of Stachybotrys from the lung of a child with pulmonary hemosiderosis. Pediatrics. 104:964-6.

661. Elie, C. M., T. J. Lott, E. Reiss, and C. J. Morrison. 1998. Rapid identification of Candida species with species-specific DNA probes. J Clin Microbiol. 36:3260-3265.

662. Eller, J., J. Ede, and W. Rossdeutscher. 1997. Sputum bacteriology of acute infective exacerbation: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease versus bronchiectasis. Eur Respir J. 9:107.

663. Elliot, G. S., M. S. Whitney, W. Reed, and S. F. Tuite. 1984. Antemorte diagnosis of paecilomycosis in a cat. J Am Vet Med Ass. 1:93-94.

664. Ellis, C. A., and M. L. Spivack. 1967. The significance of candidemia. Ann. Intern. Med. 67:511-522.

665. Ellis, D. 2002. Amphotericin B: spectrum and resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother. 49:7-10.

666. Ellis, M., D. Spence, B. de Pauw, F. Meunier, A. Marinus, L. Collette, R. Sylvester, J. Meis, M. Boogaerts, D. Selleslag, V. Kremery, W. von Sinner, P. MacDonald, C. Doyen, and B. Vandercam. 1998. An EORTC international multicenter randomized trial (EORTC number 19923) comparing two dosages of liposomal amphotericin B for treatment of invasive aspergillosis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 27:1406-1412.

667. Ellison, M. D., R. T. Hung, K. Harris, and B. H. Campbell. 1998. Report of the first case of invasive fungal sinusitis caused by Scopulariopsis acremonium: review of scopulariopsis infections. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 124:1014-6.

668. Eng, R. H. K., P. Sen, K. Browne, and D. B. Louria. 1982. Candida pericarditis. Am. J. Med. 70:867-869.

669. Engelhart, S., A. Loock, D. Skutlarek, H. Sagunski, A. Lommel, H. Farber, and M. Exner. 2002. Occurrence of toxigenic Aspergillus versicolor isolates and sterigmatocystin in carpet dust from damp indoor environments. Appl Environ Microbiol. 68:3886-90.

670. Engelman, R. M., C. D. Williams, T. H. Gouge, R. M. Chase, E. A. Falk, A. D. Boyd, and G. E. Reed. 1973. Mediastinitis following open-heart surgery: review of two years’ experience. Arch. Surg. 107:772-778.

671. England, D. M., and L. Hochholzer. 1993. Adiaspiromycosis: an unusual fungal infection of the lung. Report of 11 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 17:876-886.

672. England, D. M., and L. Hochholzer. 1987. Sporothrix infection of the lung without cutaneous disease: Primary pulmonary sporotrichosis. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med.d. 111:298-300.

673. English, M. P. 1980. Infection of the finger-nail by Pyrenochaeta unguis-hominis. Br J Dermatol. 103:91-3.

674. EORTC International Antimicrobial Therapy Cooperative Group. 1987. Ceftazidime combined with a short or long course of amikacin for empirical therapy of gram-negative bacteremia in cancer patients with granulocytopenia. N Engl J Med. 317:1692-8.

675. EORTC International Antimicrobial Therapy Cooperative Group. 1989. Empiric antifungal therapy in febrile granulocytopenic patients. Am. J. Med. 86:668-672.

676. Eppes, S. C., J. L. Troutman, and L. T. Gutman. 1989. Outcome of treatment of candidemia in children whose central cathers were removed or retained. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 8:99-104.

677. Erdem, H., M. Cetin, T. Timuroglu, A. Cetin, O. Yanar, and A. Pahsa. 2003. Identification of yeasts in public hospital primary care patients with or without clinical vaginitis. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 43:312-6.

678. Ernst, E. J., E. E. Roling, C. R. Petzold, D. J. Keele, and M. E. Klepser. 2002. In vitro activity of micafungin (FK-463) against Candida spp.: Microdilution, time-kill, and postantifungal-effect studies. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46:3846-3853.

679. Ernst, J. F., J. J. Mermod, and L. H. Richman. 1992. Site-specific O-glycosylation of human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor secreted by yeast and animal cells. European Journal of Biochemistry. 203:663-7.

680. Escalante-Glorsky, S., A. I. Youssef, and Y. K. Chen. 1995. Torulopsis glabrata-infected pancreatic pseudocysts. Diagnosis and treatment. J Clin Gastroenterol. 21:230-2.

681. Eschete, M. L., and B. C. West. 1980. Saccharomyces cerevisiae septicemia. Arch. Intern. Med. 140:1539.

682. Escuro, R. S., M. Jacobs, S. L. Gerson, A. R. Machicao, and H. M. Lazarus. 1989. Prospective evaluation of a Candida antigen detection test for invasive candidiasis in immunocompromised adult patients with cancer. Am. J. Med. 87:621-627.

683. Espinel-Ingroff, A. 1998. Comparison of in vitro activities of the new triazole SCH56592 and the echinocandins MK-0991 (L-743,872) and LY303366 against opportunistic filamentous and dimorphic fungi and yeasts. J Clin Microbiol. 36:2950-2956.

684. Espinel-Ingroff, A. 2001. Comparison of the E-test with the NCCLS M38-P method for antifungal susceptibility testing of common and emerging pathogenic filamentous fungi. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39:1360-1367.

685. Espinel-Ingroff, A. 1994. Etest for antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 19:217-220.

686. Espinel-Ingroff, A. 1998. In vitro activities of the new triazole voriconazole (UK-109,496) against opportunistic filamentous and dimorphic fungi and common and emerging yeast pathogens. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36:198-202.

687. Espinel-Ingroff, A. 2001. In vitro fungicidal activities of voriconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin B against opportunistic moniliaceous and dematiaceous fungi. J Clin Microbiol. 39:954-958.

688. Espinel-Ingroff, A., K. Boyle, and D. J. Sheehan. 2001. In vitro antifungal activities of voriconazole and reference agents as determined by NCCLS methods: Review of the literature. Mycopathologia. 150:101-115.

689. Espinel-Ingroff, A., K. Dawson, M. Pfaller, E. Anaissie, B. Breslin, D. Dixon, A. Fothergill, V. Paetznick, J. Peter, M. Rinaldi, and T. Walsh. 1995. Comparative and collaborative evaluation of standardization of antifungal susceptibility testing for filamentous fungi. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39:314-319.

690. Espinel-Ingroff, A., M. Pfaller, M. E. Erwin, and R. N. Jones. 1996. Interlaboratory evaluation of Etest method for testing antifungal susceptibilities of pathogenic yeasts to five antifungal agents by using casitone agar and solidified RPMI 1640 medium with 2% glucose. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:848-852.

691. Espinel-Ingroff, A., M. Pfaller, S. A. Messer, C. C. Knapp, S. Killian, H. A. Norris, and M. A. Ghannoum. 1999. Multicenter comparison of the Sensititre YeastOne Colorimetric Antifungal Panel with the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards M27-A reference method for testing clinical isolates of common and emerging Candida spp., Cryptococcus spp., and other yeasts and yeast-like organisms. J Clin Microbiol. 37:591-595.

692. Esterre, P., C. K. Inzan, E. R. Ramarcel, A. Andriantsimahavandy, M. Ratsioharana, J. L. Pecarrere, and P. Roig. 1996. Treatment of chromomycosis with terbinafine: preliminary results of an open pilot study. Br J Dermatol. 134 Suppl 46:33-6; discussion 40.

693. Estrov, Z., P. Resnitzky, Y. Shenker, A. Berrebi, and N. Hurwitz. 1984. Candidemia and sternal Candida albicans osteomyelitis in a patient with chronic lymphatic leukemia. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences. 20:711-4.

694. Etzel, R. A., E. Montana, W. G. Sorenson, G. J. Kullman, T. M. Allan, D. G. Dearborn, D. R. Olson, B. B. Jarvis, and J. D. Miller. 1998. Acute pulmonary hemorrhage in infants associated with exposure to Stachybotrys atra and other fungi. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 152:757-62.

695. Eubanks, P. J., C. de Virgilio, S. Klein, and F. Bongard. 1993. Candida sepsis in surgical patients. Am. J. Surg. 166:617-620.

696. Eucker, J., O. Sezer, B. Graf, and K. Possinger. 2001. Mucormycoses. Mycoses. 44:253-260.

697. Evans, E. G. V. 1998. Causative pathogens in onychomycosis and the possibility of treatment resistance: A review. J. Amer. Acad. Dermatol. 38:S32-S36.

698. Ewing, G. E., G. J. Bosi, and P. K. Peterson. 1980. Sporothrix schenckii meningitis in a farmer with Hodgkin’s disease. Am. J. Med. 68:455-457.

699. Ezdinli, E. Z., D. D. O’Sullivan, L. P. Wasser, U. Kim, and L. Stutzman. 1979. Oral amphotericin for candidiasis in patients with hematologic neoplasms. An autopsy study. JAMA. 242:258-60.

700. Fader, R. C., and M. R. McGinnis. 1988. Infections caused by dematiaceous fungi: chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2:925-38.

701. Faergemann, J. 1993. Pityriasis versicolor. Semin Dermatol. 12:276-9.

702. Faergemann, J. 1996. The role of yeasts in onychomycosis. Mycoses. 39:223-224.

703. Faergemann, J., N. J. Mork, A. Haglund, and T. Odegard. 1997. A multicentre (double-blind) comparative study to assess the safety and efficacy of fluconazole and griseofulvin in the treatment of tinea corporis and tinea cruris. Br J Dermatol. 136:575-7.

704. Faggi, E., G. Pini, E. Campisi, C. Martinelli, and E. Difonzo. 2005. Detection of Candida dubliniensis in oropharyngeal samples from human immunodeficiency virus infected and non-infected patients and in a yeast culture collection. Mycoses. 48:211-215.

705. Fahal, A. H., and M. A. Hassan. 1992. Mycetoma. Br J Surg. 79:1138-41.

706. Fainstein, V., C. Gilmore, R. L. Hopfer, A. Maksymiuk, and G. P. Bodey. 1982. Septic arthritis due to Candida species on patients with cancer: report of five cases and review of the literature. Rev. Infect. Dis. 4:78-85.

707. Faix, R. G. 1992. Nonsurgical treatment of Candida endocarditis. J. Pediatr. 120:665-666.

708. Faix, R. G. 1984. Systemic Candida infections in infants in intensive care nurseries: High incidence of central nervous system involvement. J. Pediatr. 105:616-622.

709. Faix, R. G., D. J. Finkel, R. D. Andersen, and M. K. Hostetter. 1955. Genotypic analysis of a cluster of systemic Candida albicans infections in a neonatal intensive care unit. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 14:1063-8.

710. Faix, R. G., S. M. Kovarik, T. R. Shaw, and R. V. Johnson. 1989. Mucocutaneous and invasive candidiasis among very low birth weight (less than 1,500 grams) infants in intensive care nurseries: a prospective study. Pediatrics. 83:101-7.

711. Fakih, M. G., G. E. Barden, C. A. Oakes, and C. S. Berenson. 1995. First reported case of Aspergillus granulosus infection in a cardiac transplant patient. J Clin Microbiol. 33:471-3.

712. Falabella, R., and R. Caplan. 1965. Cure of tinea nigra by epidermal stripping. Arch Dermatol. 91:637-638.

713. Fan-Havard, P., C. O’Donovan, S. M. Smith, J. Oh, M. Bamberger, and R. H. K. Eng. 1995. Oral fluconazole versus amphotericin B bladder irrigation for treatment of candidal funguria. Clin. Infect. Dis. 21:960-965.

714. Fanconi, S., R. Seger, P. Joller, C. Issler, and G. Schar. 1982. Intermittent ketoconazole therapy of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis in childhood. Eur J Pediatr. 139:176-80.

715. Farag, A., M. Taha, and S. Halim. 1994. One-week therapy with oral terbinafine in cases of tinea cruris/corporis. Br J Dermatol. 131:684-6.

716. Farina, C., F. Vailati, A. Manisco, and A. Goglio. 1999. Fungaemia survey: a 10-year experience in Bergamo, Italy. Mycoses. 42:543-548.

717. Farley, M. L., M. F. Fagan, L. C. Mabry, and R. J. Wallace, Jr. 1991. Presentation of Sporothrix schenkii in pulmonary cytology specimens. Acta Cytologica. 35:389-95.

718. Farr, R. C., G. Gardner, J. D. Acker, J. M. Brint, L. F. Haglund, M. Land, J. B. Schweitzer, and B. C. West. 1992. Blastomycotic cranial osteomyelitis. Am J Otol. 13:582-6.

719. Farrell, J. B., D. A. Person, M. D. Lidsky, R. L. Hopfer, and D. M. Musher. 1978. Candida tropicalis arthritis – assessment of amphotericin B therapy. J. Rheumatol. 5:267-71.

720. Faucher, J.-F., M.-M. Thiebaut, J. Reynes, and F. Janbon. 1998. Unusual outcome of disseminated candidiasis treated with fluconazole: A matter of pharmacokinetics. Clin. Infect. Dis. 26:197-198.

721. Fazio, R. A., P. C. Wickremesinghe, and E. L. Arsura. 1983. Ketoconazole treatment of Candida esophagitis-A prospective study of 12 cases. Amer. J. Gastroenterol. 78:261-264.

722. Feigal, D. W., M. H. Katz, D. Greenspan, J. Westenhouse, W. Winkelstein, Jr., W. Lang, M. Samuel, S. P. Buchbinder, N. A. Hessol, A. R. Lifson, G. W. Rutherford, A. Moss, D. Osmond, S. Shiboski, and J. S. Greenspan. 1991. The prevalence of oral lesions in HIV-infected homosexual and bisexual men: three San Francisco epidemiological cohorts. AIDS. 5:519-525.

723. Ferguson, B. J. 2000. Mucormycosis of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Otolaryngol Clin N Amer. 33:349-365,IX,X,NIL_5.

724. Fernandez-Guerrero, M. L., P. Ruiz-Barnes, and J. M. Ales. 1987. Postcraniotomy mycetoma of the scalp and osteomyelitis due to Pseudallescheria boydii `letter. J Infect Dis. 156:855.

725. Fernandez-Torres, B., H. Vazquez-Veiga, X. Llovo, M. Pereiro, Jr., and J. Guarro. 2000. In vitro susceptibility to itraconazole, clotrimazole, ketoconazole and terbinafine of 100 isolates of Trichophyton rubrum. Chemotherapy. 46:390-394.

726. Fernandez, M., D. E. Noyola, S. N. Rossmann, and M. S. Edwards. 1999. Cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Curvularia lunata and a review of Curvularia infections in pediatrics. Pediat Inf Dis J. 18:727-731.

727. Ferra, C., B. N. Doebbeling, R. J. Hollis, M. A. Pfaller, L. C. K, and R. D. Gingrich. 1994. Candida tropicalis vertebral osteomyelitis: A late sequela of fungemia. Clin. Infect. Dis. 19:697-703.

728. Fielding, R. M., P. C. Smith, L. H. Wang, J. Porter, and L. S. Guo. 1991. Comparative pharmacokinetics of amphotericin B after administration of a novel colloidal delivery system, ABCD, and a conventional formulation to rats. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 35:1208-1213.

729. Filler, S. G., M. A. Crislip, C. L. Mayer, and J. E. J. Edwards. 1991. Comparison of fluconazole and amphotericin B for treatment of disseminated candidiasis and endophthalmitis in rabbits. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 35:288-292.

730. Fincher, R. M., J. F. Fisher, R. D. Lovell, C. L. Newman, A. Espinel-Ingroff, and H. J. Shadomy. 1991. Infection due to the fungus Acremonium (Cephalosporium). Medicine. 70:398-409.

731. Finkelstein, R., G. Reinhertz, N. Hashman, and D. Merzbach. 1993. Outbreak of Candida tropicalis fungemia in a neonatal intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 14:587-90.

732. Finkelstein, R., P. Singer, and E. Lefler. 1989. Catheter-related fungemia cause by Trichosporon beigelii in non-neutropenic patients. Am. J. Med. 86:133.

733. Finlay, P. M., M. D. Richardson, and A. G. Robertson. 1996. A comparative study of the efficacy of fluconazole and amphotericin B in the treatment of oropharyngeal candidosis in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck tumours. Brit. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 34:23-25.

734. Finquelievich, J. L., F. C. Odds, F. Queiroz-Telles, and L. J. Wheat. 2000. New advances in antifungal treatment. Med Mycol. 38:317-322.

735. Fiore, N. F., J. H. Conway, K. W. West, and M. B. Kleiman. 1998. Saccharomyces cerevisiae infections in children. Pediat Inf Dis J. 17:1177-1179.

736. Fischman, A. J., N. M. Alpert, E. Livni, S. Ray, I. Sinclair, R. J. Callahan, J. A. Correia, D. Webb, H. W. Strauss, and R. H. Rubin. 1993. Pharmacokinetics of 18F-labeled fluconazole in healthy human subjects by positron emission tomography. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37:1270-1277.

737. Fischman, O., P. Godoy, J. Guarro, M. C. Zorat, and L. Zaror. 2000. Fonsecaea pedrosoi as an agent of corneal infection. 14th ISHAM Congress, Abstract No.

738. Fisher, M. C., G. L. Koenig, T. J. White, G. San-Blas, R. Negroni, I. G. Alvarez, B. Wanke, and J. W. Taylor. 2001. Biogeographic range expansion into South America by Coccidioides immitis mirrors New World patterns of human migration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 98:4558-62.

739. Fisher, M. C., G. L. Koenig, T. J. White, and J. W. Taylor. 2002. Molecular and phenotypic description of Coccidioides posadasii sp. nov., previously recognized as the non-California population of Coccidioides immitis. Mycologia. 94:73-84.

740. Fisher, N. C., S. Singhal, S. J. Miller, J. G. M. Hastings, and D. J. Mutimer. 1999. Fungal infection and liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) therapy in liver transplantation: a 2 year review. J Antimicrob Chemother. 43:597-600.

741. Fishman, H. C. 1987. White piedra. Int. J. Dermatol. 26:538.

742. Fitzgerald, E. J., and K. Lyons. 1986. Candida abscess of the pancreas: diagnosis and treatment by computed tomography-guided percutaneous drainage. Br J Radiol. 59:1121-3.

743. Fitzpatrick, T. B., R. A. Johnson, K. Wolf, M. K. Polano, and D. Suurmond. 1997. Candidiasis: Cutaneous Candidiasis, p. 718-727. In M. J. Wonsiewicz (ed.), Color atlas and synposis of clinical dermatology: common and serious diseases. The McGraw-Hill Companies, New York.

744. Flanagan, K. L., and A. D. Bryceson. 1997. Disseminated infection due to Bipolaris australiensis in a young immunocompetent man: case report and review. Clin Infect Dis. 25:311-3.

745. Flappan, S. M., J. Portnoy, P. Jones, and C. Barnes. 1999. Infant pulmonary hemorrhage in a suburban home with water damage and mold (Stachybotrys atra). Environ Health Perspect. 107:927-30.

746. Fletcher, C. L., R. J. Hay, G. Midgley, and M. Moore. 1998. Onychomycosis caused by infection with Paecilomyces lilanicus. Br J Dermatol. 139:1133-1135.

747. Flynn, P. M., C. K. Cunningham, T. Kerkering, A. R. San Jorge, V. B. Peters, P. A. Pitel, J. Harris, G. Gilbert, L. Catagnaro, P. Robinson, and the Multicenter Fluconazole Study Group. 1995. Oropharyngeal candidiasis in immunocompromised children: a randomized, multicenter study of orally administered fluconazole suspension versus nystatin. J. Pediatr. 127:322-328.

748. Flynn, P. M., H. L. Magill, J. J. Jenkins, T. Pearson, W. M. Crist, and W. T. Hughes. 1990. Aspergillus osteomyelitis in a child treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 9:733-736.

749. Fojtasek, M. F., M. B. Kleiman, P. Connolly-Stringfield, R. Blair, and L. J. Wheat. 1994. The Histoplasma capsulatum antigen assay in disseminated histoplasmosis in children. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 13:801-805.

750. Fong, I. W. 1992. The value of treating the sexual partners of women with recurrent vaginal candidiasis with ketoconazole. Genitourin Med. 68:174-6.

751. Foreman, N. K., M. G. Mott, T. M. Parkyn, and G. Moss. 1988. Mycotic intracranial abscesses during induction treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Arch. Dis. Child. 63:436-438.

752. Forrest, G., and R. Redfield. 2002. A 40-year-old man with chronic elbow swelling after minor trauma – Olecronon bursitis due to Scedosporium apiospermum, the anamorphic or asexual state of Pseudallescheria boydii. Clin Infect Dis. 34:354,398-399.

753. Fouassier, M., D. Joly, M. Cambon, H. Peigue-Lafeuille, and P. Condat. 1998. Geotrichum capitatum infection in a neutropenic patient. Case report and literature review. Rev Med Interne. 19:431-433.

754. Foust, R. T. 1996. Infection of a pancreatic pseudocyst due to Candida albicans. South Med J. 89:1104-7.

755. Francis, P., and T. J. Walsh. 1992. Approaches to management of fungal infections in cancer patients. Oncology. 6:133-44.

756. Franco, M., M. T. Peracoli, A. Soares, R. Montenegro, R. P. Mendes, and D. A. Meira. 1993. Host-parasite relationship in paracoccidioidomycosis. Curr Top Med Mycol. 5:115-49.

757. Franklin, W. G., A. B. Simon, and T. M. Sodeman. 1976. Candida myocarditis without valvulitis. Am J Cardiol. 38:924-8.

758. Franzese, A., G. Valerio, S. Di Maio, M. P. Iannucci, A. Bloise, and A. Tenore. 1999. Growth hormone insufficiency in a girl with the autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy [see comments]. J Endocrinol Invest. 22:66-9.

759. Franzot, S. P., and A. Casadevall. 1997. Pneumoncandin L-743,872 enhances the activities of amphotericin B and fluconazole against Cryptococcus neoformans in vitro. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41:331-336.

760. Franzot, S. P., B. C. Fries, W. Cleare, and A. Casadevall. 1998. Genetic relationship between Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans strains of serotypes A and D. J Clin Microbiol. 36:2200-2204.

761. Franzot, S. P., I. F. Salkin, and A. Casadevall. 1999. Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii: Separate varietal status for Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A isolates. J Clin Microbiol. 37:838-840.

762. Fraser, V. J., M. Jones, J. Dunkel, S. Storfer, G. Medoff, and W. C. Dunagan. 1992. Candidemia in a tertiary care hospital: epidemiology, risk factors, and predictors of mortality. Clin. Infect. Dis. 15:414-421.

763. Frater, J. L., G. S. Hall, and G. W. Procop. 2001. Histologic features of zygomycosis – Emphasis on perineural invasion and fungal morphology. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 125:375-378.

764. Frean, J., L. Blumberg, and M. Woolf. 1993. Disseminated blastomycosis masquerading as tuberculosis. J Infect. 26:203-6.

765. Fredenucci, I., M. Chomarat, C. Boucaud, and J. P. Flandrois. 1998. Saccharomyces boulardii fungemia in a patient receiving ultra- levure therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 27:222-223.

766. Fredricks, D. N., J. A. Jolley, P. W. Lepp, J. C. Kosek, and D. A. Relman. 2000. Rhinosporidium seeberi: a human pathogen from a novel group of aquatic protistan parasites. Emerg Infect Dis. 6:273-82.

767. Freeman, J. B., J. W. Wienke, and R. T. Soper. 1974. Candida osteomyelitis associated with intravenous alimentation. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 9:783-784.

768. Frelier, P. F., L. Sigler, and P. E. Nelson. 1985. Mycotic pneumonia caused by Fusarium moniliforme in an alligator. Sabouraudia. 23:399-402.

769. Frenkel, J. K. 1999. Pneumocystis pneumonia, an immunodeficiency-dependent disease: a critical historical overview. J Eukaryot Microbiol. 46 (Suppl.):89-92.

770. Frenkel, L., and Y. J. Bryson. 1987. Ontogeny of phytohemagglutinin-induced gamma interferon by leukocytes of healthy infants and children: evidence for decreased production in infants younger than 2 months of age. J Pediatr. 111:97-100.

771. Frerich, W., and A. Gad. 1977. The frequency of Candida infections in pregnancy and their treatment with clotrimazole. Curr Med Res Opin. 4:640-4.

772. Fridkin, S. K., and W. R. Jarvis. 1996. Epidemiology of nosocomial fungal infections. Clin Microbiol Rev. 9:499-511.

773. Fridkin, S. K., D. Kaufman, J. R. Edwards, S. Shetty, and T. Horan. 2006. Changing incidence of Candida bloodstream infections among NICU patients in the United States: 1995-2004. Pediatrics. 117:1680-1687.

774. Frieden, I. J. 1999. Tinea capitis: asymptomatic carriage of infection. Pediat Inf Dis J. 18:186-188.

775. Friedlander, S. F. 1999. The evolving role of itraconazole, fluconazole and terbinafine in the treatment of tinea capitis. Pediat Inf Dis J. 18:205-210.

776. Friedman, A. H. 1998. Cerebral fungal infections in the immunocompromised host: A literature review and a new pathogen – Chaetomium atrobrunneum: Case report – Comment. Neurosurgery. 43:1469.

777. Friedman, D. S., J. V. Schoster, J. P. Pickett, R. R. Dubielzig, C. Czuprynski, J. S. Knoll, and L. J. Wolfgram. 1989. Pseudallescheria boydii keratomycosis in a horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 195:616-8.

778. Fryen, A., P. Mayser, H. Glanz, R. Fussle, H. Breithaupt, and G. S. de Hoog. 1999. Allergic fungal sinusitis caused by Bipolaris (Drechslera) hawaiiensis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 256:330-4.

779. Fujimura, M., Y. Ishiura, K. Kasahara, T. Amemiya, S. Myou, Y. Hayashi, Y. Watanabe, E. Takazakura, A. Nonomura, and T. Matsuda. 1998. Necrotizing bronchial aspergillosis as a cause of hemoptysis in sarcoidosis. Am J Med Sci. 315:56-8.

780. Fujita, H., H. Masuda, T. Nakajima, K. Yada, M. Watanabe, and Y. Kagitani. 1995. [Protective effect of human macrophage colony-stimulating factor on fungal infection (2). In vitro effect of human macrophage colony-stimulating factor on systemic aspergillosis and in vitro effect on the activities of macrophage]. Kansenshogaku Zasshi – Journal of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases. 69:582-9.

781. Fujita, N. K., M. Reynard, F. L. Sapico, L. B. Guze, and J. E. Edwards. 1981. Cryptococcal intracerebral mass lesions: the role of computed tomography and nonsurgical management. Ann. Intern. Med. 94:382-388.

782. Fujita, S. I., and T. Hashimoto. 1992. Detection of serum Candida antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a latex agglutination test with anti-Candida albicans and anti-Candida krusei antibodies. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 1990:32-45.

783. Fukasawa, N., and K. Shirakura. 1997. Candida arthritis after total knee arthroplasty–a case of successful treatment without prosthesis removal. Acta Orthop Scand. 68:306-7.

784. Fukushiro, R. 1983. Chromomycosis in Japan. Int J Derm. 22:221-229.

785. Fung-Tomc, J. C., E. Huczko, B. Minassian, and D. P. Bonner. 1998. In vitro activity of a new orial triazole, BMS-207147 (ER-30346). Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42:313-318.

786. Fung-Tomc, J. C., B. Minassian, E. Huczko, B. Kolek, D. P. Bonner, and R. E. Kessler. 1995. In vitro antifungal and fungicidal spectra of a new pradimicin derivative, BMS-181184. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39:295-300.

787. Fung, F., R. Clark, and S. Williams. 1998. Stachybotrys, a mycotoxin-producing fungus of increasing toxicologic importance. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 36:629-631.

788. Fung, J. C., S. T. Donta, and R. C. Tilton. 1986. Candida detection system (CAND-TEC) to differentiate between Candida albicans colonizations and disease. J. Clin. Microbiol. 24:542-547.

789. Gadallah, M. F., R. White, M. A. el-Shahawy, F. Abreo, A. Oberle, and J. Work. 1995. Peritoneal dialysis complicated by Bipolaris hawaiiensis peritonitis: successful therapy with catheter removal and oral itraconazol without the use of amphotericin-B. American Journal of Nephrology. 15:348-52.

790. Gagneur, A., J. Sizun, E. Vernotte, L. de Parscau, D. Quinio, A. M. Le Flohic, and R. Baron. 2001. Low rate of Candida parapsilosis-related colonization and infection in hospitalized preterm infants: a one-year prospective study. J Hosp Infect. 48:193-197.

791. Gaines, J. D., and J. S. Remington. 1973. Diagnosis of deep infection with Candida: a study of Candida precipitins. Arch. Intern. Med. 132:699-702.

792. Gaines, J. D., and J. S. Remington. 1972. Disseminated candidasis in the surgical patient. Surgery. 72:730-736.

793. Galgiani, J. N. 1993. Coccidioidomycosis. West. J. Med. 159:153-171.

794. Galgiani, J. N. 1999. Coccidioidomycosis: A regional disease of national importance – Rethinking approaches for control. Ann. Intern. Med. 130:293-300.

795. Galgiani, J. N., N. M. Ampel, A. Catanzaro, R. H. Johnson, D. A. Stevens, and P. L. Williams. 2000. Practice guidelines for the treatment of coccidioidomycosis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 30:658-661.

796. Galgiani, J. N., G. A. Cloud, A. Catanzaro, R. H. Johnson, L. F. Mirels, D. A. Stevens, P. L. Williams, P. K. Sharkey, V. Singh, R. A. Larsen, K. L. Delgado, C. Flanagan, and NIAID – Mycoses Study Group. 2000. A comparison of oral fluconazole or itraconazole for progressive, nonmeningeal coccidioidomycosis. Ann. Intern. Med. 133:676-686.

797. Galgiani, J. N., and M. L. Lewis. 1997. In vitro studies of activities of the antifungal triazoles SCH 56592 and itraconazole against Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and other pathogenic yeasts. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41:180-183.

798. Galgiani, J. N., D. A. Stevens, J. R. Graybill, W. E. Dismukes, and G. A. Cloud. 1988. Ketoconazole therapy of progressive coccidioidomycosis: Comparison of 400- and 800-mg doses and observations at higher doses. Am. J. Med. 84:603-610.

799. Galgiani, J. N., D. A. Stevens, J. R. Graybill, D. L. Stevens, A. J. Tillinghast, and H. B. Levine. 1984. Pseudallescheria boydii infections treated with ketoconazole. Clinical evaluations of seven patients and in vitro susceptibility results. Chest. 86:219-224.

800. Galimberti, R., A. Kowalczuk, I. H. Parra, M. G. Ramos, and V. Flores. 1998. Cutaneous aspergillosis: a report of six cases. Brit J Dermatol. 139:522-526.

801. Gallis, H. A., R. H. Drew, and W. W. Pickard. 1990. Amphotericin B: 30 years of clinical experience. Rev. Infect. Dis. 12:308-329.

802. Garau, J., R. D. Diamond, L. B. Lagrotteria, and S. A. Kabins. 1977. Alternaria osteomyelitis [letter]. Ann. Intern. Med. 86:747-8.

803. Garbino, J., L. Kolarova, D. Lew, B. Hirschel, and P. Rohner. 2001. Fungemia in HIV-infected patients: A 12-year study in a tertiary care hospital. Aids Patient Care Stds. 15:407-410.

804. Garbino, J., D. Lew, J.-A. Romand, R. Auckenthaler, and D. Pittet. 2000. Prevention of severe Candida infections in non-neutropenic, high-risk, critically ill patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. 9th International Congress on Infectious Diseases, Abstract No. 58.004 (Previously published in part as Garbino J, Lew D, Romand J-A, Auckenthaler R, Suter P, Pittet D. Fluconazole prevents severe Candida spp. infections in high-risk critically ill patients. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1997, Abstract No. LM-23b).

805. Garcia-Diaz, J. B., L. Palau, and G. A. Pankey. 2001. Resolution of rhinocerebral zygomycosis associated with adjuvant administration of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Clin Infect Dis. 32:E166-E170.

806. Garcia-Martos, P., J. Gene, M. Sole, J. Mira, R. Ruiz-Henestrosa, and J. Guarro. 1999. Case of onychomycosis caused by Microsporum racemosum. J Clin Microbiol. 37:258-260.

807. Garcia, J. A., C. W. Ingram, and D. Granger. 1990. Persistent neutrophilic meningitis due to Pseudallescheria boydii `letter; comment. Rev Infect Dis. 12:959-60.

808. Garelick, J. M., A. J. Khodabakhsh, Y. Lopez, M. Bamji, and M. Lister. 2004. Scleral ulceration caused by Cryptococcus albidus in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Cornea. 23:730-1.

809. Gariano, R. F., and R. E. Kalina. 1997. Posttraumatic fungal endophthalmitis resulting from Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. Retina. 17:256-8.

810. Garnacho-Montero, J., C. Ortiz-Leyba, J. L. G. Garmendia, and F. J. J. Jimenez. 1998. Life-threatening adverse event after amphoterin B lipid complex treatment in a patient treated previously with amphoterin B deoxycholate. Clin. Infect. Dis. 26:1016.

811. Garrett, D. O., E. Jochimsen, and W. Jarvis. 1999. Invasive Aspergillus spp infections in rheumatology patients. J Rheumatol. 26:146-149.

812. Gartenberg, G., E. J. Bottone, G. T. Keusch, and I. Weitzman. 1978. Hospital-azquired mucormycosis (Rhizopus rhizopodiformis) of skin and subcutaneous tissue: Epidemiogy, mycology, and treatment. N. Engl. J. Med. 299:1115-1118.

813. Gatenby, P., A. Basten, and E. Adams. 1980. Thymoma and late onset mucocutaneous candidiasis associated with a plasma inhibitor of cell-mediated immune function. J Clin Lab Immunol. 3:209-16.

814. Gathe, J. G. J., R. L. Harris, B. Garland, M. W. Bradshaw, and T. W. Williams. 1987. Candida osteomyelitis: report of five cases and review of the literature. Am. J. Med. 82:927-937.

815. Gaviria, J. M., L. A. Grohskopf, R. Barnes, and R. K. Root. 1999. Successful treatment of rhinocerebral zygomycosis: A combined- strategy approach. Clin Infect Dis. 28:160-161.

816. Geers, T. A., and S. M. Gordon. 1999. Clinical significance of Candida species isolated from cerebrospinal fluid following neurosurgery. Clin. Infect. Dis. 28:1139-1147.

817. Gefter, W. B. 1992. The spectrum of pulmonary aspergillosis. Journal of Thoracic Imaging. 7:56-74.

818. Geiger, A. M., B. Foxman, and J. D. Sobel. 1995. Chronic vulvovaginal candidiasis: characteristics of women with Candida albicans, C. glabrata, and no candida. Genitourin. Med. 71:304-307.

819. Gene, J., A. Azon-Masoliver, J. Guarro, G. De Febrer, A. Martinez, C. Grau, M. Ortoneda, and F. Ballester. 2001. Cutaneous infection caused by Aspergillus ustus, an emerging opportunistic fungus in immunosuppressed patients. J Clin Microbiol. 39:1134-1136.

820. Gen?, J., J. M. Guillam?n, K. Ulfig, and J. Guarro. 1996. Studies on keratinophilic fungi. X. Arthrographis alba sp. nov. Can. J. Microbiol. 42:1185-1189.

821. Gener, F. A., S. Kustimur, N. Sultan, and A. Sever. 1991. `Fungus-induced arthritis caused by Scedosporium apiospermum (Pseudallescheria Boydii). Z Rheumatol. 50:219-21.

822. Gentry, L. O., T. R. McNitt, and L. Kaufman. 1978. Use and value of serologic tests for the diagnosis of systemic candidiasis in cancer patients: a prospective study of 146 patients. Cureent Microbiology. 1:239-242.

823. Gentry, L. O., M. M. Nasser, and M. Kielhofner. 1995. Scopulariopsis endocarditis associated with Duran ring valvuloplasty. Tex Heart Inst J. 22:81-5.

824. Gentry, L. O., I. D. Wilkinson, A. S. Lea, and M. F. Price. 1983. Latex agglutination test for detection of Candida antigen in atients with disseminated disease. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 2:122-128.

825. Georgopoulos, A., G. Petranyi, H. Mieth, and J. Drews. 1981. In vitro activity of naftifine, a new antifungal agent. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 19:386-9.

826. Geraci, J. E., F. E. Donoghue, F. H. Ellis, Jr., D. M. Witten, and L. A. Weed. 1965. Focal pulmonary cryptococcosis: Evaluation of necessity of amphotericin B therapy. Mayo Clin. Proc. 40:552-559.

827. Gerle, R. D. 1973. Roentgenographic features of primary renal candidiasis. Fungus ball of the renal pelvis and ureter. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med. 119:731-8.

828. Germain, M., M. Gourdeau, and J. Hebert. 1994. Case report: familial chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis complicated by deep candida infection. Am J Med Sci. 307:282-3.

829. Germaud, P., and E. Tuchais. 1995. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis treated with itraconazole. Chest. 107:883.

830. Gerson, S. L., G. H. Talbot, S. Hurwitz, B. L. Strom, E. J. Lusk, and P. A. Cassileth. 1984. Prolonged granulocytopenia: the major risk factor for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with acute leukemia. Ann. Intern. Med. 100:345-351.

831. Gerstenhaber, B. J., B. Weiner, R. Morecki, R. Bernstein, and S. Luftschein. 1977. “Allergic” cryptococcal pneumonia. Lung. 154:195-9.

832. Ghannoum, M. A. 2000. Potential role of phospholipases in virulence and fungal pathogenesis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 13:122-143,CP3.

833. Ghannoum, M. A., and B. Elewski. 1999. Successful treatment of fluconazole-resistant oropharyngeal candidiasis by a combination of fluconazole and terbinafine. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 6:921-923.

834. Ghannoum, M. A., A. S. Ibrahim, Y. Fu, M. C. Shafiq, J. E. Edwards, and R. S. Criddle. 1992. Susceptibility testing of Cryptococcus neoformans: a microdilution technique. J. Clin. Microbiol. 30:2881-2886.

835. Ghannoum, M. A., I. Okogbule-Wonodi, N. Bhat, and H. Sanati. 1999. Antifungal activity of voriconazole (UK-109,496), fluconazole and amphotericin B against hematogenous Candida krusei infection in neutropenic guinea pig model. J Chemotherapy. 11:34-39.

836. Ghannoum, M. A., and L. B. Rice. 1999. Antifungal agents: Mode of action, mechanisms of resistance, and correlation of these mechanisms with bacterial resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev. 12:501-517.

837. Gilbert, H. M., E. D. Peters, S. J. Lang, and B. J. Hartman. 1996. Successful treatment of fungal prosthetic valve endocarditis: Case report and review. Clin. Infect. Dis. 22:348-354.

838. Gilgor, R. S., J. P. Tindall, and M. Elson. 1971. Lupus-erythematosus-like tinea of the face (tinea faciale). JAMA. 215:2091-4.

839. Gillespie, M. B., and B. W. O’Malley. 2000. An algorithmic approach to the diagnosis and management of invasive fungal rhinosinusitis in the immunocompromised patient. Otolaryngol Clin N Amer. 33:323-334,IX.

840. Ginarte, M., M. Pereiro, Jr., V. Fernandez-Redondo, and J. Toribio. 2000. Case Reports. Pityriasis amiantacea as manifestation of tinea capitis due to Microsporum canis [letter]. Mycoses. 43:93-6.

841. Ginarte, M., M. Pereiro, Jr., V. Fernandez-Redondo, and J. Toribio. 1996. Plantar infection by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. Dermatology. 193:149-51.

842. Gip, L. 1994. Black piedra: the first case treated with terbinafine (Lamisil). Br J Dermatol. 130 Suppl 43:26-8.

843. Gips, M., M. Halpern, and Y. Wolloch. 1992. Acalculous Candida cholecystitis. Eur J Surg. 158:251-2.

844. Girmenia, C., A. P. Lori, F. Boecklin, A. Torosantucci, P. Chiani, P. De Fabritiis, F. Taglietti, A. Cassone, and P. Martino. 1999. Fusarium infections in patients with severe aplastic anemia: review and implications for management. Haematologica. 84:114-118.

845. Girmenia, C., P. Martino, F. De Bernardis, G. Gentile, M. Boccanera, M. Monaco, G. Antonucci, and A. Cassone. 1996. Rising incidence of C. parapsilosis fungemia in patients with hematologic malignancies: Clinical aspects, predisposing factors, and differential pathogenicity of the causative strains. Clin. Infect. Dis. 23:506-514.

846. Girmenia, C., A. Micozzi, M. Venditti, G. Meloni, A. P. Iori, S. Bastianello, and P. Martino. 1991. Fluconazole treatment of Blastoschizomyces capitatus meningitis in an allogeneic bone marrow recipient. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 10:752-756.

847. Giusiano, G. E., M. Mangiaterra, F. Rojas, and V. Gomez. 2004. Yeasts species distribution in Neonatal Intensive Care Units in northeast Argentina. Mycoses. 47:300-3.

848. Glaser, J. B., and A. Garden. 1985. Inoculation of cryptococcosis without transmission of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med. 313:266.

849. Glasmacher, A., C. Hahn, E. Molitor, G. Marklein, T. Sauerbruch, and I. G. H. Schmidt-Wolf. 1999. Itraconazole trough concentrations in antifungal prophylaxis with six different dosing regimens using hydroxypropyl-beta- cyclodextrin oral solution or coated-pellet capsules. Mycoses. 42:591-600.

850. Glasmacher, A., C. Hahn, E. Molitor, T. Sauerbruch, G. Marklein, and I. G. H. Schmidt-Wolf. 2000. Definition of an itraconazole target concentration for antifungal prophylaxis. 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Abstract No. 700.

851. Glassman, B. D., and J. J. Muglia. 1993. Widespread erythroderma and desquamation in a neonate. Congenital cutaneous candidiasis (CCC). Arch. Dermatol. 129:897-902.

852. Glimp, R. A., and A. S. Bayer. 1983. Pulmonary aspergilloma. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. Arch Intern Med. 143:303-8.

853. Gluck, J. L., J. P. Myers, and L. M. Pass. 1987. Cryptococcemia due to Cryptococcus albidus. South Med J. 80:511-3.

854. Gokahmetoglu, S., A. Nedret Koc, T. Gunes, and N. Cetin. 2002. Case reports. Trichosporon mucoides infection in three premature newborns. Mycoses. 45:123-5.

855. Goldacre, M. J., B. Watt, N. Loudon, L. J. Milne, J. D. Loudon, and M. P. Vessey. 1979. Vaginal microbial flora in normal young women. Br Med J. 1:1450-5.

856. Goldani, L. Z., V. R. Aquino, and A. A. Dargel. 1999. Disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis in an AIDS patient receiving maintenance therapy with fluconazole for previous cryptococcal meningitis. Clin Infect Dis. 28:1337-1338.

857. Goldani, L. Z., D. E. Craven, and A. M. Sugar. 1995. Central venous catheter infection with Rhodotorula minuta in a patient with AIDS taking suppressive doses of fluconazole. J Med Vet Mycol. 33:267-70.

858. Goldani, L. Z., C. Klock, A. Diehl, A. C. Monteiro, and A. L. Maia. 2000. Histoplasmosis of the thyroid. J Clin Microbiol. 38:3890-3891.

859. Goldberg, P. K., P. J. Kozinn, G. J. Wise, N. Nouri, and R. B. Brooks. 1979. Incidence and significance of candiduria. J. Infect. Dis. 241:582-584.

860. Goldberg, S. L., D. J. Geha, W. F. Marshall, D. J. Inwards, and H. C. Hoagland. 1993. Successful treatment of simultaneous pulmonary Pseudallescheria boydii and Aspergillus terreus infection with oral itraconazole. Clin Infect Dis. 16:803-5.

861. Goldblum, D., B. E. Frueh, S. Zimmerli, and M. Bohnke. 2000. Treatment of postkeratitis fusarium endophthalmitis with amphotericin B lipid complex [In Process Citation]. Cornea. 19:853-6.

862. Goldie, S. J., L. Kiernan-Tridle, C. Torres, N. Gorban-Brennan, D. Dunne, A. S. Kliger, and F. O. Finkelstein. 1996. Fungal peritonitis in a large chronic peritoneal dialysis population: a report of 55 episodes. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 28:86-91.

863. Goldman, D. L., H. Khine, J. Abadi, D. J. Lindenberg, L. Pirofski, R. Niang, and A. Casadevall. 2001. Serologic evidence for Cryptococcus neoformans infection in early childhood. Pediatrics. 107:E66: NIL_10-NIL_15.

864. Goldman, M., G. A. Cloud, M. Smedema, A. LeMonte, P. Connolly, D. S. McKinsey, C. A. Kauffman, B. Moskovitz, and L. J. Wheat. 2000. Does long-term itraconazole prophylaxis result in in vitro azole resistance in mucosal Candida albicans isolates from persons with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection? Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:1585-1587.

865. Gomez-Mateos, J. M., A. Sanchez Porto, D. Martinez Parra, A. Royo Balbontin, A. Lesmes Serrano, and J. Aguilar Luque. 1988. Disseminated candidiasis and gangrenous cholecystitis due to Candida spp. J Infect Dis. 158:653-4.

866. Gonzalez, C. E., D. R. Couriel, and T. J. Walsh. 1997. Disseminated zygomycosis in a neutropenic patient: Successful treatment with amphotericin B lipid complex and granuloyte colony-stimulating factor. Clin. Infect. Dis. 24:192-196.

867. Gonzalez Dieguez, C. C., V. Barrios Alonso, H. Torrealday Taboada, A. Tamariz Martel, T. Hellin Sanz, J. M. Brito Perez, and M. Quero Jimenez. 1992. Intracardiac mycetoma induced by central catheterization. An Esp Pediatr. 37:63-5.

868. Gonzalez, G. M., R. Tijerina, L. K. Najvar, R. Bocanegra, M. Luther, M. G. Rinaldi, and J. R. Graybill. 2001. Correlation between antifungal susceptibilities of Coccidioides immitis in vitro and antifungal treatment with caspofungin in a mouse model. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45:1854-1859.

869. Goodman, J. S., L. Kaufman, and M. G. Koenig. 1971. Diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis. Value of immunologic detection of cryptococcal antigen. N Engl J Med. 285:434-6.

870. Goodrich, J. M., E. C. Reed, M. Mori, L. D. Fisher, S. Skerrett, P. S. Damdliker, B. Klis, G. W. Counts, and J. D. Meyers. 1991. Clinical features and analysis of risk factors for invasive candidal infection after marrow transplantation. J. Infect. Dis. 164:731-40.

871. Goodwin, R. A., Jr., F. T. Owens, J. D. Snell, W. W. Hubbard, R. D. Buchanan, R. T. Terry, and R. M. Des Prez. 1976. Chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis. Medicine. 55:413-452.

872. Goodwin, R. A., J. L. Shapiro, G. H. Thurman, S. S. Thurman, and R. M. Des Prez. 1980. Disseminated histoplasmosis: Clinical and pathologic correlations. Medicine. 59:1-33.

873. Goodwin, S. D., J. D. Cleary, C. A. Walawander, J. W. Taylor, and T. H. Grasela, Jr. 1995. Pretreatment regimens for adverse events related to infusion of amphotericin B. Clin. Infect. Dis. 20:755-761.

874. Gordon, G., and N. A. Giddings. 1994. Invasive otitis externa due to Aspergillus species: Case report and review. Clin. Infect. Dis. 19:866-870.

875. Gordon, M. A., I. F. Salkin, and W. B. Stone. 1975. Phoma (Peyronellaea) as a zoopathogen. Sabouraudia. 13:329-333.

876. Gordonson, J., W. Birnbaum, G. Jacobson, and E. N. Sargent. 1974. Pulmonary cryptococcosis. Radiology. 112:557-561.

877. Gorell, J. M., W. A. Palutke, and J. L. Chason. 1979. Candida pachymeningitis with multiple cranial nerve pareses. Arch. Neurol. 36:719-720.

878. Gori, S., E. Drohuet, E. Gueho, M. Huerre, A. Lofaro, M. Parenti, and B. Dupont. 1998. Cutaneous disseminated mycosis in a patient with AIDS due to a new dimorphic fungus. J Mycol Med. 8:57-63.

879. Gori, S., A. Lupetti, G. Moscato, M. Parenti, and A. Lofaro. 1997. Pulmonary sporotrichosis with hyphae in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient. A case report. Acta Cytologica. 41:519-521.

880. Gottsch, J. D., M. L. Gilbert, D. F. Goodman, M. E. Sulewski, J. D. Dick, and W. J. Stark. 1991. Excimer laser ablative treatment of microbial keratitis. Ophthalmology. 98:146-9.

881. Gould, E., W. P. Kory, J. B. Raskin, M. J. Ibe, and D. E. Redlhammer. 1988. Esophageal biopsy findings in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): clinicopathologic correlation in 20 patients. South Med J. 81:1392-5.

882. Gradon, J. D., A. Lerman, and L. I. Lutwick. 1990. Septic arthritis due to Fusarium moniliforme. Rev Infect Dis. 12:716-7.

883. Graham, D. R., and H. M. Frost. 1973. Candida guilliermondi infection of the knee complicating rheumatoid arthritis: a case report. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 18:272-277.

884. Grainger, C. R. 1986. White piedra: a case with evidence of spread by contact. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 80:87.

885. Graser, Y., A. F. A. Kuijpers, M. El Fari, W. Presber, and G. S. De Hoog. 2000. Molecular and conventional taxonomy of the Microsporum canis complex. Med Mycol. 38:143-153.

886. Grauer, M. E., C. Bokemeyer, W. Bautsch, M. Freund, and H. Link. 1994. Successful treatment of a Trichosporon beigelii septicemia in a granulocytopenic patient with amphotericin B and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Infection. 22:283-6.

887. Grauer, M. E., C. Bokemeyer, T. Welte, M. Freund, and H. Link. 1993. Successful treatment of Mucor pneumonia in a patient with relapsed lymphoblastic leukemia after bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 12:421-424.

888. Gray, L. D., and G. D. Roberts. 1988. Experience with the use of pronase to eliminate interference factors in the latex agglutination test for cryptococcal antigen. J Clin Microbiol. 26:2450-1.

889. Graybill, J. R., and R. H. Alford. 1974. Cell-mediated immunity in Cryptococcosis. Cell Immunol. 14:12-21.

890. Graybill, J. R., R. Bocanegra, L. K. Najvar, M. F. Luther, and D. Loebenberg. 1998. Posaconazole treatment of murine invasive aspergillosis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 42:539-542.

891. Graybill, J. R., S. Hernandez, R. Bocanegra, and L. K. Najvar. 2004. Antifungal therapy of murine Aspergillus terreus infection. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48:3715-3719.

892. Graybill, J. R., J. H. Herndon, Jr., W. T. Kniker, and H. B. Levine. 1980. Ketoconazole treatment of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Arch Dermatol. 116:1137-41.

893. Graybill, J. R., and J. Sobel. 2000. The role of lumbar puncture in the management of elevated intracranial pressure in patients with AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis – Reply. Clin Infect Dis. 31:1310-1311.

894. Graybill, J. R., J. Sobel, M. Saag, C. van der Horst, W. Powderly, G. Cloud, L. Riser, R. Hamill, and W. Dismukes. 2000. Diagnosis and management of increased intracranial pressure in patients with AIDS and cryptococcal meningitis. Clin Infect Dis. 30:47-54.

895. Graybill, J. R., J. Vazquez, R. O. Darouiche, R. Morhart, D. Greenspan, C. Tuazon, L. J. Wheat, J. Carey, I. Leviton, R. G. Hewitt, R. R. MacGregor, W. Valenti, M. Restrepo, and B. L. Moskovitz. 1998. Randomized trial of itraconazole oral solution for oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV/AIDS patients. Am. J. Med. 104:33-39.

896. Green, G. S., W. V. Leary, and G. Sanchez. 1969. Disseminated North American blastomycosis: report of a fatal case of four weeks’ duration, imitating bronchogenic carcinoma. South Med J. 62:202-6.

897. Green, L., B. Petersen, L. Steimel, P. Haeber, and W. Current. 1994. Rapid determination of antifungal activity by flow cytometry. J. Clin. Microbiol. 32:1088-1091.

898. Greenfield, R. A., M. J. Bussey, J. L. Stephens, and J. M. Jones. 1983. Serial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for antibody to Candida antigens during induction chemotherapy for acute leukemia. J. Infect. Dis. 148:275-283.

899. Greenspan, D. 1994. Treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-positive patients. J. Amer. Acad. Dermatol. 31 (Suppl. 2):S51-S55.

900. Greer, D. L., J. Weiss, D. A. Rodriguez, A. A. Hebert, and J. M. Swinehart. 1997. A randomized trial to assess once-daily topical treatment of tinea corporis with butenafine, a new antifungal agent. J Am Acad Dermatol. 37 (2 pt 1):231-235.

901. Gregory, M. C., G. B. Schumann, J. L. Schumann, and J. C. Argyle. 1984. The clinical significance of candidal casts. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 4:179-194.

902. Grewe, M., G. G. Tsiotos, E. L. de-Leon, and M. G. Sarr. 1999. Fungal infection in acute necrotizing pancreatitis. J Amer Coll Surgeons. 188:408-414.

903. Grieble, H. G., J. W. Rippon, N. Maliwan, and V. Daun. 1975. Scopulariopsosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis in an addict. Ann. Intern. Med. 83:326-9.

904. Griffin, J. R., T. H. Petit, L. S. Fishman, and R. Y. Foos. 1973. Blood-borne Candida endophthalmitis: a clinical and pathologic study of 21 cases. Arch Ophthalmol. 89:450-456.

905. Grigg, A. P., P. Phillips, S. Durham, and J. D. Shepherd. 1993. Recurrent Pseudallescheria boydii sinusitis in acute leukemia. Scand J Infect Dis. 25:263-7.

906. Grimes, D. A., B. Lach, and P. R. Bourque. 1998. Vasculitic basilar artery thrombosis in chronic Candida albicans meningitis. Can J Neurol Sci. 25:76-8.

907. Groll, A., N. Giri, C. Gonzalez, T. Sein, J. Bacher, S. Piscitelli, and T. Walsh. 1997. Penetration of lipid formulations of amphotericin B into cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue. 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Abstract No.

908. Groll, A. H., and T. J. Walsh. 2001. Uncommon opportunistic fungi: new nosocomial threats. Clin Microbiol Infect. 7:8-24.

909. Gronemeyer, P. S., A. S. Weissfeld, and A. C. Sonnenwirth. 1982. Purulent pericarditis complicating systemic infection with Candida tropicalis. Am. J. Clin. Path. 77:471-475.

910. Grossi, P., C. Farina, R. Fiocchi, and D. Dalla Gasperina. 2000. Prevalence and outcome of invasive fungal infections in 1,963 thoracic organ transplant recipients – A multicenter retrospective study. Transplantation. 70:112-116.

911. Guardia, J. A., J. Bourgoignie, and J. Diego. 2000. Renal mucormycosis in the HIV patient. Amer J Kidney Dis. 35:E241-E245.

912. Guarro, J., C. Aguilar, and I. Pujol. 1999. In-vitro antifungal susceptibilities of Basidiobolus and Conidiobolus spp. strains. J Antimicrob Chemother. 44:557-560.

913. Guarro, J., T. Akiti, R. Almada-Horta, L. A. M. Leite, J. Gene, S. Ferreira-Gomes, C. Aguilar, and M. Ortoneda. 1999. Mycotic keratitis due to Curvularia senegalensis and in vitro antifungal susceptibilities of Curvularia spp. J Clin Microbiol. 37:4170-4173.

914. Guarro, J., W. Gams, I. Pujol, and J. Gene. 1997. Acremonium species: New emerging fungal opportunitis–In vitro antifungal susceptibilities and review. Clin. Infect. Dis. 25:1222-1229.

915. Guarro, J., and J. Gene. 2002. Acrophialophora fusispora misidentified as Scedosporium prolificans. J Clin Microbiol. 40:3544; author reply 3545.

916. Guarro, J., and J. Gene. 1995. Opportunistic fusarial infections in humans. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 14:741-754.

917. Guarro, J., C. Llop, C. Aguilar, and I. Pujol. 1997. Comparison of in vitro antifungal susceptibilities of conidia and hyphae of filamentous fungi. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41:2760-2.

918. Guarro, J., M. Nucci, T. Akiti, J. Gene, M. D. C. Barreiro, and R. T. Goncalves. 2000. Fungemia due to Fusarium sacchari in an immunosuppressed patient. J Clin Microbiol. 38:419-421.

919. Guarro, J., M. Nucci, T. Akiti, J. Gene, J. Cano, M. D. C. Barreiro, and C. Aguilar. 1999. Phialemonium fungemia: Two documented nosocomial cases. J Clin Microbiol. 37:2493-2497.

920. Guarro, J., L. Soler, and M. G. Rinaldi. 1995. Pathogenicity and antifungal susceptibility of Chaetomium species. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 14:613-618.

921. Guaschino, S., F. De Seta, A. Sartore, G. Ricci, D. De Santo, M. Piccoli, and S. Alberico. 2001. Efficacy of maintenance therapy with topical boric acid in comparison with oral itraconazole in the treatment of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. Amer J Obstet Gynecol. 184:598-602.

922. Gubbins, P. O., S. A. McConnell, and S. R. Penzak. 2001. Antifungal Agents. In S. C. Piscitelli and K. A. Rodvold (ed.), Drug Interactions in Infectious Diseases. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ.

923. Gucalp, R., P. Carlisle, P. Gialanella, S. Mitsudo, J. McKitrick, and J. Dutcher. 1996. Paecilomyces sinusitis in an immunocompromised adult patient: Case report and review. Clin. Infect. Dis. 23:391-393.

924. Gueho, E., T. Boekhout, H. R. Ashbee, J. Guillot, A. Van Belkum, and J. Faergemann. 1998. The role of Malassezia species in the ecology of human skin and as pathogens. Med Mycol. 36:220-229.

925. Gueho, E., L. Improvisi, G. S. de Hoog, and B. Dupont. 1994. Trichosporon on humans: a practical account. Mycoses. 37:3-10.

926. Gueho, E., and S. A. Meyer. 1989. A reevaluation of the genus Malassezia by means of genome comparison. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 55:245-51.

927. Gueho, E., G. Midgley, and J. Guillot. 1996. The genus Malassezia with description of four new species. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 69:337-355.

928. Gueho, E., M. T. Smith, G. S. de Hoog, G. Billon-Grand, R. Christen, and W. H. Batenburg-van der Vegte. 1992. Contributions to a revision of the genus Trichosporon. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 61:289-316.

929. Guez, S., V. Calas, B. Couprie, D. Stoll, and G. Cabanieu. 1992. Apropos of 2 cases of Scedosporium apiospermum nasosinusal infection. Rev Med Interne. 13:145-8.

930. Gugnani, H. C., and F. Muotoe-Okafor. 1998. African histoplasmosis: a review. Rev. Iberoam. Micol. 14:155-159.

931. Guillot, J., C. Collobert, E. Gueho, M. Mialot, and E. Lagarde. 1997. Emericella nidulans as an agent of guttural pouch mycosis in a horse. J Med Vet Mycol. 35:433-5.

932. Guillot, J., and E. Gueho. 1995. The diversity of Malassezia yeasts confirmed by rRNA sequence and nuclear DNA comparisons. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 67:297-314.

933. Guiot, H. F. L., W. E. Fibbe, and J. W. van’t Wout. 1994. Risk factors for fungal infection in patients with malignant hematologic disorders: Implications for empirical therapy and prophylaxis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 18:525-532.

934. Guler, N., A. Palanduz, U. Ones, A. Ozturk, A. Somer, N. Salman, and I. Yalcin. 1995. Progressive vertebral blastomycosis mimicking tuberculosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 14:816-8.

935. Gull, K., and A. P. J. Trinci. 1973. Griseofulvin inhibits fungal mitosis. Nature. 244:292-294.

936. Gumbo, T., J. G. Hakim, J. Mielke, S. Siwji, G. Just-Nubling, and A. Ismail. 2001. Cryptococcus myelitis: Atypical presentation of a common infection. Clin Infect Dis. 32:1235-1236.

937. Gumbo, T., C. M. Isada, G. F. Muschler, and D. L. Longworth. 1999. Candida (Torulopsis) glabrata septic arthritis. Clin Infect Dis. 29:208-9.

938. Gumbo, T., A. J. Taege, S. Mawhorter, M. C. McHenry, B. H. Lytle, D. M. Cosgrove, and S. M. Gordon. 2000. Aspergillus valve endocarditis in patients without prior cardiac surgery. Medicine. 79:261-268.

939. Guo, L. S. S., R. M. Fielding, and D. D. Lasic. 1991. Novel antifungal drug delivery: stable amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate discs. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 75:45-54.

940. Guppy, K. H., C. Thomas, K. Thomas, and D. Anderson. 1998. Cerebral fungal infections in the immunocompromised host: A literature review and a new pathogen – Chaetomium atrobrunneum: Case report. Neurosurgery. 43:1463-1469.

941. Gupta, A. K. 2000. Pharmacoeconomic analysis of ciclopirox nail lacquer solution 8% and the new oral antifungal agents used to treat dermatophyte toe onychomycosis in the United States. J Amer Acad Dermatol. 43:S81-S95.

942. Gupta, A. K., and R. Baran. 2000. Ciclopirox nail lacquer solution 8% in the 21st century. J Amer Acad Dermatol. 43:S96-S102.

943. Gupta, A. K., R. Batra, R. Bluhm, T. Boekhout, and T. L. Dawson, Jr. 2004. Skin diseases associated with Malassezia species. J Am Acad Dermatol. 51:785-98.

944. Gupta, A. K., P. D. Doncker, A. Heremans, P. Stoffels, G. E. Pierard, J. Decroix, M. Heenen, and H. Degreef. 1997. Itraconazole for the treatment of tinea pedis: a dosage of 400 mg/day given for 1 week is similar in efficacy to 100 or 200 mg/day given for 2 to 4 weeks. J Am Acad Dermatol. 36:789-92.

945. Gupta, A. K., T. R. Einarson, R. C. Summerbell, and N. H. Shear. 1998. An overview of topical antifungal therapy in dermatomycosis. A North American perspecitve. Drugs. 55:645-674.

946. Gupta, A. K., P. Fleckman, and R. Baran. 2000. Ciclopirox nail lacquer topical solution 8% in the treatment of toenail onychomycosis. J Amer Acad Dermatol. 43:S70-S80.

947. Gupta, A. K., Y. Kohl, J. Faergemann, and R. C. Summerbells. 2001. Epidemiology of Malassezia yeasts associated with pityriasis versicolor in Ontario, Canada. Med Mycol. 39:199-206.

948. Gupta, A. K., Y. Kohli, and R. C. Summerbell. 2000. Molecular differentiation of seven Malassezia species. J Clin Microbiol. 38:1869-1875.

949. Gupta, A. K., N. Konnikov, P. MacDonald, P. Rich, N. W. Rodger, M. W. Edmonds, R. McManus, and R. C. Summerbell. 1998. Prevalence and epidemiology of toenail onychomycosis in diabetic subjects: a multicentre survey. Br J Dermatol. 139:665-71.

950. Gupta, A. K., and N. H. Shear. 1997. Terbinafine: an update. J. Amer. Acad. Dermatol. 37:979-988.

951. Gupta, A. K., R. G. Sibbald, C. W. Lynde, P. R. Hull, R. Prussick, N. H. Shear, P. De Doncker, C. R. Daniel, 3rd, and B. E. Elewski. 1997. Onychomycosis in children: prevalence and treatment strategies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 36:395-402.

952. Gupta, A. K., and R. C. Summerbell. 1999. Combined distal and lateral subungual and white superficial onychomycosis in the toenails. J Am Acad Dermatol. 41:938-44.

953. Gupta, G., A. D. Burden, G. S. Shankland, M. E. Fallowfield, and M. D. Richardson. 1997. Tinea nigra secondary to Exophiala werneckii responding to itraconazole. Br J Dermatol. 137:483-4.

954. Gupta, N., A. Haque, A. A. Lattif, R. P. Narayan, G. Mukhopadhyay, and R. Prasad. 2004. Epidemiology and molecular typing of Candida isolates from burn patients. Mycopathologia. 158:397-405.

955. Gupta, N. M., A. Chaudhary, and P. Talwar. 1985. Candidial obstruction of the common bile duct. British Journal of Surgery. 72:13.

956. Gurevitz, O., A. Goldschmied-Reuven, C. Block, J. Kopolovic, Z. Farfel, and D. Hassin. 1994. Cryptococcus neoformansvertebral osteomyelitis. J. Med. Vet. Mycol. 32:315-318.

957. Gurses, N., and A. G. Kalayci. 1996. Fluconazole monotherapy for candidal meningitis in a premature infant. Clin. Infect. Dis. 23:645-646.

958. Gurwith, M. 1999. Clinical efficacy of amphotericin B colloidal dispersion against infections caused by Aspergillus spp. Chemotherapy. 45:34-38.

959. Gwaltney, J. M., Jr., W. M. Scheld, M. A. Sande, and A. Sydnor. 1992. The microbial etiology and antimicrobial therapy of adults with acute community-acquired sinusitis: a fifteen-year experience at the University of Virginia and review of other selected studies. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 90:457-61.

960. Gyaurgieva, O. H., T. S. Bogomolova, and G. I. Gorshkova. 1996. Meningitis caused by Rhodotorula rubra in an HIV-infected patient. J. Med. Vet. Mycol. 34:357-359.

961. Haase, G., L. Sonntag, Y. van de Peer, J. M. Uijthof, A. Podbielski, and B. Melzer-Krick. 1995. Phylogenetic analysis of ten black yeast species using nuclear small subunit rRNA gene sequences. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 68:19-33.

962. Hachimi-Idrissi, S., M. Willemsen, B. Desprechins, A. Naessens, A. Goossens, L. De-Meirleir, and J. Ramet. 1990. Pseudallescheria boydii and brain abscesses. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 9:737-41.

963. Hagensee, M. E., J. E. Bauwens, B. Kjos, and R. A. Bowden. 1994. Brain abscess following marrow transplantation: experience at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1984-1992. Clin Infect Dis. 19:402-8.

964. Hagman, H. M., E. G. Madnick, A. N. D’Agostino, P. L. Williams, S. Shatsky, L. F. Mirels, R. M. Tucker, M. G. Rinaldi, D. A. Stevens, and R. E. Bryant. 2000. Hyphal forms in the central nervous system of patients with coccidioidomycosis. Clin Infect Dis. 30:349-355.

965. Hahn, R. C., and J. S. Hamdan. 2000. Effects of amphotericin B and three azole derivatives on the lipids of yeast cells of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:1997-2000.

966. Hahn, R. C., and J. S. Hamdan. 2000. In vitro susceptibilities of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast form to antifungal drugs. Mycoses. 43:403-407.

967. Hajjeh, R. A., and H. M. Blumberg. 1995. Bloodstream infection due to Trichosporon beigelii in a burn patient: Case report and review of therapy. Clin. Infect. Dis. 20:913-916.

968. Hajjeh, R. A., L. A. Conn, D. S. Stephens, W. Baughman, R. Hamill, E. Graviss, P. G. Pappas, C. Thomas, A. Reingold, G. Rothrock, L. C. Hutwagner, A. Schuchat, M. E. Brandt, and R. W. Pinner. 1999. Cryptococcosis: Population-based multistate active surveillance and risk factors in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons. Cryptococcal Active Surveillance Group. J Infec Dis. 179:449-454.

969. Haldane, E. V., J. L. MacDonald, W. O. Gittens, K. Yuce, and C. E. van Rooyen. 1974. Prosthetic valvular endocarditis due to the fungus Paecilomyces. Can Med Assoc J. 111:963-5, 968.

970. Hall, J., and V. E. Perry. 1998. Tinea nigra palmaris: differentiation from malignant melanoma or junctional nevi. Cutis. 62:45-6.

971. Hall, M., C. Monka, P. Krupp, and O. S. D. 1997. Safety of oral terbinafine: results of a postmarketing surveillance study in 25,884 patients. Arch. Dermatol. 133:1213-1219.

972. Hall, S. D., K. E. Thummel, P. B. Watkins, K. S. Lown, L. Z. Benet, M. F. Paine, R. R. Mayo, D. K. Turgeon, D. G. Bailey, R. J. Fontana, and S. A. Wrighton. 1999. Molecular and physical mechanisms of first-pass extraction. Drug Metab Dispos. 27:161-6.

973. Hallum, J. L., and T. W. Williams, Jr. 1993. Candida endocarditis, p. 357-369. In G. P. Bodey (ed.), Candidiasis: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Raven Press, Ltd., New York.

974. Halpern, M., S. Szabo, E. Hochberg, G. S. Hammer, J. Lin, A. C. Gurtman, H. S. Sacks, R. S. Shapiro, and S. Z. Hirschman. 1992. Renal aspergilloma: an unusual cause of infection in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am. J. Med. 92:437-440.

975. Hambraeus, A. 1988. Aerobiology in the operating room–a review. J Hosp Infect. 11 Suppl A:68-76.

976. Hamilton, J. R., A. Noble, D. W. Denning, and D. A. Stevens. 1991. Performance of cryptococcus antigen latex agglutination kits on serum and cerebrospinal fluid specimens of AIDS patients before and after pronase treatment. J Clin Microbiol. 29:333-9.

977. Hammer, K. A., C. F. Carson, and T. V. Riley. 2000. In vitro activities of ketoconazole, econazole, miconazole, and Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea tree) oil against Malassezia species. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:467-469.

978. Hammerman, K. J., K. E. Powell, C. S. Christianson, P. M. Huggin, H. W. Larsh, J. R. Vivas, and F. E. Tosh. 1973. Pulmonary cryptococcosis: Clinical forms and treatment. A Center for Disease Control Coooperative Mycoses Study. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 108:1116-1123.

979. Hanna, E., G. Hughes, I. Eliachar, J. Wanamaker, and W. Tomford. 1993. Fungal osteomyelitis of the temporal bone: a review of reported cases [see comments]. Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal. 72:532, 537-41.

980. Hansen, B. L., and K. Andersen. 1995. Fungal arthritis. A review. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. 24:248-50.

981. Hanson, L. H., and D. A. Stevens. 1992. Comparison of antifungal activity of amphotericin B deoxycholate suspension with that of amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate colloidal dispersion. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 36:486-8.

982. Hanson, L. H., and D. A. Stevens. 1989. Evaluation of cilofungin, a lipopeptide antifungal agent, in vitro against fungi isolated from clinical specimens. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 33:1391-2.

983. Harford, C. G. 1974. Postoperative fungal endocarditis. Fungemia, embolism, and therapy. Arch Intern Med. 134:116-20.

984. Haria, M., and H. M. Bryson. 1995. Amorolfine: a review of its pharmocological properties and therapeutic potential in the treatment of onychomycosis and other superficial fungal infections. Drugs. 49:103-120.

985. Haria, M., H. M. Bryson, and K. L. Goa. 1996. Itraconazole. A reappraisal of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in the management of superficial fungal infections. Drugs. 51:586-620.

986. Harley, W. B., J. S. Dummer, T. L. Anderson, and S. Goodman. 1995. Malignant external otitis due to Aspergillus flavus with fulminant dissemination to the lungs. Clin Infect Dis. 20:1052-4.

987. Harms, M., S. Gilardi, P. M. Levy, and J. H. Saurat. 1984. KID syndrome (keratitis, ichthyosis, and deafness) and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis: case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Dermatol. 2:1-7.

988. Haron, E., R. Feld, P. Tuffnell, B. Patterson, R. Hasselback, and A. Matlow. 1987. Hepatic candidiasis: An increasing problem in immunocompromised patients. Am. J. Med. 83:17-26.

989. Haron, E., S. Vartivarian, E. Anaissie, R. Dekmezian, and G. P. Bodey. 1993. Primary Candida pneumonia. Medicine. 72:137-142.

990. Harousseau, J. L., A. W. Dekker, A. Stamatoullas-Bastard, A. Fassas, W. Linkesch, J. Gouveia, R. De Bock, M. Rovira, W. F. Seifert, H. Joosen, M. Peeters, and K. De Beule. 2000. Itraconazole oral solution for primary prophylaxis of fungal infections in patients with hematological malignancy and profound neutropenia: a randomized, double-blind, double- placebo, multicenter trial comparing itraconazole and amphotericin B. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:1887-1893.

991. Hart, P. D., E. Russell, and J. S. Remington. 1969. The compromised host and infection. II. Deep fungal infection. J. Infect. Dis. 120:169-191.

992. Haruda, F., M. A. Bergman, and D. Headings. 1980. Unrecognized Candida brain abscess in infancy: two cases and a review of the literature. The Johns Hopkins Medical Journal. 147:182-185.

993. Harvey, R. L., and J. P. Myers. 1987. Nosocomial fungemia in a large community teaching hospital. Arch. Intern. Med. 147:2117-2120.

994. Hata, K., J. Kimura, H. Miki, T. Toyosawa, T. Nakamura, and K. Katsu. 1996. In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of ER-30346, a novel oral triazole with a broad antifungal spectrum. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 40:2237-2242.

995. Hata, K., J. Uneo, H. Miki, T. Toyosawa, K. Katsu, T. Nakamura, and T. Horie. 1995. ER-30346, a novel antifungal triazole: III. In vitro activity and its mode of action. 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Abstract No.

996. Hattori, N., A. Shirai, Y. Sugiura, W. Li, K. Yokoyama, Y. Misawa, K. Okuzumi, and K. Tamaki. 2005. Onychomycosis caused by Fusarium proliferatum. Br J Dermatol. 153:647-9.

997. Haubold, E. M., J. F. Aronson, D. F. Cowan, M. R. McGinnis, and C. R. Cooper. 1998. Isolation of fungal rDNA from bottlenose dolphin skin infected with Loboa loboi. Med Mycol. 36:263-267.

998. Haubrich, R. H., D. Haghighat, S. A. Bozzette, J. Tilles, J. A. McCutchan, and the California Collaborative Treatment Group. 1994. High-dose fluconazole for treatment of cryptococcal disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. J. Infect. Dis. 170:238-242.

999. Hauser, P. M., D. S. Blanc, J. Bille, and P. Francioli. 1998. Typing methods to approach Pneumocystis carinii genetic heterogeneity. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 22:27-35.

1000. Havu, V., H. Brandt, H. Heikkila, A. Hollmen, R. Oksman, T. Rantanen, S. Saari, S. Stubb, K. Turjanmaa, and T. Piepponen. 1997. A double-blind, randomized study comparing itraconazole pulse therapy with continuous dosing for the treatment of toe-nail onychomycosis. Br. J. Dermatol. 136:230-4.

1001. Havu, V., H. Heikkila, K. Kuokkanen, M. Nuutinen, T. Rantanen, S. Saari, S. Stubb, R. Suhonen, and K. Turjanmaa. 2000. A double-blind, randomized study to compare the efficacy and safety of terbinafine (Lamisil (R)) with fluconazole (Diflucan (R)) in the treatment of onychomycosis. Brit J Dermatol. 142:97-102.

1002. Hay, R. J. 1994. Antifungal drugs on the horizon. J Am Acad Dermatol. 31 (3 pt 2):S82-S86.

1003. Hay, R. J. 2000. Dermatophytosis and other superficial mycoses, p. 2757-2768. In G. L. Mandell, J. E. Bennett, and R. Dolin (ed.), Mandell, Douglas & Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 5th ed. ed, vol. 2. Churchill Livingstone, London.

1004. Hay, R. J. 1994. Liposomal amphotericin B, AmBisome. J. Infect. 28:35-43.

1005. Hay, R. J. 1992. Treatment of dermatomycoses and onychomycoses- – state of the art. Clin Exp Dermatol. 17 (Suppl 1):2-5.

1006. Hay, R. J., and Y. M. Clayton. 1988. Fluconazole in the management of patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidosis [letter]. Br J Dermatol. 119:683-4.

1007. Hay, R. J., Y. M. Clayton, M. K. Moore, and G. Midgely. 1988. An evaluation of itraconazole in the management of onychomycosis. Br. J. Dermatol. 119:359-66.

1008. Hay, R. J., J. M. McGregor, J. Wuite, K. S. Ryatt, C. Ziegler, and Y. M. Clayton. 1995. A comparison of 2 weeks of terbinafine 250 mg/day with 4 weeks of itraconazole 100 mg/day in plantar-type tinea pedis. Br J Dermatol. 132:604-8.

1009. Hay, R. J., S. Reid, E. Talwat, and K. Macnamara. 1984. Endemic tinea imbricata–a study on Goodenough Island, Papua New Guinea. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 78:246-51.

1010. Hayden, R. T., X. Qian, G. D. Roberts, and R. V. Lloyd. 2001. In situ hybridization for the identification of yeastlike organisms in tissue section. Diagn Mol Pathol. 10:15-23.

1011. Hazen, K. C. 1995. New and emerging yeast pathogens. Clin Microbiol Rev. 8:462-78.

1012. Hazen, K. C., and G. Q. Wu. 1999. Kill power of oral antifungals against dermatophytes. Pediat Inf Dis J. 18:200-203.

1013. He, X. Y., J. H. Meurman, K. Kari, R. Rautemaa, and L. P. Samaranayake. 2006. In vitro adhesion of Candida species to denture base materials. Mycoses. 49:80-4.

1014. Hecker, D. 1997. Current trends in onychomycosis therapy: a literature review. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine. 64:399-405.

1015. Hector, R. F., B. L. Zimmer, and D. Pappagianis. 1990. Evaluation of nikkomycins X and Z in murine models of coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, and blastomycosis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 34:587-93.

1016. Heelan, J. S., L. Corpus, and N. Kessimian. 1991. False-positive reactions in the latex agglutination test for Cryptococcus neoformans antigen. J Clin Microbiol. 29:1260-1.

1017. Heikkila, H., and S. Stubb. 1995. The prevalence of onychomycosis in Finland. Br J Dermatol. 133:699-703.

1018. Heinemann, V., D. Bosse, U. Jehn, A. Debus, K. Wachholz, H. Forst, and W. Wilmanns. 1997. Enhanced pulmonary accumulation of liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) in acute liver transplant failure. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 40:295-297.

1019. Helm, K. F., and D. P. Lookingbill. 1993. Pityrosporum follucilitis folliculitis and severe pruritus in two patients with Hodgkin’s disease. Arch Derm. 129:380-381.

1020. Helweg-Larsen, J., T. L. Benfield, J. Eugen-Olsen, J. D. Lundgren, and B. Lundgren. 1999. Effects of mutations in Pneumocystis carinii dihydropteorate synthase gene on outcome of AIDS-associated P. carinii pneumonia. Lancet. 354:1347-1351.

1021. Hemashettar, B. M., T. S. Veerappa, P. V. Verma, S. Hanchinamani, C. S. Patil, and A. Thammayya. 1992. Mycotic keratitis caused by Bipolaris spicifera. Indian Journal of Pathology & Microbiology. 35:274-7.

1022. Henderson, D. K., J. E. J. Edwards, and J. Z. Montgomerie. 1981. Hematogenous Candida endophthalmitis in patients receiving parenteral hyperalimentation fluids. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 143:655-661.

1023. Henderson, D. K., L. J. Hockey, L. J. Vukalcic, and J. E. J. Edwards. 1980. Effect of immunosuppression on the development of experiemental hematogenous Candida endophthalmitis. Infect. Immun. 27:628-631.

1024. Hennequin, C., E. Abachin, F. Symoens, V. Lavarde, C. Reboux, N. Nolard, and P. Berche. 1999. Identification of Fusarium species involved in human infections by 28S rRNA gene sequencing. J Clin Microbiol. 37:3586-3589.

1025. Hennequin, C., M. Benkerrou, J. L. Gaillard, S. Blanche, and S. Fraitag. 1994. Role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in the management of infection with Fusarium oxysporum in a neutropenic child [letter; comment]. Clin. Infect. Dis. 18:490-1.

1026. Hennequin, C., P. Bouree, C. Hiesse, B. Dupont, and B. Charpentier. 1996. Spondylodiskitis due to Candida albicans: Report of two patients who were successfully treated with fluconazole and review of the literature. Clin. Infect. Dis. 23:176-178.

1027. Henson, D. J., and A. R. Hill. 1984. Cryptococcal pneumonia: a fulminant presentation. Am J Med Sci. 288:221-2.

1028. Henwick, S., K. Henrickson, S. A. Storgion, and R. J. Leggiadro. 1992. Disseminated neonatal Trichosporon beigelii. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 11:50-52.

1029. Herbrecht, R., D. W. Denning, T. F. Patterson, W. V. Kern, K. A. Marr, D. Caillot, E. Thiel, P. Ribaud, O. Lortholary, R. Greene, C. Durand, J. W. Oestmann, P. S. Stark, R. Sylvester, P. F. Troke, H. Schlamm, J. R. Wingard, R. H. Rubin, B. De Pauw, J. E. Bennett, and EORTC-IFIG. 2001. Open, randomised comparison of voriconazole and amphotericin B followed by other licensed antifungal therapy for primary therapy of invasive aspergillosis. 41st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Abstract No. J-680.

1030. Herbrecht, R., R. Kessler, C. Kravanja, M. H. Meyer, J. Waller, and V. Letscher-Bru. 2004. Successful treatment of Fusarium proliferatum pneumonia with posaconazole in a lung transplant recipient. J Heart Lung Transplant. 23:1451-1454.

1031. Herbrecht, R., V. Letscher-Bru, C. Oprea, B. Lioure, J. Waller, F. Campos, O. Villard, K. L. Liu, S. Natarajan-Ame, P. Lutz, P. Dufour, J. P. Bergerat, and E. Candolfi. 2002. Aspergillus galactomannan detection in the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in cancer patients. J Clin Oncol. 20:1898-1906.

1032. Herling, I. M., M. N. Kotler, and B. L. Segal. 1984. Candida parapsilosis endocarditis without predisposing cause. Int J Cardiol. 5:753-6.

1033. Hermann, C., J. Hermann, U. Munzel, and R. Ruchel. 1999. Bacterial flora accompanying Candida yeasts in clinical specimens. Mycoses. 42:619-27.

1034. Hermans, P. E., and T. F. Keys. 1983. Antifungal agents used for deep-seated mycotic infections. Mayo Clin Proc. 58:223-31.

1035. Hernandez-Sampelayo, T. 1994. Fluconazole versus ketoconazole in the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-infected children. Multicentre Study Group. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 13:340-4.

1036. Hernandez Hernandez, J. A., M. Gonzalez-Moreno Portugal, J. M. Casan Cava, A. Aloy Duch, J. M. Llibre Codina, and J. A. Capdevilla Morell. 1993. Endocarditis due to Candida albicans with peripheral arterial embolism and a cerebral mycotic aneurysm in an IV drug addict. Rev Clin Esp. 192:223-5.

1037. Hernandez, J. A., M. Gonzalez-Moreno, J. M. Llibre, A. Aloy, and J. M. Casan. 1992. Candidal mitral endocarditis and long-term treatment with fluconazole in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clin. Infect. Dis. 15:1062-1063.

1038. Herranz, P., J. Garcia, R. De Lucas, J. Gonzalez, J. M. Pena, R. Diaz, and M. Casado. 1997. Toenail onychomycosis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome: treatment with terbinafine. Br J Dermatol. 137:577-80.

1039. Herreros, E., M. J. Almela, S. Lozano, F. G. De las Heras, and D. Gargallo-Viola. 2001. Antifungal activities and cytotoxicity studies of six new azasordarins. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45:3132-3139.

1040. Herreros, E., C. M. Martinez, M. J. Almela, M. S. Marriott, F. G. De Las Heras, and D. Gargallo-Viola. 1998. Sordarins: in vitro activities of new antifungal derivatives against pathogenic yeasts, Pneumocystis carinii, and filamentous fungi. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42:2863-9.

1041. Herrod, H. G. 1990. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis in childhood and complications of non-Candida infection: a report of the Pediatric Immunodeficiency Collaborative Study Group. J Pediatr. 116:377-82.

1042. Hesse, U. J., D. E. Sutherland, R. L. Simmons, and J. S. Najarian. 1986. Intra-abdominal infections in pancreas transplant recipients. Ann. Surg. 203:153-62.

1043. Hiatt, J. R., M. R. Kobayashi, J. E. Doty, and K. P. Ramming. 1991. Acalculous candida cholecystitis: a complication of critical surgical illness. Am Surg. 57:825-9.

1044. Hiemenz, J. W., and T. J. Walsh. 1996. Lipid formulations of amphotericin B: Recent progress and future directions. Clin. Infect. Dis. 22:S133-S144.

1045. Higgins, E. M., L. C. Fuller, and C. H. Smith. 2000. Guidelines for the management of tinea capitis. Brit J Dermatol. 143:53-58.

1046. Hintikka, E.-L. 1977. Stachybotryotoxicosis as a veterinary problem, p. 277-284. In J. V. Rodricks, D. W. Hesseltine, and M. A. Mehlman (ed.), Mycotoxins in Human and Animal Health. Pathotox Publishers, Park Forest South, Illinois.

1047. Hiratani, T., Y. Asagi, A. Matsusaka, K. Uchida, and H. Yamaguchi. 1991. In vitro antifungal activity of amorolfine, a new morpholine antimycotic agent. Jpn J Antibiot. 44:993-1006.

1048. Ho, P. L., and K. Y. Yuen. 2000. Aspergillosis in bone marrow transplant recipients. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 34:55-69.

1049. Hoban, D. J., G. G. Zhanel, and J. A. Karlowsky. 1999. In vitro susceptibilities of Candida and Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from blood cultures of neutropenic patients. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43:1463-1464.

1050. Hodgson, M. 2000. Sick building syndrome. Occup Med. 15:571-85.

1051. Hodgson, M. J., P. Morey, W. Y. Leung, L. Morrow, D. Miller, B. B. Jarvis, H. Robbins, J. F. Halsey, and E. Storey. 1998. Building-associated pulmonary disease from exposure to Stachybotrys chartarum and Aspergillus versicolor. J Occup Environ Med. 40:241-9.

1052. Hoerauf, A., S. Hammer, B. Muller-Myhsok, and H. Rupprecht. 1998. Intra-abdominal Candida infection during acute necrotizing pancreatitis has a high prevalence and is associated with increased mortality. Crit Care Med. 26:2010-2015.

1053. Hogenauer, C., H. F. Hammer, G. J. Krejs, and E. C. Reisinger. 1998. Mechanisms and management of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Clin Infect Dis. 27:702-710.

1054. Hoh, M. C., H. P. Lin, L. L. Chan, and S. K. Lam. 1996. Successful allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in severe chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis syndrome. Bone Marrow Transplant. 18:797-800.

1055. Hohl, P. E., H. P. Holley, Jr., E. Prevost, L. Ajello, and A. A. Padhye. 1983. Infections due to Wangiella dermatitidis in humans: report of the first documented case from the United States and a review of the literature. Rev Infect Dis. 5:854-64.

1056. Hohler, T., M. Schn?tgen, W. J. Mayer, and K. H. Mayer zum B?schenfeld. 1995. Pulmonary aspergilloma in a patient with AIDS. Thoras. 50:312-313.

1057. Hood, S., J. Evans, J. Bond, B. Wilkins, and D. Denning. 1998. The treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-infected patients with oral amphotericin B suspension. Aids Patient Care Stds. 12:625-627.

1058. Hood, S. V., C. B. Moore, and D. W. Denning. 1996. Isolation of Candida norvegensis from clinical specimens: Four case reports. Clin. Infect. Dis. 23:1185-1187.

1059. Hopfer, R. L., A. Orengo, S. Chesnut, and M. Wenglar. 1980. Radiometric detection of yeast in blood cultures of cancer patients. J. Clin. Microbiol. 12.

1060. Hopfer, R. L., E. V. Perry, and V. Fainstein. 1982. Diagnostic value of cryptococcal antigen in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with malignant disease. J Infect Dis. 145:915.

1061. Hopfer, R. L., P. Walden, S. Setterqiost, and W. E. Highsmith. 1993. Detection and differentation of fungi in clinical specimens using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and restriction enzyme analysis. J. Med. Vet. Mycol. 31:65-75.

1062. Horn, R., B. Wong, T. E. Kiehn, and D. Armstrong. 1985. Fungemia in a cancer hospital: changing frequency, earlier onset, and results of therapy. Rev. Infect. Dis. 7:646-655.

1063. Horne, J. M., M. H. Ma, R. F. Taylor, R. Williams, and W. Zylstra. 1975. Candida endophthalmitis. Med. J. Aust. 1:170-172.

1064. Horowitz, B. J., S. W. Edelstein, and L. Lippman. 1987. Sexual transmission of Candida. Obstet Gynecol. 69:883-6.

1065. Horowitz, I. D., E. A. Blumberg, and L. Krevolin. 1993. Cryptococcus albidus and mucormycosis empyema in a patient receiving hemodialysis. South Med J. 86:1070-2.

1066. Horre, R., G. Schumacher, G. Marklein, B. Kromer, E. Wardelmann, S. Gilges, G. S. De Hoog, G. Wahl, and K. P. Schaal. 2002. Case Report. Maxillary sinus infection due to Emericella nidulans. Mycoses. 45:402-5.

1067. Horsburgh, C., and R. Selik. 1988. Extrapulmonary cryptococcosis in AIDS patients: risk factors and association with decreased survival. 28th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Abstract No. Abstract 564.

1068. Horsburgh, C. R., and C. H. Kirkpatrick. 1983. Long-term therapy of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis with ketoconazole: Experience with twenty-one patients. Am. J. Med. 74:23-29.

1069. Hospenthal, D. R., M. L. Beckius, K. L. Floyd, L. L. Horvath, and C. K. Murray. 2006. Presumptive identification of Candida species other than C. albicans, C. krusei, and C. tropicalis with the chromogenic medium CHROMagar Candida. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 5:1.

1070. Hospenthal, D. R., and J. E. Bennett. 2000. Persistence of cryptococcomas on neuroimaging. Clin Infect Dis. 31:1303-1306.

1071. Hossain, M. A., S. Maesaki, H. Kakeya, T. Noda, K. Yanagihara, E. Sasaki, Y. Hirakata, K. Tomono, T. Tashiro, and S. Kohno. 1998. Efficacy of NS-718, a novel lipid nanosphere-encapsulated amphotericin B, against Cryptococcus neoformans. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42:1722-1725.

1072. Howard, J. M., and V. M. Bieluch. 1989. Pancreatic abscess secondary to Candida albicans. Pancreas. 4:120-2.

1073. Hoy, J., K. C. Hsu, K. Rolston, R. L. Hopfer, M. Luna, and G. P. Bodey. 1986. Trichosporon beigelii infection: a review. Rev. Infect. Dis. 8:959-967.

1074. Hsu, C. C., and B. Ukleja. 1990. Clearance of Candida colonizing the urinary bladder by a two-day amphotericin B irrigation. Infection. 18:280-2.

1075. Hsu, C. C. S., and R.-H. Chang. 1995. Two-day continuous bladder irrigation with amphotericin B. Clin. Infect. Dis. 20:1570-1571.

1076. Hsu, M. M., and J. Y. Lee. 1993. Cutaneous and subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exserohilum rostratum. J Am Acad Dermatol. 28:340-4.

1077. Huang, H. J., J. Y. Zhu, and Y. H. Zhang. 1990. The first case of Pseudallescheria boydii meningitis in China–electron microscopic study and antigenicity analysis of the agent. J Tongji Med Univ. 10:218-21.

1078. Huang, Y. C., T. Y. Lin, H. L. Peng, J. H. Wu, H. Y. Chang, and H. S. Leu. 1998. Outbreak of Candida albicans fungaemia in a neonatal intensive care unit. Scand J Infect Dis. 30:137-42.

1079. Hubalek, Z., J. Nesvadbova, and J. Halouzka. 1998. Emmonsiosis of rodents in an agroecosystem. Med Mycol. 36:387-390.

1080. Hughes, J. R., M. K. Moore, and A. C. Pembroke. 1993. Tinea nigra palmaris. Clin Exp Dermatol. 18:481-2.

1081. Hughes, W. T. 2003. Pneumocystis carinii vs. Pneumocystis jiroveci: another misnomer (response to Stringer et al.). Emerg Infect Dis. 9:276-7; author reply 277-9.

1082. Hughes, W. T. 1982. Systemic candidiasis: a study of 109 fatal cases. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 1:11-18.

1083. Hughes, W. T., D. Armstrong, G. P. Bodey, A. E. Brown, J. E. Edwards, R. Feld, P. Pizzo, K. V. I. Rolston, J. L. Shenep, and L. S. Young. 1997. 1997 Guidelines for the use of antimicrobial agents in neutropenic patients with unexplained fever. Clin. Infect. Dis. 25:551-573.

1084. Hung, L. H., and L. A. Norwood. 1993. Osteomyelitis due to Pseudallescheria boydii. South Med J. 86:231-4.

1085. Hung, W., C. J. Migeon, and R. H. Parrot. 1963. A possible auto-immune basis for Addison’s disease in three siblings, one with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism, pernicious anemia and superticial moniliasis. N. Engl. J. Med. 269:658-663.

1086. Hunt, S. M., C. Miyamoto, R. S. Cornelius, and T. A. Tami. 2000. Invasive fungal sinusitis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Otolaryngol Clin N Amer. 33:335-347,IX.

1087. Hurley, R., and J. DeLouvois. 1979. Candida vaginitis. Postgrad. Med. J. 55:645-647.

1088. Husain, S., M. M. Wagener, and N. Singh. 2001. Cryptococcus neoformans infection in organ transplant recipients: variables influencing clinical characteristics and outcomes. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 7:375-380.

1089. Huttova, M., K. Kralinsky, J. Horn, I. Marinova, K. Iligova, J. Fric, S. Spanik, J. Filka, J. Uher, J. Kurak, and V. Krcmery, Jr. 1998. Prospective study of nosocomial fungal Meningitis in children – Report of 10 Cases. Scand J Infec Dis. 30:485-487.

1090. Idigoras, P., E. Perez-Trallero, L. Pineiro, J. N. Larruskain, M. C. Lopez-Lopagtegui, N. Rodriguez, and J. M. Gonzalez. 2001. Disseminated infection and colonization by Scedosporium prolificans: A review of 18 cases, 1990-1999. Clin Infect Dis. 32:E158-E165.

1091. Ikeda, F., Y. Wakai, S. Matsumoto, K. Maki, E. Watabe, S. Tawara, T. Goto, Y. Watanabe, F. Matsumoto, and S. Kuwahara. 2000. Efficacy of FK463, a new lipopeptide antifungal agent, in mouse models of disseminated candidiasis and aspergillosis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:614-618.

1092. Ikeda, Y., K. Umemura, K. Kondo, K. Sekiguchi, S. Miyoshi, and M. Nakashima. 2004. Pharmacokinetics of voriconazole and cytochrome P450 2C19 genetic status. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 75:587-8.

1093. Imam, N., C. C. J. Carpenter, K. H. Mayer, A. Fisher, M. Stein, and S. B. Danforth. 1990. Hierarchical pattern of mucosal Candida infections in HIV-seropositive women. Am. J. Med. 89:142-146.

1094. Imwidthaya, P., K. Thipsuvan, A. Chaiprasert, S. Danchaivijitra, R. Sutthent, and J. Jearanaisilavong. 2001. Penicillium marneffei: types and drug susceptibility. Mycopathologia. 149:109-115.

1095. Incesu, L., H. Akan, and A. Arslan. 1994. Neonatal cerebral candidiasis: CT findings and clinical correlation. J Belge Radiol. 77:278-9.

1096. Ingram, C. W., H. B. Haywood, 3rd, V. M. Morris, R. L. Allen, and J. R. Perfect. 1993. Cryptococcal ventricular-peritoneal shunt infection: clinical and epidemiological evaluation of two closely associated cases. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 14:719-22.

1097. Ingram, C. W., J. Sennesh, J. N. Cooper, and J. R. Perfect. 1989. Disseminated zygomycosis: Report of four cases and review. Rev. Infect. Dis. 11:741-754.

1098. Irani, M., and L. D. Truong. 1986. Candidiasis of the extrahepatic biliary tract. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 110:1087-90.

1099. Ishii, T., Y. Suzuki, N. Ando, N. Matsuo, and T. Ogata. 2000. Novel mutations of the autoimmune regulator gene in two siblings with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 85:2922-6.

1100. Ishimine, T., K. Kawakami, A. Nakamoto, and A. Saito. 1995. Analysis of cellular response and gamma interferon synthesis in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung homogenate of mice infected with Pneumocystis carinii. Microbiology & Immunology. 39:49-58.

1101. Issakainen, J., J. Jalava, J. Hyvonen, N. Sahlberg, T. Pirnes, and C. K. Campbell. 2003. Relationships of Scopulariopsis based on LSU rDNA sequences. Med Mycol. 41:31-42.

1102. Ito, M., R. Nozu, T. Kuramochi, N. Eguchi, S. Suzuki, K. Hioki, T. Itoh, and F. Ikeda. 2000. Prophylactic effect of FK463, a novel antifungal lipopeptide, against Pneumocystis carinii infection in mice. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:2259-2262.

1103. Ive, F. A., and R. Marks. 1968. Tinea incognito. Br Med J. 3:149-52.

1104. Iwatani, W., T. Arika, and H. Yamaguchi. 1993. Two mechanisms of butenafine action in Candida albicans. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37:785-788.

1105. Iwen, P. C., M. E. Rupp, M. R. Bishop, M. G. Rinaldi, D. A. Sutton, S. Tarantolo, and S. H. Hinrichs. 1998. Disseminated aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus ustus in a patient following allogeneic peripheral stem cell transplantation. J Clin Microbiol. 36:3713-3717.

1106. Iwen, P. C., L. Sigler, S. Tarantolo, D. A. Sutton, M. G. Rinaldi, R. P. Lackner, D. I. McCarthy, and S. H. Hinrichs. 2000. Pulmonary infection caused by Gymnascella hyalinospora in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia. J Clin Microbiol. 38:375-381.

1107. Jabra-Rizk, M. A., S. M. S. Ferreira, M. Sabet, W. A. Falkler, W. G. Merz, and T. F. Meiller. 2001. Recovery of Candida dubliniensis and other yeasts from human immunodeficiency virus-associated periodontal lesions. J Clin Microbiol. 39:4520-4522.

1108. Jacobs, L. G., E. A. Skidmore, L. A. Cardoso, and F. Ziv. 1994. Bladder irrigation with amphotericin B for treatment of fungal urinary tract infections. Clin. Infect. Dis. 18:313-318.

1109. Jacobson, E. S. 2000. Pathogenic roles for fungal melanins. Clin Microbiol Rev. 13:708-717,CP5.

1110. Jade, K. B., M. F. Lyons, and J. W. Gnann. 1986. Paecilomyces lilacinus cellulitis in an immunocompromised patient. Arch Dermatol. 122:1169-70.

1111. Jafari, H. S., X. S?ez-Llorens, C. Severien, F. Parras, I. Friedland, S. Rinderknecht, S. Ehrett, K. D. Olsen, C. Abramowsky, and G. H. McCracken. 1994. Effects of antifungal therapy on inflammation, sterilization, and histology in experimental Candida albicans meningitis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38:83-89.

1112. Jalan, R., H. L. Jones, and R. J. Walker. 1994. Multiple pancreatic abscesses due to Candida albicans following ERCP. Scott Med J. 39:17-8.

1113. Janoff, A. S., W. R. Perkins, S. L. Saleton, and C. E. Swenson. 1993. Amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC): a molecular rationale for the attenuation of amphotericin B-related toxicities. Journal of Liposome Research. 3:451-472.

1114. Jaramillo, D., A. Cortes, A. Restrepo, M. Builes, and M. Robledo. 1976. Lobomycosis. Report of the eighth Colombian case and review of the literature. J Cutan Pathol. 3:180-9.

1115. Jaruratanasirikul, S., and S. Sriwiriyajan. 1998. Effect of omeprazole on the pharmacokinetics of itraconazole. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 54:159-61.

1116. Jarvis, B. B., W. G. Sorenson, E. L. Hintikka, M. Nikulin, Y. Zhou, J. Jiang, S. Wang, S. Hinkley, R. A. Etzel, and D. Dearborn. 1998. Study of toxin production by isolates of Stachybotrys chartarum and Memnoniella echinata isolated during a study of pulmonary hemosiderosis in infants. Appl Environ Microbiol. 64:3620-5.

1117. Jesenska, Z., J. Durkovsky, J. Rosinsky, M. Polak, E. Zamboova, and B. Baca. 1992. Filamentous micromycetes in otitis. Cesk Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol. 41:337-41.

1118. Jessup, C. J., M. A. Pfaller, S. A. Messer, J. Zhang, M. Tumberland, E. K. Mbidde, and M. A. Ghannoum. 1998. Fluconazole susceptibility testing of Cryptococcus neoformans: Comparison of two broth microdilution methods and clinical correlates among isolates from Ugandan AIDS patients. J Clin Microbiol. 36:2874-2876.

1119. Jessup, C. J., N. S. Ryder, and M. A. Ghannoum. 2000. An evaluation of the in vitro activity of terbinafine. Med Mycol. 38:155-159.

1120. Jessup, C. J., T. J. Wallace, and M. A. Ghannoum. 1997. Evaluation of antifungal activity of Nyotran against various pathogenic fungi. 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Abstract No.

1121. Jessup, C. J., J. Warner, N. Isham, I. Hasan, and M. A. Ghannoum. 2000. Antifungal susceptibility testing of dermatophytes: Establishing a medium for inducing conidial growth and evaluation of susceptibility of clinical isolates. J Clin Microbiol. 38:341-344.

1122. Jiang, C., D. M. Magee, T. N. Quitugua, and R. A. Cox. 1999. Genetic vaccination against Coccidioides immitis: Comparison of vaccine efficacy of recombinant antigen 2 and antigen 2 cDNA. Infec Immunity. 67:630-635.

1123. Jimenez, E., A. Martinez, E. M. Aliouat, J. Caballero, E. Dei-Cas, and D. Gargallo-Viola. 2002. Therapeutic efficacies of GW471552 and GW471558, two new azasordarin derivatives, against pneumocystosis in two immunosuppressed-rat models. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46:2648-2650.

1124. Jin, Y., A. Endo, M. Shimada, M. Minato, M. Takada, S. Takahashi, and K. Harada. 1995. Congenital systemic candidiasis. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 14:818-820.

1125. Job, A., S. Venkateswaran, M. Mathan, H. Krishnaswami, and R. Raman. 1993. Medical therapy of rhinosporidiosis with dapsone. J Laryngol Otol. 107:809-12.

1126. Johanson, W. G., A. K. Pierce, and J. P. Sandford. 1969. Changing pharyngeal bacterial flora of hospitalized patients: Emergence of gram-negative bacilli. N. Engl. J. Med. 281:1137-1140.

1127. Johnson, D. E., T. R. Thompson, and P. Ferrieri. 1981. Congenital candidiasis. Am. J. Dis. Child. 135:273-275.

1128. Johnson, D. E., T. R. Thompson, T. P. Green, and P. Ferrieri. 1984. Systemic candidiasis in very low-birth-weight infants (less than 1,500 grams). Pediatrics. 73:138-43.

1129. Johnson, E. M., J. O. Ojwang, A. Szekely, T. L. Wallace, and D. W. Warnock. 1998. Comparison of in vitro antifungal activities of free and liposome-encapsulated nystatin with those of four amphotericin B formulations. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42:1412-1416.

1130. Johnson, E. M., A. Szekely, and D. W. Warnock. 1998. In-vitro activity of voriconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin B against filamentous fungi. J Antimicrob Chemother. 42:741-745.

1131. Johnson, E. M., A. Szekely, and D. W. Warnock. 1999. In vitro activity of Syn-2869, a novel triazole agent, against emerging and less common mold pathogens. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43:1260-1263.

1132. Johnson, G. H., T. D. Taylor, and D. W. Heid. 1989. Clinical evaluation of nystatin pastille for treatment of denture-related oral candidiasis. J Prosthet Dent. 61:699-703.

1133. Johnson, J. R., P. J. Kangas, and M. West. 1998. Serious adverse event after unrecognized substitution of one amphtoericin B lipid preparation for another [letter]. Clin. Infect. Dis. 27:1342-1343.

1134. Johnston, A. 2003. The pharmacokinetics of voriconazole. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 56 Suppl 1:1.

1135. Johnston, P., J. Lee, M. Demanski, F. Dressler, E. Tucker, M. Rothenberg, P. A. Pizzo, and T. J. Walsh. 1991. Late recurrent Candida endocarditis. Chest. 99:1531-1533.

1136. Johnston, S. R. D., E. L. Corbett, O. Foster, S. Ash, and J. Cohen. 1992. Raised intracranial pressure and visual complications in AIDS patients with cryptococcal meningitis. J. Infect. 24:185-189.

1137. Joly, J., G. Delage, P. Auger, and P. Ricard. 1978. Favus: twenty indigenous cases in the province of Quebec. Arch Dermatol. 114:1647-8.

1138. Joly, V., N. Belmatoug, A. Leperre, J. Robert, F. Jault, C. Carbon, and P. Yeni. 1997. Pacemaker endocarditis due to Candida albicans: Case report and review. Clin. Infect. Dis. 25:1359-1362.

1139. Jones, D. B. 1978. Therapy of postsurgical fungal endophthalmitis. Ophthalmology. 85:357-73.

1140. Jones, D. B., M. T. Green, M. S. Osato, P. H. Broberg, and L. O. Gentry. 1981. Endogenous Candida albicans endophthalmitis in the rabbit. Chemotherapy for systemic effect. Arch Ophthalmol. 99:2182-7.

1141. Joseph-Horne, T., R. S. T. Loeffler, D. W. Hollomon, and S. L. Kelly. 1996. Amphotericin B resistant isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans without alteration in sterol biosynthesis. J. Med. Vet. Mycol. 34:223-225.

1142. Joshi, N., and B. H. Hamory. 1991. Endophthalmitis caused by non-albicans species of Candida. Rev. Infect. Dis. 13:281-287.

1143. Just-Nubling, G., W. Heise, G. Rieg, S. Dieckmann, W. Enzensberger, M. L’Lage, E. B. Helm, and W. Stille. 1996. Triple combination of amphotericin B, flucytosine and fluconazole for treatment of acute cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS. 3rd International Conference on Cryptococcus and Cryptococcosis, Abstract No. V5.

1144. Kalenic, S., M. Jandrlic, V. Vegar, N. Zuech, A. Sekulic, and E. Mlinaric-Missoni. 2001. Hansenula anomala outbreak at a surgical intensive care unit: A search for risk factors. Eur J Epidemiol. 17:491-496.

1145. Kalter, D. C., J. A. Tschen, P. L. Cernoch, M. E. McBride, J. Sperber, S. Bruce, and J. E. Wolf, Jr. 1986. Genital white piedra: epidemiology, microbiology, and therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 14:982-93.

1146. Kanbe, T., and J. E. Cutler. 1998. Minimum chemical requirements for adhesin activity of the acid-stable part of Candida albicans cell wall phosphomannoprotein complex. Infec Immunity. 66:5812-5818.

1147. Kanda, Y., M. Kami, T. Matsuyama, K. Mitani, S. Chiba, Y. Yazaki, and H. Hirai. 1998. Plasma concentration of itraconazole in patients receiving chemotherapy for hematological malignancies: The effect of famotidine on the absorption of itraconazole. Hematol Oncol. 16:33-37.

1148. Kaneko, F., K. Tsuchiya, Y. Miura, K. Kishiyama, Y. Kusakabe, S. Matsumoto, and M. Watanabe. 1982. Clinical observations on a case of immuno-deficiency and thymoma (Good’s syndrome) associated with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. J Dermatol. 9:355-65.

1149. Kanj, S. S., K. Welty-Wolf, J. Madden, V. Tapson, M. A. Baz, R. D. Davis, and J. R. Perfect. 1996. Fungal infections in lung and heart-lung transplant recipients. Report of 9 cases and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 75:142-56.

1150. Kao, A. S., M. E. Brandt, W. R. Pruitt, L. A. Conn, B. A. Perkins, D. S. Stephens, W. S. Baughman, A. L. Reingold, G. A. Rothrock, M. A. Pfaller, R. W. Pinner, and R. A. Hajjeh. 1999. The epidemiology of candidemia in two United States cities: Results of a population-based active surveillance. Clin Infect Dis. 29:1164-1170.

1151. Kaplan, M. H., P. P. Rosen, and D. Armstrong. 1977. Cryptococcosis in a cancer hospital: clinical and pathological correlates in forty-six patients. Cancer. 39:2265-74.

1152. Kappe, R. 1999. Antifungal activity of the new azole UK-109, 496 (voriconazole). Mycoses. 42:83-86.

1153. Kappe, R., and A. Schulze-Berge. 1993. New cause for false-positive results with the Pastorex Aspergillus antigen latex agglutination test. J. Clin. Microbiol. 31:2489-2490.

1154. Karabinis, A., C. Hill, B. Leclerq, C. Tancr?de, D. Baume, and A. Andremont. 1988. Risk factors for candidemia in cancer patients: a case-control study. J. Clin. Microbiol. 26:429-432.

1155. Kartsonis, N., M. J. DiNubile, K. Bartizal, P. S. Hicks, D. Ryan, and C. A. Sable. 2002. Efficacy of caspofungin in the treatment of esophageal candidiasis resistant to fluconazole. J. Acq. Immune Defic. Syndrome Hum. Retrovirol. 31:183-187.

1156. Karyotakis, N. C., and E. J. Anaissie. 1994. Efficacy of escalating doses of liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) against hematogenous Candida lusitaniae and Candida krusei infection in neutropenic mice. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38:2660-2662.

1157. Karyotakis, N. C., E. J. Anaissie, R. Hachem, M. C. Dignani, and G. Samonis. 1993. Comparison of the efficacy of polyenes and triazoles against hematogenous Candida krusei infection in neutropenic mice. J. Infect. Dis. 168:1311-1313.

1158. Kashimoto, T., H. Kitagawa, and H. Kachi. 1986. Candida tropicalis vertebral osteomyelitis and discitis. A case report and discussion on the diagnosis and treatment. Spine. 11:57-61.

1159. Kashuba, D. M., and J. S. Bertino. 2001. Mechanisms of drug interactions. In S. C. Piscitelli and K. A. Rodvold (ed.), Drug Interactions in Infectious Diseases. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ.

1160. Kassner, E. G., S. L. Kauffman, J. J. Yoon, M. Semiglia, P. J. Kozinn, and P. L. Goldberg. 1981. Pulmonary candidiasis in infants clinical, radiologic and pathologic features. Am. J. Roentgenol. 137:707-716.

1161. Katz, G., K. Winchester, and S. Lam. 1993. Ocular aspergillosis isolated in the anterior chamber. Ophthalmology. 100:1815-1818.

1162. Katzenstein, D. 1985. Isolated Candida arthritis: report of a case and definition of a distinct clinical syndrome. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 28:1421-4.

1163. Kauffman, C. A. 1996. Quandary about treatment of aspergillomas persists [see comments]. Lancet. 347:1640.

1164. Kauffman, C. A. 1999. Sporotrichosis. Clin Infect Dis. 29:231-237.

1165. Kauffman, C. A., S. F. Bradley, S. C. Ross, and D. R. Weber. 1991. Hepatosplenic candidiasis: Successful treatment with fluconazole. Am. J. Med. 91:137-141.

1166. Kauffman, C. A., S. F. Bradley, and A. K. Vine. 1993. Candida endophthalmitis associated with intraocular lens implantation: Efficacy of fluconazole therapy. Mycoses. 36:13-17.

1167. Kauffman, C. A., and P. T. Frame. 1977. Bone marrow toxicity associated with 5-fluorocytosine therapy. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 11:244-7.

1168. Kauffman, C. A., R. Hajjeh, S. W. Chapman, and Mycoses Study Group. 2000. Practice guidelines for the management of patients with sporotrichosis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 30:684-687.

1169. Kauffman, C. A., P. G. Pappas, D. S. McKinsey, R. A. Greenfield, J. R. Perfect, G. A. Cloud, C. J. Thomas, W. E. Dismukes, and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group. 1996. Treatment of lymphocutaneous and visceral sporotrichosis with fluconazole. Clin. Infect. Dis. 22:46-50.

1170. Kauffman, C. A., M. J. Shea, and P. T. Frame. 1981. Invasive fungal infections in patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Arch Intern Med. 141:1076-9.

1171. Kauffman, C. A., J. A. Vazquez, J. D. Sobel, H. A. Gallis, D. S. McKinsey, A. W. Karchmer, A. M. Sugar, P. K. Sharkey, G. J. Wise, R. Mangi, A. Mosher, J. Y. Lee, and W. E. Dismukes. 2000. Prospective multicenter surveillance study of funguria in hospitalized patients. Clin Infect Dis. 30:14-18.

1172. Kauffmann-Lacroix, C., M. H. Rodier, and J. L. Jacquemin. 1998. Emergence of yeasts’ species other than Candida albicans in the blood cultures of Poitiers’ University Hospital since 1995. J Mycologie Medicale. 8:116-117.

1173. Kaufman, L. 1992. Immunohistologic diagnosis of systemic mycoses: an update. Eur J Epidemiol. 8:377-82.

1174. Kaufman, L., G. Valero, and A. A. Padhye. 1998. Misleading manifestations of Coccidioides immitis in vivo. J Clin Microbiol. 36:3721-3723.

1175. Kaur, R., N. Mittal, M. Kakkar, A. K. Aggarwal, and M. D. Mathur. 2000. Otomycosis: a clinicomycologic study. Ear Nose Throat J. 79:606-9.

1176. Keay, S., D. W. Denning, and D. A. Stevens. 1991. Endocarditis due to Trichosporon beigelii: In vitro susceptibility of isolates and review. Rev. Infect. Dis. 13:383-386.

1177. Keegan, K. G., C. L. Dillavou, S. E. Turnquist, and W. H. Fales. 1995. Subcutaneous mycetoma-like granuloma in a horse caused by Aspergillus versicolor. J Vet Diagn Invest. 7:564-7.

1178. Keiser, P., and S. Keay. 1992. Candidal pancreatic abscesses: report of two cases and review. Clin. Infect. Dis. 14:884-888.

1179. Keller, S. M., M. A. Viviani, M. C. Esposto, M. Cogliati, and B. L. Wickes. 2003. Molecular and genetic characterization of a serotype A MATa Cryptococcus neoformans isolate. Microbiology. 149:131-42.

1180. Kelly, S. L., D. C. Lamb, M. Taylor, A. J. Corran, B. C. Baldwin, and W. G. Powderly. 1994. Resistance to amphotericin B associated with defective sterol delta 8–>7 isomerase in a Cryptococcus neoformans strain from an AIDS patient. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 122:39-42.

1181. Kerkering, T. M., R. J. Duma, and S. Shadomy. 1981. The evolution of pulmonary cryptococcosis. Clinical implications from a study of 41 patients with and without compromising host factors. Ann. Intern. Med. 94:611-616.

1182. Kerkering, T. M., A. Espinel-Ingroff, and S. Shadomy. 1979. Detection of candida antigenemia by counterimmunoelectrophoresis in patients with invasive candidiasis. J. Infect. Dis. 140:659-664.

1183. Kerr, P. G., H. Turner, A. Davidson, C. Bennett, and M. Maslen. 1988. Zygomycosis requiring amputation of the hand: An isolated case in a patient receiving haemodialysis. The Medical Journal of Australia. 148:258-259.

1184. Kershaw, P., R. Freeman, D. Templeton, P. C. DeGirolami, U. DeGirolami, D. Tarsy, S. Hoffmann, G. Eliopoulos, and A. W. Karchmer. 1990. Pseudallescheria boydii infection of the central nervous system. Arch Neurol. 47:468-72.

1185. Khalil, M., A. R. Iwatt, and H. C. Gugnani. 1989. African histoplasmosis masquerading as carcinoma of the colon. Report of a case and review of literature. Diseases of the Colon & Rectum. 32:518-520.

1186. Khalil, M. A., A. W. Hassan, and H. C. Gugnani. 1998. African histoplasmosis: report of four cases from northeastern Nigeria. Mycoses. 41:293-295.

1187. Khan, S. I., A. C. Nimrod, M. Mehrpooya, J. L. Nitiss, L. A. Walker, and A. M. Clark. 2002. Antifungal activity of eupolauridine and its action on DNA topoisomerases. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46:1785-1792.

1188. Kiehn, T. E., C. Capitolo, J. B. Mayo, and D. Armstrong. 1981. Comparative recovery of fungi from biphasic and conventional blood culture media. J. Clin. Microbiol. 14:681-683.

1189. Kiehn, T. E., E. Gorey, A. E. Brown, F. F. Edwards, and D. Armstrong. 1992. Sepsis due to Rhodotorula related to use of indwelling central venous catheters. Clin. Infect. Dis. 14:841-846.

1190. Kiehn, T. E., P. E. Nelson, E. M. Bernard, F. F. Edwards, B. Koziner, and D. Armstrong. 1985. Catheter-associated fungemia caused by Fusarium chlamydosporum in a patient with lymphocytic lymphoma. J Clin Microbiol. 21:501-4.

1191. Kimura, M., S. Udagawa, N. Toyazaki, M. Iimori, and S. Hashimoto. 1995. Isolation of Rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis in the ulcer of human gastric carcinoma. J Med Vet Mycol. 33:137-9.

1192. King, K., L. W. Cheever, A. Hood, T. D. Horn, M. G. Rinaldi, and W. G. Merz. 1996. Primary invasive cutaneous Microsporum canisinfections in immunocompromised patients. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:460-462.

1193. Kinsman, O. S., P. A. Chalk, H. C. Jackson, R. F. Middleton, A. Shuttleworth, B. A. Rudd, C. A. Jones, H. M. Noble, H. G. Wildman, M. J. Dawson, C. Stylli, P. J. Sidebottom, B. Lamont, S. Lynn, and M. V. Hayes. 1998. Isolation and characterisation of an antifungal antibiotic (GR135402) with protein synthesis inhibition. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 51:41-9.

1194. Kiraz, N., Z. Gulbas, Y. Akgun, and O. Uzun. 2001. Lymphadenitis caused by Scedosporium apiospermum in an immunocompetent patient. Clin Infect Dis. 32:E59-E61.

1195. Kirby, G. W., D. J. Robins, M. A. Sefton, and R. R. Talekar. 1980. Biosynthesis of bisdethiobis(methylthio)gliotoxin, a new metabolite of Gliocladium deliquescens. Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions I:119-121.

1196. Kirkpatrick. 1993. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, p. 167-184. In G. P. Bodey (ed.), Candidiasis: Pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Raven Press, Ltd., New York.

1197. Kirkpatrick, C. H. 1994. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. J. Amer. Acad. Dermatol. 31 (Suppl. 2):S14-S17.

1198. Kirkpatrick, C. H. 1989. Chronic mucucutaneous candidiasis. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 8:448-456.

1199. Kirkpatrick, C. H., L. E. Greenberg, S. W. Chapman, G. Goldstein, V. M. Lewis, and J. J. Twomey. 1978. Plasma thymic hormone activity in patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Clin Exp Immunol. 34:311-7.

1200. Kirkpatrick, C. H., E. A. Ottenson, T. K. Smith, S. A. Wells, and J. F. Burdick. 1976. Reconstitution of defective cellular immunity with foetal thymus and dialysable transfer factor. Long-term studies in a patient with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Clin Exp Immunol. 23:414-28.

1201. Kirkpatrick, C. H., E. A. Petersen, and D. W. Alling. 1980. Treatment of chronic mucocutaneous candidosis with ketoconazole: preliminary results of a controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Rev Infect Dis. 2:599.

1202. Kirkpatrick, C. H., R. R. Rich, R. G. Graw, Jr., T. K. Smith, I. Mickenberg, and G. N. Rogentine. 1971. Treatment of chronic mucocutaneous moniliasis by immunologic reconstitution. Clin Exp Immunol. 9:733-48.

1203. Kirkpatrick, C. H., and P. Sonnle. 1981. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, p. 495-514. In B. Safai and R. A. Good (ed.), Immunodermatology. Plenum Meidcal Book, New York.

1204. Kirkpatrick, C. H., and D. B. Windhorst. 1979. Mucocutaneous candidiasis and thymoma. Am J Med. 66:939-45.

1205. Klapholz, A., L. Wasser, S. Stein, and W. Talavera. 1988. Candida pneumonia secondary to an acquired tracheoesophageal fistula in a patient with AIDS. New York State Journal of Medicine. 88:279-280.

1206. Klastersky, J., M. P. Glauser, S. C. Schimpff, S. H. Zinner, and H. Gaya. 1986. Prospective randomized comparison of three antibiotic regimens for empirical therapy of suspected bacteremic infection in febrile granulocytopenic patients. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 29:263-70.

1207. Klein, B. S., B. D. Aizenstein, and L. H. Hogan. 1997. African strains of Blastomyces dermatitidis that do not express surface adhesin WI-1. Infect Immun. 65:1505-9.

1208. Klein, B. S., J. M. Vergeront, and J. P. Davis. 1986. Epidemiologic aspects of blastomycosis, the enigmatic systemic mycosis. Semin Respir Infect. 1:29-39.

1209. Klein, B. S., J. M. Vergeront, A. F. DiSalvo, L. Kaufman, and J. P. Davis. 1987. Two outbreaks of blastomycosis along rivers in Wisconsin. Isolation of Blastomyces dermatitidis from riverbank soil and evidence of its transmission along waterways. Am Rev Respir Dis. 136:1333-8.

1210. Klein, B. S., J. M. Vergeront, R. J. Weeks, U. N. Kumar, G. Mathai, B. Varkey, L. Kaufman, R. W. Bradsher, J. F. Stoebig, and J. P. Davis. 1986. Isolation of Blastomyces dermatitidis in soil associated with a large outbreak of blastomycosis in Wisconsin. N Engl J Med. 314:529-34.

1211. Klein, J. D., T. Yamauchi, and S. P. Horlick. 1972. Neonatal candidiasis, meningitis, and arthritis: Observations and a review of the literature. J. Pediatr. 81:31-34.

1212. Klein, J. J., and C. Watanakunakorn. 1979. Hospital-acquired fungemia: Its natural course and clinical significance. Am. J. Med. 67:51-58.

1213. Klein, N. C., C. H. U. Go, and B. A. Cunha. 2001. Infections associated with steroid use. Infect Dis Clin N Amer. 15:423-432,VIII.

1214. Klein, R. S., C. A. Harris, C. B. Small, B. Moll, M. Lesser, and G. H. Friedland. 1984. Oral candidiasis in high-risk patients as the initial manifestation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 311:354-358.

1215. Klich, M. A., and J. I. Pitt. 1988. A Laboratory Guide to Common Aspergillus Species and their Teleomorphs. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia.

1216. Klotz, S. A. 1989. Malassezia furfur. Infect. Dis. Clin. North. Am. 3:53-64.

1217. Kluger, E. K., P. K. Della Torre, P. Martin, M. B. Krockenberger, and R. Malik. 2004. Concurrent Fusarium chlamydosporum and Microsphaeropsis arundinis infections in a cat. J Feline Med Surg. 6:271-7.

1218. Knox, W. F., V. N. Hooton, and A. J. Barson. 1987. Pulmonary vascular candidiasis and use of central venous catheters in neonates. J. Clin. Pathol. 40:559-565.

1219. Knudtson, W. U., and C. A. Kirkbride. 1992. Fungi associated with bovine abortion in the northern plains states (USA). J Vet Diagn Invest. 4:181-5.

1220. Kohan, S. L., C. E. Guillen, E. M. Pardes, M. Junco, R. J. Soto, and G. C. Sartorio. 1992. Effects of ketoconazole on the iodide uptake by FRTL-5 cells. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 127:449-453.

1221. Kohler, S., L. J. Wheat, P. Connolly, C. Schnizlein-Bick, M. Durkin, M. Smedema, J. Goldberg, and E. Brizendine. 2000. Comparison of the echinocandin caspofungin with amphotericin B for treatment of histoplasmosis following pulmonary challenge in a murine model. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:1850-1854.

1222. Koike, K., M. Ogawa, J. N. Ihle, T. Miyake, T. Shimizu, A. Miyajima, T. Yokota, and K. Arai. 1987. Recombinant murine granulocyte-macrophage (GM) colony-stimulating factor supports formation of GM and multipotential blast cell colonies in culture: comparison with the effects of interleukin-3. Journal of Cellular Physiology. 131:458-64.

1223. Koletar, S. L., J. A. Russell, R. J. Fass, and J. F. Plouffe. 1990. Comparison of oral fluconazole and clotrimazole troches as treatment for oral Candidiasis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 34:2267-2268.

1224. Komshian, S. V., A. K. Uwaydah, J. D. Sobel, and L. R. Crane. 1989. Fungemia caused by Candida species and Torulopsis glabrata in the hospitalized patient: frequency, characteristics, and evaluation of factors influencing outcome. Rev. Infect. Dis. 11:379-390.

1225. Kontoyiannis, D. P. 2000. Efflux-mediated resistance to fluconazole could be modulated by sterol homeostasis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Antimicrob Chemother. 46:199-203.

1226. Kontoyiannis, D. P. 2000. Fluconazole inhibits pseudohyphal growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Chemotherapy. 46:100-3.

1227. Kontoyiannis, D. P. 1999. Genetic analysis of azole resistance by transposon mutagenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43:2731-5.

1228. Kontoyiannis, D. P. 2000. Modulation of fluconazole sensitivity by the interaction of mitochondria and erg3p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Antimicrob Chemother. 46:191-7.

1229. Kontoyiannis, D. P., R. E. Lewis, G. S. May, N. Osherov, and M. G. Rinaldi. 2002. Aspergillus nidulans is frequently resistant to amphotericin B. Mycoses. 45:406-407.

1230. Kontoyiannis, D. P., B. T. Reddy, H. A. Torres, M. Luna, R. E. Lewis, J. Tarrand, G. P. Bodey, and Raad, II. 2002. Pulmonary candidiasis in patients with cancer: An autopsy study. Clin Infect Dis. 34:400-403.

1231. Kontoyiannis, D. P., and S. Rupp. 2000. Cyclic AMP and fluconazole resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:1743-4.

1232. Kontoyiannis, D. P., N. Sagar, and K. D. Hirschi. 1999. Overexpression of Erg11p by the regulatable GAL1 promoter confers fluconazole resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43:2798-2800.

1233. Kontoyiannis, D. P., V. C. Wessel, G. P. Bodey, and K. V. I. Rolston. 2000. Zygomycosis in the 1990s in a tertiary-care cancer center. Clin Infect Dis. 30:851-856.

1234. Koppel, B. S., G. P. Wormser, A. J. Tuchman, S. Maayan, D. Hewlett, Jr., and M. Daras. 1985. Central nervous system involvement in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Acta Neurol Scand. 71:337-53.

1235. Korfel, A., H. D. Menssen, S. Schwartz, and E. Thiel. 1998. Cryptococcosis in Hodgkin’s disease: description of two cases and review of the literature. Ann. Hematol. 76:283-6.

1236. Korting, H. C., M. Ollert, D. Abeck, and The German Colloborative Dermatophyte Drug Susceptibility Study Group. 1995. Results of German multicenter study of antimicrobial susceptibilities of Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes strains causing tinea unguium. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39:1206-1208.

1237. Korting, H. C., M. Schafer-Korting, H. Zienicke, A. Georgii, and M. W. Ollert. 1993. Treatment of tinea unguium with medium and high doses of ultramicrosize griseofulvin compared with that with itraconazole. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37:2064-8.

1238. Korzets, A., M. Weinberger, A. Chagnac, A. Goldschmied-Reouven, M. G. Rinaldi, and D. A. Sutton. 2001. Peritonitis due to Thermoascus taitungiacus (anamorph Paecilomyces taitungiacus). J Clin Microbiol. 39:720-724.

1239. Koshi, G., V. Anandi, M. Kurien, M. G. Kirubakaran, A. A. Padhye, and L. Ajello. 1987. Nasal phaeohyphomycosis caused by Bipolaris hawaiiensis. J. Med. Vet. Mycol. 25:397-402.

1240. Kostman, J. R., and M. J. DiNubile. 1993. Nodular lymphangitis: a distinctive but often unrecognized syndrome. Ann. Intern. Med. 118:883-888.

1241. Kovacicova, G., S. Spanik, A. Kunova, J. Trupl, A. Sabo, P. Koren, M. Sulcova, F. Mateicka, J. Novotny, E. Pichnova, L. Jurga, B. Chmelik, T. Obertik, D. West, and V. Krcmery, Jr. 2001. Prospective study of fungaemia in a single cancer institution over a 10-y period: Aetiology, risk factors, consumption of antifungals and outcome in 140 patients. Scand J Infec Dis. 33:367-374.

1242. Kovacs, J. A., A. A. Kovacs, P. M, W. C. Wright, G. V. J, C. U. Tuazon, E. P. Gelmann, H. C. Lane, R. Longfield, G. Overturb, A. M. Macher, A. S. Fauci, J. E. Parrillo, J. E. Bennett, and H. Masur. 1985. Cryptococcosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann. Intern. Med. 103:533-538.

1243. Kozakiewicz, Z. 1989. Aspergillus species on stored products. CAB International Mycological Institute, Wallingford, Oxon, United Kingdom.

1244. Koziel, H. 2002. Pneumocystis carinii, p. 227-260. In R. A. Calderone and R. L. Cihlar (ed.), Fungal Pathogenesis-Principles and Clinical Applications. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.

1245. Kozinn, P. J., C. L. Taschdjian, M. S. Seelig, L. Caroline, and A. Teitler. 1969. Diagnosis and therapy of systemic candidiasis. Sabouraudia. 7:98-109.

1246. Kozinn, P. J., C. L. Taschojian, P. K. Goldberg, W. P. Protzmann, D. W. R. MacKenzie, J. S. Remington, S. Anderson, and M. S. Seelig. 1978. Efficiency of serologic tests in the diagnosis of systemic candidiasis. Am. J. Clin. Path. 70:893-989.

1247. Krcmery, S., M. Dubrava, and V. Krcmery, Jr. 1999. Fungal urinary tract infections in patients at risk. Int J Antimicrobial Agents. 11:289-291.

1248. Krcmery, V., Jr., and G. Kovacicova. 2000. Longitudinal 10-year prospective survey of fungaemia in Slovak Republic: trends in etiology in 310 episodes. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 36:7-11.

1249. Krcmery, V., Jr., F. Mateicka, A. Kunova, S. Spanik, J. Gyarfas, Z. Sycova, and J. Trupl. 1999. Hematogenous trichosporonosis in cancer patients: report of 12 cases including 5 during prophylaxis with itraconazol. Support Care Cancer. 7:39-43.

1250. Krcmery, V., Jr., E. Oravcova, S. Spanik, M. Mrazova-Studena, J. Trupl, A. Kunova, K. Stopkova-Grey, E. Kukuckova, I. Krupova, A. Demitrovicova, and K. Kralovicova. 1998. Nosocomial breakthrough fungaemia during antifungal prophylaxis or empirical antifungal therapy in 41 cancer patients receiving antineoplastic chemotherapy: analysis of aetiology risk factors and outcome. J Antimicrob Chemother. 41:373-380.

1251. Krcmery, V., I. Krupova, and D. W. Denning. 1999. Invasive yeast infections other than Candida spp. in acute leukaemia. J Hosp Infect. 41:181-194.

1252. Kriesel, J. D., E. E. Adderson, W. M. r. Gooch, and A. T. Pavia. 1994. Invasive sinonasal disease due to Scopulariopsis candida: case report and review of scopulariopsosis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 19:317-319.

1253. Krisher, K. K., N. B. Holdridge, M. M. Mustafa, M. G. Rinaldi, and D. A. McGough. 1995. Disseminated Microascus cirrosus infection in pediatric bone marrow transplant recipient. J Clin Microbiol. 33:735-7.

1254. Krishna, R., D. Amuh, C. Y. Lowder, S. M. Gordon, K. A. Adal, and G. Hall. 2000. Should all patients with candidaemia have an ophthalmic examination to rule out ocular candidiasis? Eye. 14:30-34.

1255. Krogh, P., P. Holmstrup, P. Vedtofte, and J. J. Pindborg. 1986. Yeast organisms associated with human oral leukoplakia. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl. 121:51-5.

1256. Kruger, W. H., N. Kroger, B. Russmann, H. Renges, H. Kabisch, and A. R. Zander. 1998. Treatment of mycotic infections after haemopoietic progenitor cell transplantation with liposomal amphotericin B. Bone Marrow Transplant. 22:S10-3.

1257. Krumholz, R. A. 1972. Pulmonary cryptococcosis. A case due to Cryptococcus albidus. Am Rev Respir Dis. 105:421-4.

1258. Krzeska, I., R. A. Yeates, and G. Pfaff. 1993. Single dose intravenous pharmacokinetics of fluconazole in infants. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 19:267-71.

1259. Kuehnert, M. J., E. Clark, S. R. Lockhart, D. R. Soll, J. Chia, and W. R. Jarvis. 1998. Candida albicans endocarditis associated with a contaminated aortic valve allograft: implications for regulation of allograft processing. Clin Infect Dis. 27:688-91.

1260. Kuhls, K., E. Lieckfeldt, T. Borner, and E. Gueho. 1999. Molecular reidentification of human pathogenic Trichoderma isolates as Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Trichoderma citrinoviride. Med Mycol. 37:25-33.

1261. Kuhn, D. M., and M. A. Ghannoum. 2003. Indoor mold, toxigenic fungi, and Stachybotrys chartarum: Infectious disease perspective. Clin Microbiol Rev. 16:144-72.

1262. Kuhn, F. A., and A. R. Javer. 2000. Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis – Perioperative management, prevention of recurrence, and role of steroids and antifungal agents. Otolaryngol Clin N Amer. 33:419-432,XI,NIL_5.

1263. Kujath, P., K. Lerch, and J. Dammrich. 1990. Fluconazole monitoring in Candida peritonitis based on histological control. Mycoses. 33:441-448.

1264. Kumar, M., and M. Komaiko. 1990. Neonatal ultrasound casebook. Bladder fungus ball in disseminated candidiasis. J Perinatol. 10:320-1.

1265. Kunstyr, I., F. Jelinek, U. Bitzenhofer, and W. Pittermann. 1997. Fungus Paecilomyces: a new agent in laboratory animals. Lab Anim. 31:45-51.

1266. Kurosawa, A., S. C. Pollock, M. P. Collins, C. R. Kraff, and M. O. M. Tso. 1988. Sporothrix schenckii endophthalmitis in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Arch. Ophthalmol. 106:376-380.

1267. Kurtz, M. B., G. Abruzzo, A. Flattery, K. Bartizal, J. A. Marrinan, W. Li, J. Milligan, K. Nollstadt, and C. M. Douglas. 1996. Characterization of echinocandin-resistant mutants of Candida albicans: Genetic, biochemical, and virulence studies. Infect. Immun. 64:3244-3251.

1268. Kurtz, M. B., and C. M. Douglas. 1997. Lipopeptide inhibitors of fungal glucan synthase. J Med Vet Mycol. 35:79-86.

1269. Kurtz, M. B., I. B. Heath, J. Marrinan, S. Dreikorn, J. Onishi, and C. Douglas. 1994. Morphological effects of lipopeptides against Aspergillus fumigatus correlate with activities against (1,3)-b-D-glucan synthase. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38:1480-1489.

1270. Kurtzman, C. P., and J. W. Fell (ed.). 2000. The Yeasts. A Taxonomic Study. Elsevier Scientific B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

1271. Kurup, V. P., and B. Banerjee. 2000. Fungal allergens and peptide epitopes. Peptides. 21:589-599.

1272. Kustimur, S., A. Kalkanci, K. Caglar, M. Dizbay, F. Aktas, and T. Sugita. 2002. Nosocomial fungemia due to Trichosporon asteroides: firstly described bloodstream infection. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 43:167-170.

1273. Kwon-Chung, K. J. 1979. Comparison of isolates of Sporothrix schenckii obtained from fixed cutaneous lesions with isolates from other types of lesions. J. Infect. Dis. 139:424-431.

1274. Kwon-Chung, K. J., and J. E. Bennett. 1992. Medical Mycology. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.

1275. Kwon-Chung, K. J., T. C. Sorrell, F. Dromer, E. Fung, and S. M. Levitz. 2000. Cryptococcosis: clinical and biological aspects. Med Mycol. 38:205-213.

1276. La Mantia, L., A. Salmaggi, L. Tajoli, D. Cerrato, E. Lamperti, A. Nespolo, and G. Bussone. 1986. Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis: intrathecal immunological response. J Neurol. 233:362-6.

1277. Labadie, E. L., and R. H. Hamilton. 1986. Survival improvement in coccidioidal meningitis by high-dose intrathecal amphotericin B. Arch Intern Med. 146:2013-8.

1278. Lackner, H., W. Schwinger, C. Urban, W. Muller, E. Ritschel, F. Reiterer, M. Kuttnig-Haim, B. Urlesberger, and C. Hauer. 1992. Liposomal amphotericin-B (AmBisome) for treatment of disseminated fungal infections in two infants of very low birth weight [see comments]. Pediatrics. 89:1259-61.

1279. Lafont, A., A. Olive, M. Gelman, J. Roca-Burniols, R. Cots, and J. Carbonell. 1994. Candida albicans spondylodiscitis and vertebral osteomyelitis in patients with intravenous heroin drug addiction. Report of 3 new cases. J. Rheumatol. 21:953-956.

1280. Lafont, A., M. Wolff, C. Marche, B. Clair, and B. Regnier. 1990. Overwhelming myocarditis due to Cryptococcus neoformans in an AIDS patient. Lancet:1145-1146.

1281. Laguna del Estal, P., M. J. Marchena, M. S. Moya, S. Calabrese, and M. J. Lucero. 1994. [Disseminated candidiasis in parenteral drug addicts. Report of 15 cases (see comments)]. An Med Interna. 11:537-40.

1282. Laguna, F., J. L. Rodriguez-Tudela, and A. Enriquez. 1994. Fungemia due to fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans in a patient with AIDS. Clin. Infect. Dis. 19:543-543.

1283. Laine, L., R. H. Dretler, C. N. Conteas, C. Tuazon, F. M. Koster, F. Sattler, K. Squires, and M. Z. Islan. 1992. Fluconazole compared with ketoconazole for the treatment of Candida esophagitis in AIDS: A randomized trial. Ann. Intern. Med. 117:655-660.

1284. Laing, R. B. S., L. J. R. Milne, C. L. S. Leen, G. P. Malcom, and A. J. Steers. 1994. Anaphylactic reactions to liposomal amphotericin (letter). Lancet. 344:682.

1285. Lake, F. R., J. H. Froudist, R. McAleer, R. L. Gillon, A. E. Tribe, and P. J. Thompson. 1991. Allergic bronchopulmonary fungal disease caused by Bipolaris and Curvularia. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Medicine. 21:871-4.

1286. Lake, F. R., A. E. Tribe, R. McAleer, J. Froudist, and P. J. Thompson. 1990. Mixed allergic bronchopulmonary fungal disease due to Pseudallescheria boydii and Aspergillus. Thorax. 45:489-91.

1287. Lakshmi, V., T. S. Rani, S. Sharma, V. S. Mohan, C. Sundaram, R. R. Rao, and G. Satyanarayana. 1993. Zygomycotic necrotizing fasciitis caused by Apophysomyces elegans. J. Clin. Microbiol. 31:1368-1369.

1288. Lamminen, A. E., V. J. Anttila, S. Bondestam, T. Ruutu, and P. J. Ruutu. 1994. Infectious liver foci in leukemia: comparison of short-inversion-time inversion-recovery, T1-weighted spin-echo, and dynamic gadolinium- enhanced MR imaging. Radiology. 191:539-43.

1289. Landay, M. E., and J. Schwarz. 1971. Primary cutaneous blastomycosis. Arch Dermatol. 104:408-9 passim.

1290. Lander, F., H. W. Meyer, and S. Norn. 2001. Serum IgE specific to indoor moulds, measured by basophil histamin release, is associated with building-related symptoms in damp buildings. Inflamm Res. 50:227-231.

1291. Lange, D., J. H. Pavao, J. Wu, and M. Klausner. 1997. Effect of a cola beverage on the bioavailability of itraconazole in the presence of H2 blockers. J Clin Pharmacol. 37:535-40.

1292. Lange, M., J. Roszkiewicz, A. Szczerkowska-Dobosz, E. Jasiel-Walikowska, and B. Bykowska. 2006. Onychomycosis is no longer a rare finding in children. Mycoses. 49:55-9.

1293. Langenhaeck, M., and T. Zeyen. 1993. Fungal endophthalmitis: A report of two cases. Bull. Soc. Belge. Ophthalmol. 250:63-66.

1294. Larocco, M., A. Dorenbaum, A. Robinson, and L. K. Pickering. 1988. Recovery of Malassezia pachydermatis from eight infants in a neonatal intensive care nursery: clinical and laboratory features. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 7:398-401.

1295. Larone, D. H. 1995. Medically Important Fungi – A Guide to Identification, 3rd ed. ASM Press, Washington, D.C.

1296. Larsen, R. A., S. Bozzette, J. A. McCutchan, J. Chiu, M. A. Leal, and D. D. Richman. 1989. Persistent Cryptococcus neoformans infection of the prostate after successful treatment of meningitis. California Collaborative Treatment Group. Ann. Intern. Med. 111:125-8.

1297. Larsen, R. A., S. A. Bozzette, B. E. Jones, D. Haghighat, M. A. Leal, D. Forthal, M. Bauer, J. G. Tilles, J. A. McCutchan, and J. M. Leedom. 1994. Fluconazole combined with flucytosine for treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS. Clin. Infect. Dis. 19:741-745.

1298. Larsh, H. W., and J. Schwarz. 1977. Accidental inoculation blastomycosis. Cutis. 19:334-5, 337.

1299. Larson, D. M., M. R. Eckman, R. L. Alber, and V. G. Goldschmidt. 1983. Primary cutaneous (inoculation) blastomycosis: an occupational hazard to pathologists. Am J Clin Pathol. 79:253-5.

1300. Latham, R. H. 2000. Bipolaris spicifera meningitis complicating a neurosurgerical procedure. Scand J Infect Dis. 32:102-3.

1301. Laufer, J., B. Reichman, M. Graif, and M. Brish. 1986. Anuria in a premature infant due to ureteropelvic fungal bezoars. Eur J Pediatr. 145:125-7.

1302. Lauharanta, J. 1992. Comparative efficacy and safety of amorolfine nail lacquer 2% versus 5% once weekly. Clin Exp Dermatol. 17 (Suppl 1):41-43.

1303. Launay, O., O. Lortholary, C. Bouges-Michel, B. Jarrousse, M. Bentata, and L. Guillevin. 1998. Candidemia: A nosocomial complication in adults with late-stage AIDS. Clin. Infect. Dis. 26:1134-1141.

1304. Law, D., C. B. Moore, and D. W. Denning. 1997. Amphotericin B resistance testing of Candida spp.: A comparison of methods. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 40:109-112.

1305. Law, E. J., O. J. Kin, D. D. Stieritz, and B. G. MacMilllian. 1972. Experience wih systemic candidiasis in the burned patient. J. Trauma. 12:543-552.

1306. Lawrence, R. M., W. T. Snodgrass, G. W. Reichel, A. A. Padhyl, L. Ajello, and F. W. Chandler. 1986. Systemic zygomycosis caused by Apophysomyces elegans. J. Med. Vet. Mycol. 24:57-65.

1307. Lazera, M. S., M. A. S. Cavalcanti, L. Trilles, M. M. Nishikawa, and B. Wanke. 1998. Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii – evidence for a natural habitat related to decaying wood in a pottery tree hollow. Med Mycol. 36:119-122.

1308. Lecciones, J. A., J. W. Lee, E. E. Navarro, F. G. Witebsky, D. Marshall, S. M. Steinberg, P. A. Pizzo, and T. J. Walsh. 1992. Vascular catheter-associated fungemia in patients with cancer: analysis of 155 episodes. Clin. Infect. Dis. 14:875-883.

1309. Lee, J. W., M. A. Amantea, P. A. Francis, E. E. Navarro, J. Bacher, P. A. Pizzo, and T. J. Walsh. 1994. Pharmacokinetics and safety of a unilamellar liposomal formulation of amphotericin B (AmBisome) in rabbits. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38:713-8.

1310. Lee, S. C., D. W. Dickson, and A. Casadevall. 1996. Pathology of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis: analysis of 27 patients with pathogenetic implications. Hum Pathol. 27:839-47.

1311. Leenders, A. C., P. Reiss, P. Portegies, K. Clezy, W. C. Hop, J. Hoy, J. C. Borleffs, T. Allworth, R. H. Kauffmann, P. Jones, F. P. Kroon, H. A. Verbrugh, and S. de Marie. 1997. Liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) compared with amphotericin B both followed by oral fluconazole in the treatment of AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. AIDS. 11:1463-71.

1312. Leggiadro, R. J., F. F. Barrett, and W. T. Hughes. 1992. Extrapulmonary cryptococcosis in immunocompromised infants and children. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 11:43-47.

1313. Leggiadro, R. J., M. W. Kline, and W. T. Hughes. 1991. Extrapulmonary cryptococcosis in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 10:658-662.

1314. Lehmann, P. F., R. J. Morgan, and E. H. Freimer. 1984. Infection with Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii leading to a pulmonary cryptococcoma and meningitis. J. Infect. 9:301-306.

1315. Leibovitz, E., A. Iuster-Reicher, M. Amitai, and B. Mogilner. 1992. Systemic candidal infections associated with use of peripheral venous catheters in neonates: A 9-year experience. Clin. Infect. Dis. 14:485-491.

1316. Lemerle, E., M. Bastien, G. Demolliens-Dreux, J. L. Forest, E. Boyer, D. Chabasse, and P. Celerier. 1998. Scedosporium cutaneous infection revealed by bullous and necrotic purpura. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 125:711-714.

1317. Lempert, K. D., and J. M. Jones. 1982. Flucytosine-miconazole treatment of Candida peritonitis: its use during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Arch. Intern. Med. 142:577-578.

1318. Leong, A. S. Y. 1978. Granulomatous mediastinitis due to Rhizopus species. Am. J. Clin. Path. 70:103-107.

1319. Lertratanakul, Y., G. H. Glassford, and H. M. Rubinstein. 1977. Arthritis and osteomyelitis due to Candida albicans: a case report. J. Rheumatol. 4:317-320.

1320. Lesher, J. L., Jr. 1999. Oral therapy of common superficial fungal infections of the skin. J Am Acad Dermatol. 40:S31-4.

1321. Lesher, J. L. J., D. E. Babel, D. M. Stewart, T. M. Jones, L. Kaminester, M. Goldman, and J. S. Weintraub. 1997. Butenafine 1% cream in the treatment of tinea cruris: a multicenter, vehicle controlled, double-blind trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 36 (2 pt 1):S20-S24.

1322. Lesperance, M., D. Baumgartner, and C. A. Kauffman. 1988. Polyarticular arthritis due to Sporothrix schenckii. Mycoses. 31:1988.

1323. Letscher-Bru, V., A. Cavalier, E. Pernot-Marino, H. Koenig, D. Eyer, J. Waller, and E. Candolfi. 1998. Aspergillus galactomannan antigen detection with Platelia (R) Aspergillus: multiple positive antigenemia without Aspergillus infection. J Mycologie Medicale. 8:112-113.

1324. Levine, J., D. B. Bernard, B. A. Idelson, H. Farnham, C. Saunders, and A. M. Sugar. 1989. Fungal peritonitis complicating continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: Successful treatment with fluconazole, a new orally active antifungal agent. Am. J. Med. 86:825-829.

1325. Levine, M. S., A. J. Macones, Jr., and I. Laufer. 1985. Candida esophagitis: accuracy of radiographic diagnosis. Radiology. 154:581-7.

1326. Levitz, S. M. 1991. The ecology of Cryptococcus neoformans and the epidemiology of cryptococcosis. Rev Infect Dis. 13:1163-9.

1327. Levy, I., L. G. Rubin, S. Vasishtha, V. Tucci, and S. K. Sood. 1998. Emergence of Candida parapsilosis as the predominant species causing candidemia in children. Clin. Infect. Dis. 26:1086-1088.

1328. Levy, I., I. Shalit, E. Birk, L. Sirota, S. Ashkenazi, B. German, and N. Linder. 2006. Candida endocarditis in neonates: report of five cases and review of the literature. Mycoses. 49:43-48.

1329. Levy, R. L., M. L. Bach, S. Huang, F. H. Bach, R. Hong, A. J. Ammann, M. Bortin, and H. E. Kay. 1971. Thymic transplantation in a case of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Lancet. 2:898-900.

1330. Levy, R. M., D. E. Bredesen, and M. L. Rosenblum. 1985. Neurological manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): experience at UCSF and review of the literature. J Neurosurg. 62:475-95.

1331. Lewis, J. H., H. R. Patel, and H. J. Zimmerman. 1982. The spectrum of hepatic candidiasis. Hepatology. 2:479-487.

1332. Lewis, J. H., H. J. Zimmerman, G. D. Benton, and K. G. Ishak. 1984. Hepatic injury associated with ketoconazole therapy: Analysis of 33 cases. Gastroenterology. 86:503-513.

1333. Lewis, J. L., and S. Rabinovich. 1972. The wide spectrum of cryptococcal infections. Am J Med. 53:315-22.

1334. Leyden, J. J. 1999. Proceedings of a symposium: Update on tinea capitis and new antifungal therapies – Closing remarks. Pediat Inf Dis J. 18:215-216.

1335. Leyden, J. J. 1999. Proceedings of a symposium: Update on tinea capitis and new antifungal therapies – Introduction. Pediat Inf Dis J. 18:179.

1336. Leyden, J. J., and A. M. Kligman. 1978. Interdigital athlete’s foot. The interaction of dermatophytes and resident bacteria. Arch Dermatol. 114:1466-72.

1337. Lherm, T., C. Monet, B. Nougiere, M. Soulier, D. Larbi, C. Le Gall, D. Caen, and C. Malbrunot. 2002. Seven cases of fungemia with Saccharomyces boulardii in critically ill patients. Intens Care Med. 28:797-801.

1338. Li, R. K., M. A. Ciblak, N. Nordoff, L. Pasarell, D. W. Warnock, and M. R. McGinnis. 2000. In vitro activities of voriconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin B against Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis and Histoplasma capsulatum. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:1734-1736.

1339. Li, R. K., and M. G. Rinaldi. 1999. In vitro antifungal activity of nikkomycin Z in combination with fluconazole or itraconazole. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43:1401-1405.

1340. Liesegang, T. J., and R. K. Forster. 1980. Spectrum of microbial keratitis in South Florida. Am J Ophthalmol. 90:38-47.

1341. Liesengag, T. J. 1999. Fungal keratitis. In H. E. Kaufman, B. A. Barron, and M. B. McDonald (ed.), Cornea. Butterworth-Heinermann, Woburn.

1342. Lilic, D., J. E. Calvert, A. J. Cant, M. Abinun, and G. P. Spickett. 1996. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. II. Class and subclass of specific antibody responses in vivo and in vitro. Clin Exp Immunol. 105:213-9.

1343. Lilic, D., A. J. Cant, M. Abinun, J. E. Calvert, and G. P. Spickett. 1996. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. I. Altered antigen-stimulated IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production. Clin Exp Immunol. 105:205-12.

1344. Lilien, L. D., R. S. Ramamurthy, and R. S. Pildes. 1977. Candida albicans meningitis meningitis in a premature neonate successfully treated with 5-fluorocytosine and amphotericn B: A case report and review of the literature. Pediatrics.

1345. Lim, S. G., A. M. Sawyerr, M. Hudson, J. Sercombe, and R. E. Pounder. 1993. Short report: The absorption of fluconazole and itraconazole under conditions of low intragastric acidity. Aliment. Pharmacol. Therapeut. 7:317-321.

1346. Lin, A. C., E. Goldwasser, E. M. Bernard, and S. W. Chapman. 1990. Amphotericin B blunts erythropoietin response to anemia. J. Infect. Dis. 161:348-51.

1347. Lin, C., J. Magat, R. Chang, J. McGlotten, and S. Symchowicz. 1973. Absorption, metabolism and excretion of 14C -griseofulvin in man. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 187:415-422.

1348. Lin, M. Y., Y. Carmeli, J. Zumsteg, E. L. Flores, J. Tolentino, P. Sreeramoju, and S. G. Weber. 2005. Prior antimicrobial therapy and risk for hospital-acquired Candida glabrata and Candida krusei fungemia: a case-case-control study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 49:4555-60.

1349. Linden, P., L. Lee, and T. J. Walsh. 1999. Retrospective analysis of the dosage of amphotericin B lipid complex for the treatment of invasive fungal infections. Pharmacotherapy. 19:1261-8.

1350. Lindsley, M. D., S. F. Hurst, N. J. Iqbal, and C. J. Morrison. 2001. Rapid identification of dimorphic and yeast-like fungal pathogens using specific DNA probes. J Clin Microbiol. 39:3505-3511.

1351. Lindstrom, F. D., and T. Lindholm. 1973. Candida albicans arthritis treated with flucytosine. Ann. Intern. Med. 79:131.

1352. Ling, M. R., L. J. Swinyer, M. T. Jarratt, L. Falo, E. W. Monroe, M. Tharp, J. Kalivas, G. D. Weinstein, R. G. Asarch, L. Drake, A. G. Martin, J. J. Leyden, J. Cook, D. M. Pariser, R. Pariser, B. H. Thiers, M. G. Lebwohl, D. Babel, D. M. Stewart, W. H. Eaglstein, V. Falanga, H. I. Katz, W. F. Bergfeld, J. M. Hanifin, S. W. Kang, C. J. McDonald, J. Muglia, B. S. Goffe, and M. R. Young. 1998. Once-weekly fluconazole (450 mg) for 4, 6, or 9 months of treatment for distal subungual onychomycosis of the toenail. J Amer Acad Dermatol. 38:S95-S102.

1353. Linhartova, A., and W. Chung. 1963. Bronchopumlonary moniliasis in the newborn. J. Clin. Pathol. 16:56-60.

1354. Lipstein-Kresch, E., H. D. Isenberg, C. Singer, O. Cooke, and R. A. Greenwald. 1985. Disseminated Sporothrix schenckii infection with arthritis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J. Rheumatol. 12:805-808.

1355. Lipton, S. A., W. F. Hickey, J. H. Morris, and J. Loscalzo. 1984. Candidal infection in the central nervous system. Am. J. Med. 76:101-108.

1356. Lister, J. 1996. Amphotericin B lipid complex (Abelcet) in the treatment of invasive mycoses: the North American experience. Eur. J. Haematol. 56:18S-23S.

1357. Littman, M. L., and J. E. Walter. 1968. Cryptococcosis: current status. Am J Med. 45:922-32.

1358. Liu, Y., M. E. Ryan, H. M. Lee, S. Simon, G. Tortora, C. Lauzon, M. K. Leung, and L. M. Golub. 2002. A chemically modified tetracycline (CMT-3) is a new antifungal agent. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46:1447-1454.

1359. Liu, Z., T. Hou, Q. Shen, W. Liao, and H. Xu. 1995. Osteomyelitis of sacral spine caused by Aspergillus versicolor with neurologic deficits. Chin Med J (Engl). 108:472-5.

1360. Lo, W. K., C. Y. Chan, S. W. Cheng, J. F. Poon, D. T. Chan, and I. K. Cheng. 1996. A prospective randomized control study of oral nystatin prophylaxis for Candida peritonitis complicating continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 28:549-552.

1361. Loeffler, J., H. Hebart, S. Magga, D. Schmidt, L. Klingspor, J. Tollemar, U. Schumacher, and H. Einsele. 2000. Identification of rare Candida species and other yeasts by polymerase chain reaction and slot blot hybridization. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 38:207-212.

1362. Londero, A. T., and C. D. Ramos. 1990. [Estudo clinico-micol?gico de 260 casos observados no interior do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul]. J Pneumol (Bras). 16.

1363. Loo, V. G., C. Bertrand, C. Dixon, D. Vitye, B. DeSalid, A. P. H. McLean, A. Bronx, and H. G. Robson. 1996. Control of construction-associated nosocomial aspergillosis in an antiquated hematology unit. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 17:360-364.

1364. Lopes, J. O., S. H. Alves, J. P. Benevenga, and C. S. Encarnacao. 1994. Nodular infection of the hair caused by Malassezia furfur. Mycopathologia. 125:149-152.

1365. Lopez-Berestein, G., G. P. Bodey, L. S. Frankel, and K. Mehta. 1987. Treatment of hepatosplenic candidiasis with liposomal-amphotericin B. J Clin Oncol. 5:310-7.

1366. Lopez-Berestein, G., V. Fainstein, R. Hopfer, K. Mehta, M. P. Sullivan, M. Keating, M. G. Rosenblum, R. Mehta, M. Luna, E. M. Hersh, and et al. 1985. Liposomal amphotericin B for the treatment of systemic fungal infections in patients with cancer: a preliminary study. J Infect Dis. 151:704-10.

1367. Lopez-Jodra, O., J. M. Torres-Rodriguez, R. Mendez-Vasquez, E. Ribas-Forcadell, Y. Morera-Lopez, T. Baro-Tomas, and C. Alia-Aponte. 2000. In vitro susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates to five antifungal drugs using a colorimetric system and the reference microbroth method. J Antimicrob Chemother. 45:645-649.

1368. Lopez-Longo, F. J., H. A. Menard, L. Carreno, J. Cosin, R. Ballesteros, and I. Monteagudo. 1987. Primary septic arthritis in heroin users: early diagnosis by radioisotopic imaging and geographic variations in the causative agents [see comments]. J. Rheumatol. 14:991-4.

1369. Lopez Onrubia, P., M. T. Bastida Vila, J. A. Martinez Martinez, J. R. Montfort, and N. Jove Vidal. 1995. Acute cholecystitis and wound infection due to Candida albicans. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 14:253.

1370. Lorenz, C., S. Strahl-Bolsinger, and J. F. Ernst. 1992. Specific in vitro O-glycosylation of human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating-factor-derived peptides by O-glycosyltransferases of yeast and rat liver cells. European Journal of Biochemistry. 205:1163-7.

1371. Lortholary, O., D. W. Denning, and B. Dupont. 1999. Endemic mycoses: a treatment update. J Antimicrob Chemother. 43:321-331.

1372. Lotery, A. J., J. R. Kerr, and B. A. Page. 1994. Fungal keratitis caused by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis: successful treatment with topical amphotericin B and chloramphenicol without the need for surgical debridement. Br J Ophthalmol. 78:730.

1373. Louie, A., W. G. Liu, D. A. Miller, A. C. Sucke, Q. F. Liu, G. L. Drusano, M. Mayers, and M. H. Miller. 1999. Efficacies of high-dose fluconazole plus amphotericin B and high- dose fluconazole plus 5-fluorocytosine versus amphotericin B, fluconazole, and 5-fluorocytosine monotherapies in treatment of experimental endocarditis, endophthalmitis, and pyelonephritis due to Candida albicans. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43:2831-2840.

1374. Louie, T., F. el Baba, M. Shulman, and V. Jimenez-Lucho. 1994. Endogenous endophthalmitis due to Fusarium: case report and review. Clin Infect Dis. 18:585-8.

1375. Louria, D. B., D. Shannon, G. Johnson, L. Caroline, A. Okas, and C. Taschdjian. 1967. The susceptibility ot moniliasis in children with endocrine hypofunction. Trans Assoc Am Physicians. 80:236-248.

1376. Louria, D. B., D. F. Stiff, and B. Bennet. 1962. Disseminated moniliasis in the adult. Medicine. 41:307-337.

1377. Lown, K. S., J. C. Kolars, K. E. Thummel, J. L. Barnett, K. L. Kunze, S. A. Wrighton, and P. B. Watkins. 1994. Interpatient heterogeneity in expression of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 in small bowel. Lack of prediction by the erythromycin breath test. Drug Metab Dispos. 22:947-55.

1378. Lozano-Chiu, M., S. Arikan, F. M. Martin-Diez, V. Paetznick, J. L. Rodriguez-Tudela, and J. H. Rex. 1998. Reliability of Antibiotic Medium 3 (AM3) agar and E-test for detection of amphotericin B (amB)-resistant isolates of Candida spp.: Results of a collaborative two-center study. 38th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Abstract No.

1379. Lozano-Chiu, M., S. Arikan, F. M. Martin-Diez, V. Paetznick, J. L. Rodriguez-Tudela, and J. H. Rex. 1998. A two-center study of Antibiotic Medium 3 (AM3) broth for detection of amphotericin B (amB)-resistant isolates of Candida species (CAND) and Cryptococcus neoformans (CNEO). 38th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Abstract No.

1380. Lozano-Chiu, M., S. Arikan, V. L. Paetznick, E. J. Anaissie, D. Loebenberg, and J. H. Rex. 1999. Treatment of murine fusariosis with SCH 56592. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43:589-591.

1381. Lozano-Chiu, M., S. Arikan, V. L. Paetznick, E. J. Anaissie, and J. H. Rex. 1999. Optimizing voriconazole susceptibility testing of Candida: Effects of incubation time, endpoint rule, species of Candida, and level of fluconazole susceptibility. J Clin Microbiol. 37:2755-2759.

1382. Lozano-Chiu, M., M. A. Ghannoum, P. Belanger, and J. H. Rex. 1997. Effect of Media on Detection of Amphotericin B (AmB)-Resistant Cryptococcus neoformans. 97th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, Abstract No. C-251.

1383. Lozano-Chiu, M., V. L. Paetznick, M. A. Ghannoum, and J. H. Rex. 1998. Detection of resistance to amphotericin B among Cryptococcus neoformans clinical isolates: Performance of three different media assessed by using E-Test and National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards M27-A methodologies. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36:2817-2822.

1384. Lozano, P., D. Flores, I. Blanes, E. Rimbau, C. Corominas, J. Julia, and A. Garcia de la Torre. 1994. Acute lower limb ischemia complicating endocarditis due to Candida parapsilosis in a drug abuser. Ann Vasc Surg. 8:591-4.

1385. Luber, A. D., L. Maa, M. Lam, and B. J. Guglielmo. 1999. Risk factors for amphotericin B-induced nephrotoxicity. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 43:267-271.

1386. Lucas, G. M., P. Tucker, and W. G. Merz. 1999. Primary cutaneous Aspergillus nidulans infection associated with a Hickman catheter in a patient with neutropenia. Clin Infect Dis. 29:1594-1596.

1387. Lui, A. Y., G. S. Turett, D. L. Karter, P. C. Bellman, and J. W. Kislak. 1998. Amphotericin B lipid complex therapy in an AIDS patient with Rhodotorula rubra fungemia. Clin Infect Dis. 27:892-893.

1388. Lundstrom, T. S., M. R. Fairfax, M. C. Dugan, J. A. Vazquez, P. H. Chandrasekar, E. Abella, and C. Kasten-Sportes. 1997. Phialophora verrucosa infection in a BMT patient. Bone Marrow Transplant. 20:789-91.

1389. Lunn, J. A., and W. A. Shipton. 1983. Re-evaluation of taxonomic criteria in Cunninghamella. Trans Br Mycol Soc. 81:303-12.

1390. Lupetti, A., R. Danesi, M. Campa, M. Del Tacca, and S. Kelly. 2002. Molecular basis of resistance to azole antifungals. Trends Mol Med. 8:76-81.

1391. Lussier, N., M. Laverdiere, J. Delorme, K. Weiss, and R. Dandavino. 2000. Trichosporon beigelii funguria in renal transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis. 31:1299-1301.

1392. Lye, D. C. B., A. Hughes, D. O’Brien, and E. Athan. 2005. Candida glabrata prosthetic valve endocarditis treated successfully with fluconazole plus caspofungin without surgery: a case report and literature review. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 24:753-755.

1393. Lyman, C. A., S. J. N. Devi, J. Nathanson, C. E. Frasch, P. A. Pizzo, and T. J. Walsh. 1995. Detection and quantitation of the glucuronoxylomannan-like polysaccharide antigen from clinical and nonclinical isolates of Trichosporon beigelii and implications for pathogenicity. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:126-130.

1394. Lyman, C. A., and T. J. Walsh. 1992. Systemically administered antifungal agents. A review of their clinical pharmacology and therapeutic applications. Drugs. 44:9-35.

1395. Lynch, J. P., 3rd, D. R. Schaberg, D. G. Kissner, and C. A. Kauffman. 1981. Cryptococcus laurentii lung abscess. Am Rev Respir Dis. 123:135-8.

1396. Lynch, P. J., J. J. Voorhees, and E. R. Harrell. 1970. Systemic sporotrichosis. Ann. Intern. Med. 73:23-30.

1397. MacDonald, L., C. Baker, and C. Chenoweth. 1998. Risk factors for candidemia in a children’s hospital. Clin. Infect. Dis. 26:642-645.

1398. MacGregor, R. R., B. M. Schimmer, and M. E. Steinberg. 1979. Results of combined amphotericin B-5-fluorocytosine therapy for prosthetic knee joint infected with Candida parapsilosis. J. Rheumatol. 6:451-455.

1399. Macura, A. B. 1993. In vitro susceptibility of dermatophytes to antifungal drugs: a comparison of two methods. Int. J. Dermatol. 32:533-6.

1400. Maeda, T., M. Takase, A. Ishibashi, T. Yamamoto, K. Sasaki, T. Arika, M. Yokoo, and K. Amemiya. 1991. Synthesis and antifungal activity of butenafine hydrochloride (KP-363), a new benzylamine antifungal agent. Yakugaku Zasshi. 111:126-137.

1401. Maeder, M., P. R. Vogt, G. Schaer, A. von Graevenitz, and H. F. Gunthard. 2003. Aortic homograft endocarditis caused by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Infection. 31:181-3.

1402. Maenza, J. R., J. C. Keruly, R. D. Moore, R. E. Chaisson, W. G. Merz, and J. E. Gallant. 1996. Risk factors for fluconazole-resistant candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. J. Infect. Dis. 173:219-225.

1403. Maenza, J. R., W. G. Merz, M. J. Romagnoli, J. C. Keruly, R. D. Moore, and J. E. Gallant. 1997. Infection due to fluconazole-resistant Candida in patients with AIDS: Prevalence and microbiology. Clin. Infect. Dis. 24:28-34.

1404. Maenza, J. R., W. G. Merz, M. J. Romagnoli, J. C. Keruly, R. D. Moore, and J. E. Gallant. 1995. Prevelance of fluconazole-resistant candidiasis in HIV-infected patients. 33rd Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Abstract No. 323.

1405. Maertens, J., K. Lagrou, H. Deweerdt, I. Surmont, G. E. G. Verhoef, J. Verhaegen, and M. A. Boogaerts. 2000. Disseminated infection by Scedosporium prolificans: an emerging fatality among haematology patients. Case report and review. Ann. Hematol. 79:340-344.

1406. Maertens, J., I. Raad, C. A. Sable, A. Ngai, R. Berman, T. F. Patterson, D. Denning, and T. Walsh. 2000. Multicenter, noncomparative study to evaluate safety and efficacy of caspofungin in adults with aspergillosis refractory or intolerant to amphotericin B, amphotericin B lipid formulations, or azoles. 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Abstract No. 1103.

1407. Maertens, J., J. Van Eldere, J. Verhaegen, E. Verbeken, J. Verschakelen, and M. Boogaerts. 2002. Use of circulating galactomannan screening for early diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients. J Infec Dis. 186:1297-1306.

1408. Maertens, J., J. Verhaegen, K. Lagrou, J. Van Eldere, and M. Boogaerts. 2001. Screening for circulating galactomannan as a noninvasive diagnostic tool for invasive aspergillosis in prolonged neutropenic patients and stem cell transplantation recipients: a prospective validation. Blood. 97:1604-1610.

1409. Maesaki, S., P. Marichal, M. A. Hossain, D. Sanglard, H. V. Bossche, and S. Kohno. 1998. Synergic effects of tacrolimus and azole antifungal agents against azole-resistant Candida albicans strains. J Antimicrob Chemother. 42:747-753.

1410. Magill, S. S., C. Shields, C. L. Sears, M. Choti, and W. G. Merz. 2006. Triazole cross-resistance among Candida spp.: Case report, occurrence among bloodstream isolates, and implications for antifungal therapy. J Clin Microbiol. 44:529-535.

1411. Magnon, K. C., M. Jalbert, and A. A. Padhye. 1993. Osteolytic phaeohyphomycosis caused by Phialemonium obovatum. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 117:841-3.

1412. Magnussen, C. R., J. P. Olson, F. V. Ona, and A. J. Graziani. 1979. Candida fungus balls in the common bile duct. Unusual manifestation of disseminated candidiasis. Arch. Intern. Med. 139:821-2.

1413. Mahgoub, E. S., and S. A. Gumaa. 1984. Ketoconazole in the treatment of eumycetoma due to Madurella mycetomii. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 78:376-9.

1414. Mahmoud, Y. A. G. 1999. First environmental isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans and var. gatti from the Gharbia Governorate, Egypt. Mycopathologia. 148:83-86.

1415. Mahmoudi, M., and M. E. Gershwin. 2000. Sick building syndrome III. Stachybotrys chartarum. J Asthma. 37:191-198.

1416. Mahr, C. C., J. J. Fildes, E. J. Becker, K. K. Nagy, S. M. Krosner, R. R. Roberts, R. F. Smith, K. Joseph, C. M. O’Neill, and J. A. Barrett. 1995. The alarming rate of fungal recovery in critically ill trauma patients with unresolved sepsis. Crit. Care Med. 23 (No. 1, Suppl):A154.

1417. Makela, P., D. Leaman, and J. D. Sobel. 2003. Vulvovaginal trichosporonosis. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 11:131-3.

1418. Maki, K., Y. Morishita, Y. Iguchi, E. Watabe, K. Otomo, N. Teratani, Y. Watanabe, F. Ikeda, S. Tawara, T. Goto, M. Tomishima, H. Ohki, A. Yamada, K. Kawabata, H. Takasugi, H. Tanaka, K. Sakane, F. Matsumoto, and S. Kuwahara. 1998. In vitro antifungal activity of FK463, a novel water-soluble echinocandin-like lipopeptide. 38th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Abstract No. p. 268, abst. no. F-141.

1419. Maksymiuk, A. W., S. Thonprasert, R. Hopfer, M. Luna, V. Fainstein, and G. P. Bodey. 1984. Systemic candidiasis in cancer patients. Am. J. Med. 77(4D):20-27.

1420. Maligie, M. A., and C. P. Selitrennikoff. 2005. Cryptococcus neoformans resistance to echinocandins: (1,3)beta- glucan synthase activity is sensitive to echinocandins. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49:2851-2856.

1421. Malik, I. A., I. Moid, Z. Aziz, S. Khan, and M. Suleman. 1998. A randomized comparison of fluconazole with amphotericin B as empiric anti-fungal agents in cancer patients with prolonged fever and neutropenia. Amer. J. Med. 105:478-483.

1422. Mamlok, R. J., C. J. Richardson, V. Mamlok, M. M. Nichols, and R. M. Goldblum. 1985. A case of intrauterine pulmonary candidiasis. Ped Inf Dis. 4:692-693.

1423. Mandak, J. S., B. Pollack, N. O. Fishman, E. E. Furth, M. L. Kochman, M. A. Acker, and G. R. Lichtenstein. 1995. Acalculous candidal cholecystitis: a previously unrecognized complication after cardiac transplantation. Am J Gastroenterol. 90:1333-7.

1424. Mandell, G. L. 1995. Skin, soft tissue, bone, and joint infections, p. 6.5. In D. L. Stevens (ed.), Atlas of Infectious Diseases, vol. II. Chruchill Livingstone, Philadelphia.

1425. Manfredi, R., F. Pieri, S. A. Pileri, and F. Chiodo. 1999. The changing face of AIDS-related opportunism: Cryptococcosis in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era. Case reports and literature review. Mycopathologia. 148:73-78.

1426. Manfredini, L., A. Garaventa, E. Castagnola, C. Viscoli, C. Moroni, G. Dini, M. L. Garre, G. Manno, C. Savioli, Z. Kotitsa, and et al. 1995. [Fungal infections in pediatric oncology]. Pediatr Med Chir. 17:435-41.

1427. Maniwa, K., and E. Tanaka. 2002. A case of abrupt pulmonary infection by Rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis during treatment for bronchial asthma. Kansenshogaku Zasshi. 76:396-9.

1428. Mannarelli, B. M., and C. P. Kurtzman. 1998. Rapid identification of Candida albicans and other human pathogenic yeasts by using short oligonucleotides in a PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 36:1634-1641.

1429. Manning, S. C., S. D. Schaefer, L. G. Close, and F. Vuitch. 1991. Culture-positive allergic fungal sinusitis. Archives of Otolaryngology — Head & Neck Surgery. 117:174-8.

1430. Manns, B. J., B. W. Baylis, S. J. Urbanski, A. P. Gibb, and H. R. Rabin. 1996. Paracoccidioidomycosis: case report and review. Clin Infect Dis. 23:1026-32.

1431. Maravi-Poma, E., J. L. Rodriguez-Tudela, J. G. de Jalon, A. Manrique-Larralde, L. Torroba, J. Urtasun, B. Salvador, M. Montes, E. Mellado, F. Rodriguez-Albarran, and A. Pueyo-Royo. 2004. Outbreak of gastric mucormycosis associated with the use of wooden tongue depressors in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med. 30:724-8. Epub 2004 Feb 26.

1432. Marco, F., M. A. Pfaller, S. A. Messer, and R. N. Jones. 1998. Activity of MK-0991 (L-743,872), a new echinocandin, compared with those of LY303366 and four other antifungal agents tested against blood stream isolates of Candida spp. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 32:33-37.

1433. Marco, F., M. A. Pfaller, S. A. Messer, and R. N. Jones. 1998. Antifungal activity of a new triazole, voriconazole (UK- 109,496), compared with three other antifungal agents tested against clinical isolates of filamentous fungi. Med Mycol. 36:433-436.

1434. Marco, F., M. A. Pfaller, S. A. Messer, and R. N. Jones. 1998. In vitro activity of a new triazole antifungal agent, Sch 56592, against clinical isolates of filamentous fungi. Mycopathologia. 141:73-77.

1435. Marcucci, R. A., H. Whitely, and D. Armstrong. 1978. Common bile duct obstruction secondary to infection with Candida. J Clin Microbiol. 7:490-2.

1436. Markos, A. R., A. A. Wade, and M. Walzman. 1992. Oral sex and recurrent vulvo-vaginal candidiasis [letter] [see comments]. Genitourin Med. 68:61-2.

1437. Marks, J. G., R. D. King, and B. M. Davis. 1980. Treatment of tinea nigra palmaris with miconazole. Arch Dermatol. 116:321-2.

1438. Marks, M. I., S. Marks, and M. Brazeau. 1975. Yeast colonization in hospitalized and nonhospitalized children. J Pediatr. 87:524-7.

1439. Marques, A. R., K. J. Kwon-Chung, S. M. Holland, M. L. Turner, and J. I. Gallin. 1995. Suppurative cutaneous granulomata caused by Microascus cinereus in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease. Clin Infect Dis. 20:110-4.

1440. Marr, K. A., T. Patterson, and D. Denning. 2002. Aspergillosis – Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and therapy. Infect Dis Clin N Amer. 16:875-894,VI.

1441. Marr, K. A., T. R. Rustad, J. H. Rex, and T. C. White. 1999. The trailing endpoint phenotype in antifungal susceptibility testing is pH-dependent. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43:1383-1386.

1442. Marr, K. A., K. Seidel, T. C. White, and R. A. Bowden. 2000. Candidemia in allogeneic blood and marrow transplant recipients: Evolution of risk factors after the adoption of prophylactic fluconazole. J Infec Dis. 181:309-316.

1443. Marra, R. E., J. C. Huang, E. Fung, K. Nielsen, J. Heitman, R. Vilgalys, and T. G. Mitchell. 2004. A genetic linkage map of Cryptococcus neoformans variety neoformans serotype D (Filobasidiella neoformans). Genetics. 167:619-31.

1444. Marriott, D. J., P. D. Jones, J. F. Hoy, B. R. Speed, and J. L. Harkness. 1993. Fluconazole once a week as secondary prophylaxis against oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-infected patients. Med. J. Aust. 158:312-316.

1445. Marriott, M. S., and K. Richardson. 1987. The discovery and mode of action of fluconazole, p. 81-92. In R. A. Fromtling (ed.), Recent trends in the discovery, development, and evaluation of antifungal agents. J. R. Prous Science Publishers, Barcelona.

1446. Marsh, P. K., F. P. Tally, J. Kellum, A. Gallow, and S. L. Gorbach. 1983. Candida infections in surgical patients. Ann. Surg. 198:42-47.

1447. Martin, A. G., and G. S. Kobayashi. 1993. Fungal diseases with cutaneous involvement, p. 2421-2451. In T. B. Fitzpatrick (ed.), Dermatology in general medicine, vol. 2. McGraw-Hill, New York.

1448. Martin, T. J., J. E. Kerschner, and V. A. Flanary. 2005. Fungal causes of otitis externa and tympanostomy tube otorrhea. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 69:1503-8. Epub 2005 May 31.

1449. Martinez-Lacasa, J., J. Mana, R. Niubo, G. Rufi, A. Saez, and F. Fernandez-Nogues. 1991. Long-term survival of a patient with prosthetic valve endocarditis due to Trichosporon beigelii. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 10:756-8.

1450. Martinez-Vasquez, C., J. Fernandez-Ulloa, J. Bordon, B. Sopena, J. de la Fuente, A. Ocampo, and M. Rubianes. 1998. Candida albicans endophthalmitis in brown heroin addicts: Response to early vitrectomy preceded and followed by antifungal therapy. Clin. Infect. Dis. 27:1130-1133.

1451. Martinez, A., P. Aviles, E. Jimenez, J. Caballero, and D. Gargallo-Viola. 2000. Activities of sordarins in experimental models of candidiasis, aspergillosis, and pneumocystosis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:3389-3394.

1452. Martinez, A., and J. A. Kovacs. 1993. Development and characterization of a rapid screening assay for identifying antipneumocystis agents. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37:1674-8.

1453. Martino, P., C. Girmenia, A. Micozzi, R. Raccah, G. Gentile, M. Venditto, and F. Mandelli. 1993. Fungemia in patients with leukemia. Am. J. Med. Sci. 306:225-232.

1454. Martino, P., C. Girmenia, M. Venditti, A. Micozzi, S. Santili, V. L. Burgio, and F. Mandelli. 1989. Candida colonization and systemic infection in neutropenic patients. A retrospective study. Cancer. 64:2030-2034.

1455. Martino, P., M. Venditti, A. Micozzi, G. Morace, L. Polonelli, M. P. Mantovani, M. C. Petti, V. L. Burgio, C. Santini, P. Serra, and F. Mandelli. 1990. Blastoschizomyces capitatus: An emerging cause of invasive fungal disease in leukemia patients. Rev. Infect. Dis. 12:570-582.

1456. Martino, R., J. Nomded?u, A. Alt?s, A. Sureda, S. Brunet, C. Mart?nez, and A. Domingo-Alb?s. 1994. Successful bone marrow transplantation in patients with previous invasive fungal infections: report of four cases. Bone Marrow Transplant. 13:265-269.

1457. Martins, M. D., M. Lozano-Chiu, and J. H. Rex. 1998. Declining rates of oropharyngeal candidiasis and carriage of Candida albicans associated with trends toward reduced rates of carriage of fluconazole-resistant C. albicans in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Clin Infect Dis. 27:1291-1294.

1458. Martins, M. D., M. Lozano-Chiu, and J. H. Rex. 1997. Point prevalence of carriage of fluconazole-resistant Candida in the oropharynx of HIV-Infected patients. Clin. Infect. Dis. 25:843-846.

1459. Martins, R., S. Marques, M. Alves, D. Fecchio, and M. F. de Franco. 1997. Serological follow-up of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis treated with itraconazole using Dot-blot, ELISA and western-blot. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 39:261-9.

1460. Marty, F. M., D. H. Barouch, E. P. Coakley, and L. R. Baden. 2003. Disseminated trichosporonosis caused by Trichosporon loubieri. J Clin Microbiol. 41:5317-20.

1461. Maskin, S. L., R. J. Fetchick, C. R. Leone, Jr., P. K. Sharkey, and M. G. Rinaldi. 1989. Bipolaris hawaiiensis-caused phaeohyphomycotic orbitopathy. A devastating fungal sinusitis in an apparently immunocompetent host. Ophthalmology. 96:175-9.

1462. Massard, G., N. Roeslin, J. M. Wihlm, P. Dumont, J. P. Witz, and G. Morand. 1992. Pleuropulmonary aspergilloma: clinical spectrum and results of surgical treatment [see comments]. Ann Thorac Surg. 54:1159-64.

1463. Masur, H., P. P. Rosen, and D. Armstrong. 1977. Pulmonary disease caused by Candida species. Am. J. Med. 63:914-925.

1464. Masure, O., C. Leostic, M. L. Abalain, C. Chastel, I. Yakoub-Agha, C. Berthou, and J. Briere. 1991. Malassezia furfur septicaemia in a child with leukaemia. J. Infect. 23:335-336.

1465. Mathews, M. S., and S. V. Maharajan. 1999. Exserohilum rostratum causing keratitis in India. Med Mycol. 37:131-2.

1466. Mathews, M. S., and S. Sen. 1998. Blastoschizomyces capitatus infection after contamination of fluids for intravenous application. Mycoses. 41:427-428.

1467. Mathews, V. P., P. L. Alo, J. D. Glass, A. J. Kumar, and J. C. McArthur. 1992. AIDS-related CNS cryptococcosis: radiologic-pathologic correlation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 13:1477-86.

1468. Matute, A. J., M. R. Visser, M. Lipovsky, F. J. Schuitemaker, and A. I. Hoepelman. 2000. A case of disseminated infection with Pichia ohmeri. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 19:971-3.

1469. Mauceri, A. A., S. I. Cullen, A. G. Vendevelde, and J. E. Johnson, III. 1974. Flucytosine. An effective oral treatment for chromomycosis. Arch. Dermatol. 109:873-876.

1470. Maury, S., T. Leblanc, M. Feuihade, J.-M. Molina, and G. Schaison. 1998. Successful treatement of disseminated mucormycosis with liposomal amphotericin B and surgery in a child with leukemia. Clin. Infect. Dis. 26:200-202.

1471. Mayanja-Kizza, H., K. Oishi, S. Mitarai, H. Yamashita, K. Nalongo, K. Watanabe, T. Izumi, J. Ococi, K. Augustine, R. Mugerwa, T. Nagatake, and K. Matsumoto. 1998. Combination therapy with fluconazole and flucytosine for cryptococcal meningitis in Ugandan patients with AIDS. Clin. Infect. Dis. 26:1362-1366.

1472. Mayayo, E., J. Moralejo, J. Camps, and J. Guarro. 1996. Fungal endocarditis in premature infants: Case report and review. Clin. Infect. Dis. 22:366-368.

1473. Mayayo, E., I. Pujol, and J. Guarro. 1999. Experimental pathogenicity of four opportunist Fusarium species in a murine model. J Med Microbiol. 48:363-366.

1474. Mazade, M. A., J. F. Margolin, S. N. Rossmann, and M. S. Edwards. 1998. Survival from pulmonary infection with Cunninghamella bertholletiae: case report and review of the literature. Pediat Inf Dis J. 17:835-839.

1475. McAleer, R., D. B. Kroenert, J. L. Elder, and J. H. Froudist. 1981. Allergic bronchopulmonary disease caused by Curvularia lunata and Drechslera hawaiiensis. Thorax. 36:338-344.

1476. McClellan, J. R., J. D. Hamilton, J. A. Alexander, W. G. Wolfe, and J. B. Reed. 1976. Paecilomyces varioti endocarditis on a prosthetic aortic valve. Journal of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery. 71:472-475.

1477. McCray, E., N. Rampell, S. L. Solomon, W. W. Bond, W. J. Martone, and D. O’Day. 1986. Outbreak of Candida parapsilosis endophthalmitis after cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. J. Clin. Microbiol. 24:625-628.

1478. McCullers, J. A., and P. M. Flynn. 1998. Candida tropicalis osteomyelitis: Case report and review. Clin. Infect. Dis. 26:1000-1001.

1479. McCullough, M. J., K. V. Clemons, J. H. McCusker, and D. A. Stevens. 1998. Species identification and virulence attributes of Saccharomyces boulardii (nom. inval.). J Clin Microbiol. 36:2613-2617.

1480. McCullough, M. J., A. F. DiSalvo, K. V. Clemons, P. Park, and D. A. Stevens. 2000. Molecular epidemiology of Blastomyces dermatitidis. Clin Infect Dis. 30:328-335.

1481. McDonnell, J. M., and G. M. Hutchins. 1985. Pulmonary cryptococcosis. Hum. Pathol. 16:121-128.

1482. McElroy, J. A., C. de Almeida Prestes, and W. P. Su. 1992. Mycetoma: infection with tumefaction, draining sinuses, and “grains”. Cutis. 49:107-10.

1483. McEntee, M. 1987. Eumycotic mycetoma: review and report of a cutaneous lesion caused by Pseudallescheria boydii in a horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 191:1459-61.

1484. McEwen, J. G., J. W. Taylor, D. Carter, J. Xu, M. S. S. Felipe, R. Vilgalys, T. G. Mitchell, T. Kasuga, T. White, T. Bui, and C. M. A. Soares. 2000. Molecular typing of pathogenic fungi. Med Mycol. 38:189-197.

1485. McGinnis, M. R. 1983. Chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis: new concepts, diagnosis, and mycology. J Am Acad Dermatol. 8:1-16.

1486. McGinnis, M. R. 1996. Mycetoma. Dermatol Clin. 14:97-104.

1487. McGinnis, M. R., G. Campbell, W. K. Gourley, and H. L. Lucia. 1992. Phaeohyphomycosis caused by Bipolaris spicifera: an informative case. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 8:383-6.

1488. McGinnis, M. R., N. Nordoff, R. K. Li, L. Pasarell, and D. W. Warnock. 2001. Sporothrix schenckii sensitivity to voriconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin B. Med Mycol. 39:369-371.

1489. McGinnis, M. R., N. G. Nordoff, N. S. Ryder, and G. B. Nunn. 2000. In vitro comparison of terbinafine and itraconazole against Penicillium marneffei. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:1407-1408.

1490. McGinnis, M. R., and L. Pasarell. 1998. In vitro evaluation of terbinafine and itraconazole against dematiaceous fungi. Med Mycol. 36:243-6.

1491. McGinnis, M. R., and L. Pasarell. 1998. In vitro testing of susceptibilities of filamentous ascomycetes to voriconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin B, with consideration of phylogenetic implication. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 36:2353-2355.

1492. McGinnis, M. R., and L. Pasarell. 1998. In vitro testing of susceptibilities of filamentous ascomycetes to voriconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin B, with consideration of phylogenetic implications. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 36:2353-2355.

1493. McGinnis, M. R., L. Pasarell, D. A. Sutton, A. W. Fothergill, C. R. Cooper, Jr., and M. G. Rinaldi. 1997. In vitro evaluation of voriconazole against some clinically important fungi. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41:1832-1834.

1494. McGinnis, M. R., L. Pasarell, D. A. Sutton, A. W. Fothergill, C. R. Cooper, and M. G. Rinaldi. 1998. In vitro activity of voriconazole against selected fungi. Med Mycol. 36:239-242.

1495. McGinnis, M. R., M. G. Rinaldi, and R. E. Winn. 1986. Emerging agents of phaeohyphomycosis: pathogenic species of Bipolaris and Exserohilum. J. Clin. Microbiol. 24:250-9.

1496. McGinnis, M. R., W. A. Schell, and J. Carson. 1985. Phaeoannellomyces and the Phaeococcomycetaceae, new dematiaceous blastomycete taxa. Sabouraudia. 23:179-188.

1497. McGinnis, M. R., L. Sigler, and M. G. Rinaldi. 1999. Some medically important fungi and their common synonyms and names of uncertain application. Clin Infect Dis. 29:728-30.

1498. McGuire, T. W., J. D. Bullock, J. D. Bullock, Jr., B. L. Elder, and J. W. Funkhouser. 1991. Fungal endophthalmitis. An experimental study with a review of 17 human ocular cases. Arch Ophthalmol. 109:1289-96.

1499. McLeod, R., and J. S. Remington. 1978. Fungal endocarditis, p. 211-290. In R. S. H. e. al. (ed.), Infective Endocarditis. Grune & Stratton, New York.

1500. McManus, E. J., and J. M. Jones. 1985. Detection of a Trichosporon beigelii antigen cross-reactive with Cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide in serum from a patient with disseminated Trichosporon infection. J Clin Microbiol. 21:681-5.

1501. McNamee, C. J., S. Wang, and D. Modry. 1998. Purulent pericarditis secondary to Candida parapsilosis and Peptostreptococcus species. Can J Cardiol. 14:85-6.

1502. McNeely, W., and C. M. Spencer. 1998. Butenafine. Drugs. 55:405-412.

1503. McNeil, M. M., J. M. Brown, C. H. Magruder, K. T. Shearlock, R. A. Saul, D. P. Allred, and L. Ajello. 1992. Disseminated Nocardia transvalensis infection: an unusual opportunistic pathogen in severely immunocompromised patients. J Infect Dis. 165:175-8.

1504. Medoff, G., W. E. Dismukes, D. Pappagianis, R. Diamond, H. A. Gallis, and D. Drutz. 1992. Evaluation of new antifungal drugs for the treatment of systemic fungal infections. Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Food and Drug Administration. Clin Infect Dis. 15 Suppl 1:S274-81.

1505. Mehta, R. T., R. L. Hopfer, L. A. Gunner, R. L. Juliano, and G. Lopez-Berestein. 1987. Formulation, toxicity, and antifungal activity in vitro of liposome-encapsulated nystatin as therapeutic agent for systemic candidiasis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 31:1897-1900.

1506. Mehta, S. A., S. Kaul, M. S. Mehta, R. S. Kelkar, and A. R. Mehta. 1993. Phaehyphomycosis of the paranasal sinuses masquerading as a neoplasm: a case report. Head Neck Surg. 15:59-61.

1507. Meiller, T. F., J. I. Kelley, M. A. Jabra-Rizk, L. G. DePaola, A. Baqui, and W. A. Falkler, Jr. 2001. In vitro studies of the efficacy of antimicrobials against fungi. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Patho. 91:663-670.

1508. Meis, J., M. Petrou, J. Bille, D. Ellis, and D. Gibbs. 2000. A global evaluation of the susceptibility of Candida species to fluconazole by disk diffusion. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 36:215-223.

1509. Melamed, R., E. Leibovitz, O. Abramson, A. Levitas, N. Zucker, and R. Gorodisher. 2000. Successful non-surgical treatment of Candida tropicalis endocarditis with liposomal amphotericin-B (AmBisome). Scand J Infec Dis. 32:86-89.

1510. Melcher, G. P., D. A. McGough, A. W. Fothergill, C. Norris, and M. G. Rinaldi. 1993. Disseminated hyalohyphomycosis caused by a novel human pathogen, Fusarium napiforme. J Clin Microbiol. 31:1461-7.

1511. Meletiadis, J., J. Meis, J. W. Mouton, J. L. Rodriquez-Tudela, J. P. Donnelly, and P. E. Verweij. 2002. In vitro activities of new and conventional antifungal agents against clinical Scedosporium isolates. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46:62-68.

1512. Meletiadis, J., J. W. Mouton, J. L. Rodriguez-Tudela, J. Meis, and P. E. Verweij. 2000. In vitro interaction of terbinafine with itraconazole against clinical isolates of Scedosporium prolificans. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:470-472.

1513. Melgar, G. R., R. M. Nasser, S. M. Gordon, B. W. Lytle, T. F. Keys, and D. L. Longworth. 1997. Fungal prosthetic valve endocarditis in 16 patients. An 11-year experience in a tertiary care hospital. Medicine (Baltimore). 76:94-103.

1514. Mellinger, M., O. De Beauchamp, C. Gallien, R. Ingold, and M. J. Taboada. 1982. Epidemiological and clinical approach to the study of candidiasis caused by Candida albicans in heroin addicts in the Paris region: analysis of 35 observations. Bulletin on Narcotics. 34:61-81.

1515. Mellinghoff, I. K., D. J. Winston, G. Mukwaya, and G. J. Schiller. 2002. Treatment of Scedosporium apiospermum brain abscesses with posaconazole. Clin Infect Dis. 34:1648-1650.

1516. Melville, C., S. Kempley, J. Graham, and C. L. Berry. 1996. Early onset systemic Candida infection in extremely preterm neonates [see comments]. Eur J Pediatr. 155:904-6.

1517. Menichetti, F., A. Del Favero, P. Martino, G. Bucaneve, A. Micozzi, D. D’Antonio, P. Ricci, M. Carotenuto, V. Liso, and A. M. Nosari. 1994. Preventing fungal infection in neutropenic patients with acute leukemia: fluconazole compared with oral amphotericin B. The GIMEMA Infection Program. Ann. Intern. Med. 120:913-8.

1518. Menichetti, F., A. Del Favero, P. Martino, G. Bucaneve, A. Micozzi, C. Girmenia, G. Barbabietola, L. Pagano, P. Leoni, G. Specchia, A. Caiozzo, R. Raimondi, and F. Mandelli. 1999. Itraconazole oral solution as prophylaxis for fungal infections in neutropenic patients with hematologic malignancies: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial. Clin Infect Dis. 28:250-255.

1519. Menichetti, F., M. Fiorio, A. Tosti, G. Gatti, M. B. Pasticci, F. Miletich, M. Marroni, D. Bassetti, and S. Pauluzzi. 1996. High-dose fluconazole therapy for cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS. Clin. Infect. Dis. 22:838-840.

1520. Menzies, D., and J. Bourbeau. 1997. Building-related illnesses. N Engl J Med. 337:1524-31.

1521. Merchant, R. H., K. P. Sanghvi, N. Sridhar, S. Sonigara, K. P. Mehta, and N. C. Joshi. 1997. Nursery outbreak of neonatal fungal arthritis treated with fluconazole. J Trop Pediatr. 43:106-8.

1522. Mercurio, M. G., and B. E. Elewski. 1992. Cutaneous blastomycosis. Cutis. 50:422-4.

1523. Merrer, J., B. Dupont, A. Nieszkowska, B. De Jonghe, and H. Outin. 2001. Candida albicans prosthetic arthritis treated with fluconazole alone. J Infection. 42:208-209.

1524. Merz, W. G. 1984. Candida lusitaniae: frequency of recovery, colonization, infection, and amphotericin B resistance. J. Clin. Microbiol. 20:1194-1195.

1525. Merz, W. G., J. E. Karp, D. Schron, and R. Saral. 1986. Increased incidence of fungemia caused by Candida krusei. J. Clin. Microbiol. 24:581-584.

1526. Mesnard, R., T. Lamy, C. Dauriac, and P. Y. Le-Prise. 1992. Lung abscess due to Pseudallescheria boydii in the course of acute leukaemia. Report of a case and review of the literature. Acta Haematol. 87:78-82.

1527. Meyer, R. D. 1992. Current role of therapy with amphotericin B. Clin. Infect. Dis. 14(Suppl 1):S154-S160.

1528. Meyer, R. D., P. Rosen, and D. Armstrong. 1972. Phycomycosis complicating leukemia and lymphoma. Ann. Intern. Med. 77:871-879.

1529. Meyers, B. R., T. W. Lieberman, and A. P. Ferry. 1973. Candida endophthalmitis complicating candidemia. Ann. Intern. Med. 79:647-653.

1530. Meyohas, M.-C., P. Roux, D. Bollens, C. Chouaid, W. Rozenbaum, J.-L. Meynard, J.-L. Poirot, J. Frottier, and C. Mayaud. 1995. Pulmonary cryptococcosis: localized and disseminated infections in 27 patients with AIDS. Clin. Infect. Dis. 21:628-633.

1531. Michallet, M., F. Persat, N. Kranzhofer, J. C. Levron, C. Prat, A. Belhabri, E. Chwetzoff, J. P. Le Moing, D. Fiere, and M. A. Piens. 1998. Pharmacokinetics of itraconazole oral solution in allogeneic bone marrow transplant patients receiving total body irradiation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 21:1239-1243.

1532. Michel, C., L. Courdavault, R. al Khayat, B. Viron, P. Roux, and F. Mignon. 1994. Fungal peritonitis in patients on peritoneal dialysis. American Journal of Nephrology. 14:113-20.

1533. Mickelsen, P. A., M. C. Viano-Paulson, D. A. Stevens, and P. S. Diaz. 1988. Clinical and microbiological features of infection with Malassezia pachydermatis in high-risk infants. J. Infect. Dis. 157:1163-1168.

1534. Migrino, R. Q., G. S. Hall, and D. L. Longworth. 1995. Deep tissue infections caused by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis: Report of a case of prosthetic valve endocarditis and review. Clin. Infect. Dis. 21:672-674.

1535. Mikamo, H., Y. Sato, and T. Tamaya. 2000. In vitro antifungal activity of FK463, a new water-soluble echinocandin-like lipopeptide. J Antimicrob Chemother. 46:485-487.

1536. Mikolich, D. J., L. J. Kinsella, G. Skowron, J. Friedman, and A. M. Sugar. 1996. Aspergillus meningitis in an immunocompetent adult successfully treated with itraconazole. Clin. Infect. Dis. 23:1318-1319.

1537. Mildvan, D. (ed.). 1995. Atlas of Infectious Diseases, vol. I. Current Medicine Inc., New York, New York.

1538. Miller, J. D., T. G. Rand, and B. B. Jarvis. 2003. Stachybotrys chartarum: cause of human disease or media darling? Med Mycol. 41:271-291.

1539. Miller, W. T., Jr., J. M. Edelman, and W. T. Miller. 1990. Cryptococcal pulmonary infection in patients with AIDS: Radiographic appearance. Radiology. 175:725-728.

1540. Millon, L., T. Barale, M.-C. Julliot, J. Martinez, and G. Mantion. 1995. Inteference by hydroxyethyl starch used for vascular filling in latex agglutination test for cryptococcal antigen. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:1917-1919.

1541. Mills, R., and G. Garrett. 1992. Pseudallescheria boydii keratitis. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol. 20:253-6.

1542. Mills, W., R. Chopra, D. C. Linch, and A. H. Goldstone. 1994. Liposomal amphotericin B in the treatment of fungal infections in neutropenic patients: a single-center experience of 133 episodes in 116 patients. Br. J. Haematol. 86:754-760.

1543. Miron, D., Y. Horowitz, D. Lumelsky, S. Hanania, and R. Colodner. 2005. Dual pulmonary infection with Candida dubliniensis and Aspergillus fumigatus in a child with chronic granulomatous disease. J Infect. 50:72-5.

1544. Misra, V. C., and H. S. Randhawa. 1976. Sporobolomyces salmonicolor var. fischerii, a new yeast. Arch Microbiol. 108:141-143.

1545. Mitchell, D. M., M. Fitz-Henley, and J. Horner-Bryce. 1990. A case of disseminated phaeohyphomycosis caused by Cladosporium devriesii. West Indian Medical Journal. 39:118-23.

1546. Mitchell, D. N., and T. C. Sorrell. 1992. Pancoast’s syndrome due to pulmonary infection with Cryptococcus neoformans variety gattii. Clin. Infect. Dis. 14:1142-1144.

1547. Mitchell, R. G., A. J. Chaplin, and D. W. Mackenzie. 1987. Emericella nidulans in a maxillary sinus fungal mass. J Med Vet Mycol. 25:339-41.

1548. Mitchell, T. G. 2000. Overview of basic medical mycology. Otolaryngol Clin N Amer. 33:237-249,VII.

1549. Miyajima, A., K. Otsu, J. Schreurs, M. W. Bond, J. S. Abrams, and K. Arai. 1986. Expression of murine and human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors in S. cerevisiae: mutagenesis of the potential glycosylation sites. EMBO Journal. 5:1193-7.

1550. Miyamoto, T., R. Sasaoka, M. Kawaguchi, S. Ishioka, T. Inoue, N. Yamada, and M. Mihare. 1998. Scedosporium apiospermum skin infection: a case report and review of the literature. J Am Acad Dermatol. 39:498-500.

1551. Miyazaki, T., S. Kohno, K. Mitsutake, S. Maesaki, K.-I. Tanaka, N. Ishikawa, and K. Hara. 1995. Plasma (1®3)-b-D-glucan and fungal antigenemia in patients with candidemia, aspergillosis, and cryptococcosis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:3115-3118.

1552. Mizuki, M., K. Chikuba, and K. Tanaka. 1994. A case of chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis due to Aspergillus nidulans. Mycopathologia. 128:75-9.

1553. Mobacken, H., and S. Moberg. 1986. Ketoconazole treatment of 13 patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. A prospective 3-year trial. Dermatologica. 173:229-36.

1554. Mock, M., M. Monod, F. Baudraz-Rosselet, and R. G. Panizzon. 1998. Tinea capitis dermatophytes: susceptibility to antifungal drugs tested in vitro and in vivo. Dermatology. 197:361-7.

1555. Mohammedi, I., M. A. Piens, C. Audigier-Valette, J. C. Gantier, L. Argaud, O. Martin, and D. Robert. 2004. Fatal Microascus trigonosporus (anamorph Scopulariopsis) pneumonia in a bone marrow transplant recipient. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 23:215-7. Epub 2004 Feb 19.

1556. Mohan, H., J. Chander, R. Dhir, and U. Singhal. 1995. Rhinosporidiosis in India: a case report and review of literature. Mycoses. 38:223-5.

1557. Molinari-Madlum, E., M. S. S. Felipe, and C. M. A. Soares. 1999. Virulence of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates can be correlated to groups defined by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. Med Mycol. 37:269-276.

1558. Moncino, M. D., and L. T. Gutman. 1990. Severe systemic cryptococcal disease in a child: review of prognostic indicators predicting treatment failure and an approach to maintenance therapy with oral fluconazole. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 9:363-368.

1559. Moneymaker, C. S., J. L. Shenep, T. A. Pearson, M. L. Field, and J. J. Jenkins. 1986. Primary cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis due to Exserohilum rostratum (Drechslera rostrata) in a child with leukemia. Pediatr Infect Dis. 5:380-2.

1560. Montagnani, A., M. Negosanti, and A. Patrizi. 1986. Ketoconazole treatment of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 12:409-12.

1561. Montana, E., R. A. Etzel, T. Allan, T. E. Horgan, and D. G. Dearborn. 1997. Environmental risk factors associated with pediatric idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage and hemosiderosis in a Cleveland community. Pediatrics. 99:E5.

1562. Montenegro, J., R. Aguirre, O. Gonzalez, I. Martinze, and R. Saracho. 1995. Fluconazole treatment of Candida peritonitis with delayed removal of the peritoneal dialysis catheter. Clin. Nephrol. 44:60-63.

1563. Montero-Gei, F. 1998. Fluconazole in the treatment of tinea capitis. Int. J. Dermatol. 37:870-871.

1564. Montero-Gei, F., M. E. Robles, and P. Suchil. 1999. Fluconazole vs. itraconazole in the treatment of tinea versicolor. Int. J. Dermatol. 38:601-3.

1565. Montero, A., J. E. Cohen, M. A. Fernandez, G. Mazzolini, C. R. Gomez, and J. Perugini. 1998. Cerebral pseudallescheriasis due to Pseudallescheria boydii as the first manifestation of AIDS. Clin Infect Dis. 26:1476-1477.

1566. Montes, L. F., R. Ceballos, M. D. Cooper, M. N. Bradley, and D. E. Bockman. 1972. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, myositis, and thymoma. A new triad. JAMA. 222:1619-23.

1567. Montes, L. F., T. G. Soto, J. M. Parker, and G. N. Ramer. 1976. Clotrimazole troches: a new therapeutic approach to oral candidiasis. Cutis. 17:277-80.

1568. Montoya, J. G., L. F. Giraldo, B. Efron, E. B. Stinson, P. Gamberg, S. Hung, N. Giannetti, J. Miller, and J. S. Remington. 2001. Infectious complications among 620 consecutive heart transplant patients at Stanford University Medical Center. Clin Infect Dis. 33:629-640.

1569. Moore, C. B., C. M. Walls, and D. W. Denning. 2000. In vitro activity of the new triazole BMS-207147 against Aspergillus species in comparison with itraconazole and amphotericin B. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:441-443.

1570. Moore, M. L., G. R. Collins, B. J. Hawk, and T. S. Russell. 2001. Disseminated Bipolaris spicifera in a neonate. J Perinatol. 21:399-401.

1571. Moore, R. D., and R. E. Chaisson. 1996. Natural history of opportunistic disease in an HIV-infected urban clinical cohort. Ann. Intern. Med. 124:633-42.

1572. Mora-Duarte, J., R. Betts, R. Rotstein, A. Lopes-Colombo, L. Thompson-Moya, J. Smietana, R. Lupinacci, C. Sable, N. Kartsonis, J. Perfect, and Caspofungin Invasive Candidiasis Study Group. 2002. Comparison of caspofungin and amphotericin B for invasive candidiasis. N Engl J Med. 347:2020-9.

1573. Morace, G., S. Manzara, and G. Dettori. 1991. In vitro susceptibility of 119 yeast isolates to fluconazole, 5-fluorocytosine, amphotericin B and ketoconazole. Chemotherapy. 37:23-31.

1574. Morgan, M., and R. Reves. 1996. Invasive sinusitis due to Sporothrix schenckii in a patient with AIDS. Clin. Infect. Dis. 23:1319-1320.

1575. Morgan, M. A., F. R. Cockerill, D. A. Cortese, and G. D. Roberts. 1984. Disseminated sporotrichosis with Sporothrix schenckii fungemia. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 2:151-155.

1576. Mori, T., M. Matsumura, K. Yamada, S. Irie, K. Oshimi, K. Suda, T. Oguri, and M. Ichinoe. 1998. Systemic aspergillosis caused by an aflatoxin-producing strain of Aspergillus flavus. Med Mycol. 36:107-112.

1577. Moriarty, A. P., G. J. Crawford, I. L. McAllister, and I. J. Constable. 1993. Severe corneoscleral infection. A complication of beta irradiation scleral necrosis following pterygium excision. Arch Ophthalmol. 111:947-51.

1578. Morris, A., W. A. Schell, D. McDonagh, S. Chaffee, and J. R. Perfect. 1995. Pneumonia due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi and cerebral abscesses due to Emericella nidulans in a bone marrow transplant recipient. Clin Infect Dis. 21:1346-8.

1579. Morris, J. T., M. Beckius, and C. K. McAllister. 1991. Sporobolomyces infection in an AIDS patient. J Infect Dis. 164:623-624.

1580. Morris, J. T., M. L. Beckius, B. S. Jeffery, R. N. Longfeld, R. F. Heaven, and W. J. Baker. 1995. Lung mass caused by Phoma species. Infec Dis Clin Pract. 4:58-59.

1581. Morrison, V. A., R. J. Haake, and D. J. Weisdorf. 1993. The spectrum of non-Candida fungal infections following bone marrow transplantation. Medicine (Baltimore). 72:78-89.

1582. Morrison, V. A., and D. J. Weisdorf. 2000. The spectrum of Malassezia infections in the bone marrow transplant population. Bone Marrow Transplant. 26:645-648.

1583. Morse, H. G., W. P. Nichol, D. M. Cook, N. K. Blank, and T. T. Ward. 1983. Central nervous system and genitourinary blastomycosis: confusion with tuberculosis. West J Med. 139:99-103.

1584. Morton, F. J., and G. Smith. 1963. The genera Scopulariopsis Bainer, Microascus Zukal, and Doratomyces Corda. Mycol. Pap. 86:1-96.

1585. Morton, R. S., and S. Rashid. 1977. Candidal vaginitis: natural history, predisposing factors and prevention. Proc R Soc Med. 70:3-6.

1586. Morton, S. J., K. Midthun, and W. G. Merz. 1986. Granulomatous encephalitis caused by Bipolaris hawaiiensis. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 110:1183-5.

1587. Moses, A., S. Maayan, Y. Shvil, A. Dudin, I. Ariel, A. Thalji, and I. Polacheck. 1991. Hansenula anomala infections in children: from asymptomatic colonization to tissue invasion. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 10:400-402.

1588. Moses, A. E., G. Rahav, Y. Barenholz, J. Elidan, B. Azaz, S. Gillis, M. Brickman, I. Polacheck, and M. Shapiro. 1998. Rhinocerebral mucormycosis treated with amphotericin B colloidal dispersion in three patients. Clin Infect Dis. 26:1430-1433.

1589. Mostaza, J. M., F. J. Barbado, J. Fernandez-Martin, J. Pena-Yanez, and J. J. Vazquez-Rodriguez. 1989. Cutaneoarticular mucormycosis due to Cunninghamella bertholletiae in a patient with AIDS. Rev. Infect. Dis. 11:316-318.

1590. Mounts, A., and G. S. Deepe. 1998. Simultaneous infection with Blastomyces dermatitidis and Cryptococcus neoformans. Med Mycol. 36:47-50.

1591. Mudad, R., J. Vredenburgh, E. K. Paulson, M. Ross, B. Meisenberg, A. Hussein, and W. P. Peters. 1994. A radiological syndrome after high dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation, with clinical and pathological features of systemic candidiasis. Cancer. 74:1360-1366.

1592. Muehrcke, D. D. 1995. Fungal prosthetic valve endocarditis. Seminars in Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery. 7:20-4.

1593. Muehrcke, D. D., B. W. Lytle, and D. M. Cosgrove, 3rd. 1995. Surgical and long-term antifungal therapy for fungal prosthetic valve endocarditis. Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 60:538-43.

1594. Mugge, A., W. G. Daniel, G. Frank, and P. R. Lichtlen. 1989. Echocardiography in infective endocarditis: reassessment of prognostic implications of vegetation size determined by the transthoracic and the transesophageal approach. J Am Coll Cardiol. 14:631-638.

1595. Mulanovich, V. E., W. E. Dismukes, and N. Markowitz. 1995. Cryptococcal empyema: Case report and review. Clin. Infect. Dis. 20:1396-1398.

1596. Mullins, R. F., J. M. Still, Jr., J. Savage, J. B. Davis, and E. J. Law. 1993. Osteomyelitis of the spine in a burn patient due to Candida albicans. Burns. 19:174-176.

1597. Munayyer, H., K. J. Shaw, R. S. Hare, B. Salisbury, L. Heimark, B. Pramanik, and J. R. Greene. 1996. SCH 56592 is a potent inhibitor of sterol C14 demethylation in fungi. 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Abstract No.

1598. Munoz, P., M. Marin, P. Tornero, P. M. Rabadan, M. Rodriguez-Creixems, and E. Bouza. 2000. Successful outcome of Scedosporium apiospermum disseminated infection treated with voriconazole in a patient receiving corticosteroid therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 31:1499-1501.

1599. Murray, C. K., M. L. Beckius, and K. McAllister. 2003. Fusarium proliferatum superficial suppurative thrombophlebitis. Mil Med. 168:426-7.

1600. Murray, H. W., M. A. Fialk, and R. B. Roberts. 1976. Candida arthritis. A manifestation of disseminated candidiasis. Am. J. Med. 60:587-95.

1601. Murray, R. J., P. Becker, P. Furth, and G. J. Criner. 1988. Recovery from cryptococcemia and the adult respiratory distress syndrome in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Chest. 93:1304-6.

1602. Myerowitz, R. L., G. J. Pazin, and C. M. Allen. 1977. Disseminated candidiasis: changes in incidence, underlying diseases and pathology. Am. J. Clin. Path. 68:29-38.

1603. Myers, J. W., R. J. Smith, G. Youngbert, C. Gutierrez, and S. L. Berk. 1992. Fungemia due to Malassezia furfur in patients without the usual risk factors. Clin. Infect. Dis. 14:620-621.

1604. Nagai, H., Y. Yamakami, A. Hashimoto, I. Tokimatsu, and M. Nasu. 1999. PCR detection of DNA specific for Trichosporon species in serum of patients with disseminated trichosporonosis. J Clin Microbiol. 37:694-699.

1605. Nahass, G. T., S. P. Rosenberg, C. L. Leonardi, and N. S. Pennys. 1993. Disseminated infection with Trichospororon beigelii. Report of a case and review of the cutaneous and histologic manifestations. Arch. Dermatol. 129:1020-1023.

1606. Nahm, W. K., I. Orengo, and T. Rosen. 1999. The antifungal agent butenafine manifests anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. J Am Acad Dermatol. 41 (2 pt 1):203-206.

1607. Naidu, J., and S. M. Singh. 1994. Aspergillus chevalieri (Mangin) Thom and Church: a new opportunistic pathogen of human cutaneous aspergillosis. Mycoses. 37:271-4.

1608. Naim Ur, R., M. el Sheikh, H. Abu Aisha, M. Laajam, B. Yaqoub, and A. H. Chagla. 1987. Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis. Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie Exotique et de Ses Filiales. 80:320-8.

1609. Nair, K. K. 1979. Clinical trial of diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS) in nasal and nasopharyngeal rhinosporidiosis. Laryngoscope. 89:291-5.

1610. Nakagawa, T., K. Nakashima, T. Takaiwa, and K. Negayama. 2000. Trichosporon cutaneum (Trichosporon asahii) infection mimicking hand eczema in a patient with leukemia. J Am Acad Dermatol. 42:929-31.

1611. Nakagawa, Y., K. Shimazu, M. Ebihara, and K. Nakagawa. 1999. Aspergillus niger pneumonia with fatal pulmonary oxalosis. J Infect Chemother. 5:97-100.

1612. Nakai, K., Y. Kanda, S. Mineishi, A. Hori, A. Chizuka, H. Niiya, T. Tanimoto, M. Ohnishi, M. Kami, A. Makimoto, R. Tanosaki, Y. Matsuno, N. Yamazaki, K. Tobinai, and Y. Takaue. 2002. Primary cutaneous aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus ustus following reduced-intensity stem cell transplantation. Ann. Hematol. 81:593-6. Epub 2002 Sep 24.

1613. Nakai, T., J. Uno, and M. Miyaji. 1999. In vitro activity of FK463, a novel antifungal lipopeptide, against clinically important, less common molds and dimorphic fungi. 39th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Abstract No.

1614. Nakamura, T., R. Sakai, J. Sonoda, T. Katoh, T. Kaneko, and T. Horie. 1995. ER-30346, a novel antifungal triazole: IV. Pharmacokinetics and toxicological studies in mice, rats, and dogs. 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Abstract No.

1615. Nakamura, Y., R. Kano, T. Murai, S. Watanabe, and A. Hasegawa. 2000. Susceptibility testing of Malassezia species using the urea broth microdilution method. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:2185-2186.

1616. Nandakumar, R., and G. Raju. 1997. Isolated tricuspid valve endocarditis in nonaddicted patients: a diagnostic challenge. Am J Med Sci. 314:207-12.

1617. Narang, A., P. Agrawal, A. Chakraborti, and P. Kumar. 1996. Fluconazole in the management of neonatal systemic candidiasis. Indian Pediatr. 33:823-6.

1618. Naranjo, M. S., M. Trujillo, M. I. Munera, P. Restrepo, I. Gomez, and A. Restrepo. 1990. Treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis with itraconazole. J Med Vet Mycol. 28:67-76.

1619. Narayan, S., K. Batta, P. Colloby, and C. Y. Tan. 2000. Cutaneous cryptococcus infection due to C. albidus associated with Sezary syndrome. Br J Dermatol. 143:632-4.

1620. Nasser, R., G. Melgar, S. Gordon, B. Lytle, T. Keys, and D. Longworth. 1995. Incidence of fungal prosthetic valve infective endocarditis (PVE) and risk of developing PVE. 33rd Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Abstract No. 110.

1621. Nassoura, Z., R. R. Ivatury, R. J. Simon, N. Jabbour, and W. M. Stahl. 1993. Candiduria as an early marker of disseminated infection in critically ill surgical patients: The role of fluconazole therapy. J. Trauma. 35:290-295.

1622. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. 1998. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of conidium-forming filamentous fungi; proposed standard. NCCLS document M38-P. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Wayne, Pa.

1623. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. 1997. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts; Approved standard NCCLS document M27-A. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Wayne, Pa.

1624. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycosis Study Group. 1985. Treatment of blastomycosis and histoplasmosis with ketoconazole: results of a prospective, randomized clinical trial. Ann. Intern. Med. 103:861-872.

1625. Navarro, E. E., J. S. Almario, C. King, J. Bacher, P. A. Pizzo, and T. J. Walsh. 1994. Detection of Candida casts in experimental renal candidiasis: implications for the diagnosis and pathogenesis of upper urinary tract infection. J. Med. Vet. Mycol. 32:415-426.

1626. Navarro, E. E., J. S. Almario, R. L. Schaufele, J. Bacher, and T. J. Walsh. 1997. Quantitative urine cultures do not reliably detect renal candidiasis in rabbits. J. Clin. Microbiol. 35:3292-3297.

1627. Naveh, Y., A. Friedman, D. Merzbach, and N. Hashman. 1975. Endocarditis caused by Rhodotorula successfully treated with 5-fluorocytosine. British Heart Journal. 37:101-104.

1628. Nayeri, F., R. Cameron, E. Chryssanthou, L. Johansson, and C. Soderstrom. 1997. Candida glabrata prosthesis infection following pyelonephritis and septicaemia. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 29:635-638.

1629. Neglia, J. P., D. D. Hurd, P. Ferrieri, and D. C. Snover. 1987. Invasive Scopulariopsis in the immunocompromised host. Am. J. Med. 83:1163-1166.

1630. Nelson, P. E., T. A. Toussoun, and W. F. O. Marasas. 1983. Fusarium species. An illustrated manual for identification. Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, PA.

1631. Nelson, P. W., M. Lozano-Chiu, and J. H. Rex. 1997. In vitro growth-inhibitory activity of pneumoncandins L-733,560 and L-743,872 against putatively amphotericin B- and fluconazole-resistant Candida isolates: influence of assay conditions. J. Med. Vet. Mycol. 35:285-287.

1632. Nenoff, P., U. Oswald, and U. F. Haustein. 1999. In vitro susceptibility of yeasts for fluconazole and itraconazole. Evaluation of a microdilution test. Mycoses. 42:629-639.

1633. Nesky, M. A., E. C. McDougal, and J. E. Peacock, Jr. 2000. Pseudallescheria boydii brain abscess successfully treated with voriconazole and surgical drainage: Case report and literature review of central nervous system pseudallescheriasis. Clin Infect Dis. 31:673-677.

1634. Ness, M. J., W. P. Vaughan, and G. L. Woods. 1989. Candida antigen latex test for detection of invasive candidiasis in immunocompromised patients. J. Infect. Dis. 159:495-502.

1635. Nettles, R. E., L. S. Nichols, K. Bell-McGuinn, M. R. Pipeling, P. J. Scheel, Jr., and W. G. Merz. 2003. Successful treatment of Trichosporon mucoides infection with fluconazole in a heart and kidney transplant recipient. Clin Infect Dis. 36:E63-6. Epub 2003 Jan 30.

1636. Neumeister, B., M. Rockemann, and R. Marre. 1992. Fungaemia due to Candida pelliculosa in a case of acute pancreatitis. Mycoses. 35:309-10.

1637. Newmann, G., and U. Kaben. 1975. [Blastomycoid flora of the urogenital tract in nonpregnant and pregnant patients]. Zentralbl Gynakol. 97:372-8.

1638. Newton, J. A., Jr., M. D. Anderson, C. A. Kennedy, and E. C. Oldfield III. 1994. Septic arthritis due to Cryptococcus neoformans without associated osteomyelitis: Case report and review. Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract. 3:295-297.

1639. Nguyen, M. H., C. J. Clancy, V. L. Yu, Y. V. Yu, A. J. Morris, D. R. Snydman, D. A. Sutton, and M. G. Rinaldi. 1998. Do in vitro susceptibility data predict the microbiologic response to amphotericin B? Results of a prospective study of patients with Candida fungemia. J. Infect. Dis. 177:425-430.

1640. Nguyen, M. H., M. L. Nguyen, V. L. Yu, D. McMahon, T. F. Keys, and M. Amidi. 1996. Candida prosthetic valve endocarditis: Prospective study of six cases and review of the literature. Clin. Infect. Dis. 22:262-267.

1641. Nguyen, M. H., J. E. Peacock, Jr., A. J. Morris, D. C. Tanner, M. L. Nguyen, D. R. Snydman, M. M. Wagener, M. G. Rinaldi, and V. L. Yu. 1996. The changing face of candidemia: Emergence of non-C. albicans species and antifungal resistance. Am. J. Med. 100:617-623.

1642. Nguyen, M. H., J. E. Peacock, Jr., D. C. Tanner, A. J. Morris, M. L. Nguyen, D. R. Snydman, M. M. Wagener, and V. L. Yu. 1995. Therapeutic approaches in patients with candidemia. Evaluation in a multicenter, prospective, observational study. Arch. Intern. Med. 155:2429-2435.

1643. Nguyen, M. H., and C. Y. Yu. 1998. Voriconazole against fluconazole-susceptible and resistant Candida isolates: in-vitro efficacy compared with that of itraconazole and ketoconazole. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 42:253-256.

1644. Nguyen, M. H., and V. L. Yu. 1995. Meningitis caused by Candida species: an emerging problem in neurosurgical patients. Clin. Infect. Dis. 21:323-327.

1645. Nguyen, V. Q., and R. L. Penn. 1987. Candida krusei infectious arthritis. A rare complication of neutropenia. Am. J. Med. 83:963-5.

1646. Niault, M., F. Thomas, J. Prost, F. H. Ansari, and P. Kalfon. 1999. Fungemia due to Saccharomyces species in a patient treated with enteral Saccharomyces boulardii. Clin Infect Dis. 28:930.

1647. Nicolau, D. P., H. M. Crowe, C. H. Nightingale, and R. Quintiliani. 1995. Rifampin-fluconazole interaction in critically ill patients. Ann. Pharmacother. 29:994-6.

1648. Nikulin, M., K. Reijula, B. B. Jarvis, and E. L. Hintikka. 1996. Experimental lung mycotoxicosis in mice induced by Stachybotrys atra. Int J Exp Pathol. 77:213-8.

1649. Noble, H. B., and E. D. Lyne. 1974. Candida osteomyelitis and arthritis from hyperalimentation therapy. J. Bone Joint Surg. 56-A:825-829.

1650. Nolting, S., and M. Brautigam. 1992. Clinical relevance of the antibacterial activity of terbinafine: a contralateral comparison between 1% terbinafine cream and 0.1% gentamicin sulphate cream in pyoderma. Br J Dermatol. 126 Suppl 39:56-60.

1651. Nolting, S., D. Reinel, G. Semig, R. Reckers-Czaschka, M. Bergstraesser, and M. Zaug. 1993. Amorolfine spary in the treatment of foot mycoses (a dose-finding study). Br J Dermatol. 129:170-174.

1652. Nolting, S., G. Semig, H. K. Friedrich, M. Dietz, R. Reckers-Czaschka, M. Bergstraesser, and M. Zaug. 1992. Double-blind comparison of amorolfine and bifonazole in the treatment of dermatomycoses. Clin Exp Dermatol. 17 (Suppl 1):56-60.

1653. Nomdedeu, J., S. Brunet, R. Martino, A. Altes, V. Ausina, and A. Domingo-Albos. 1993. Successful treatment of pneumonia due to Scedosporium apiospermum with itraconazole: case report [letter]. Clin Infect Dis. 16:731-3.

1654. Noremberg, R. G., F. K. Sethi, S. M. Scott, and T. Takaro. 1975. Opportunistic endocarditis following open heart surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 19:592-604.

1655. Norris, S., J. Wheat, D. McKinsey, D. Lancaster, B. Katz, J. Black, M. Driks, R. Baker, K. Israel, D. Traeger, S. Moriarity, J. Fraiz, D. Webb, and T. Slama. 1994. Prevention of relapse of histoplasmosis with fluconazole in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am. J. Med. 96:504-508.

1656. Nosari, A., P. Oreste, M. Montillo, G. Carrafiello, M. Draisci, G. Muti, A. Molteni, and E. Morra. 2000. Mucormycosis in hematologic malignancies: an emerging fungal infection. Haematologica. 85:1068-1071.

1657. Nottebart, H. C., R. F. McGehee, and J. P. Utz. 1973. Cryptococcosis complicating sarcoidosis. Am Rev Respir Dis. 107:1060-3.

1658. Noyes, F. R., J. D. McCabe, and F. R. Fekety, Jr. 1973. Acute candida arthritis. Report of a case and use of amphotericin B. Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery – American Volume. 55:169-76.

1659. Nucci, M., T. Akiti, G. Barreiros, F. Silveira, S. G. Revankar, D. A. Sutton, and T. F. Patterson. 2001. Nosocomial fungemia due to Exophiala jeanselmei var. jeanselmei and a Rhinocladiella species: Newly described causes of bloodstream infection. J Clin Microbiol. 39:514-518.

1660. Nweze, E. I. 2001. Etiology of dermatophytoses amongst children in northeastern Nigeria. Med Mycol. 39:181-184.

1661. Nwokolo, N. C., M. Fisher, B. G. Gazzard, and M. R. Nelson. 2001. Cessation of secondary prophylaxis in patients with cryptococcosis. Aids. 15:1438-9.

1662. O’Callaghan, C., and P. McDougall. 1988. Infective endocarditis in neonates. Arch Dis Child. 63:53-7.

1663. O’Connor, J. C., S. R. Frame, and G. S. Ladics. 2002. Evaluation of a 15-day screening assay using intact male rats for identifying steroid biosynthesis inhibitors and thyroid modulators. Toxicol Sci. 69:79-91.

1664. O’Connor, M. I., and J. D. Sobel. 1986. Epidemiology of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: identification and strain differentiation of Candida albicans. J Infect Dis. 154:358-63.

1665. O’Donnell, K. 2000. Molecular phylogeny of the Nectria haematococca-Fusarium solani species complex. Mycologia. 92:919-938.

1666. O’Donnell, K., D. A. Sutton, M. G. Rinaldi, K. C. Magnon, P. A. Cox, S. G. Revankar, S. Sanche, D. M. Geiser, J. H. Juba, J. A. van Burik, A. Padhye, E. J. Anaissie, A. Francesconi, T. J. Walsh, and J. S. Robinson. 2004. Genetic diversity of human pathogenic members of the Fusarium oxysporum complex inferred from multilocus DNA sequence data and amplified fragment length polymorphism analyses: evidence for the recent dispersion of a geographically widespread clonal lineage and nosocomial origin. J Clin Microbiol. 42:5109-20.

1667. O’Meeghan, T., R. Varcoe, M. Thomas, and R. Ellis-Pegler. 1990. Fluconazole concentration in joint fluid during successful treatment of Candida albicans septic arthritis [letter]. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 26:601-602.

1668. Oakley, K. L., C. B. Moore, and D. W. Denning. 1999. Comparison of in vitro activity of liposomal nystatin against Aspergillus species with those of nystatin, amphotericin B (AB) deoxycholate, AB colloidal dispersion, liposomal AB, AB lipid complex, and itraconazole. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43:1264-1266.

1669. Oakley, K. L., C. B. Moore, and D. W. Denning. 1998. In-vitro activity of voriconazole against Aspergillus spp. and comparison with itraconazole and amphotericin B. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 42:91-94.

1670. Oakley, K. L., C. B. Moore, and D. W. Denning. 1998. In vitro activity of the echinocandin antifungal agent LY303,366 in comparison with itraconazole and amphotericin B against Aspergillus spp. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42:2726-2730.

1671. Obayashi, T., M. Yoshida, T. Mori, H. Goto, A. Yasuoka, H. Iwasaki, H. Teshima, S. Kohno, A. Horiuchi, A. Ito, H. Yamaguchi, K. Shimada, and T. Kawai. 1995. Plasma (1->3)-beta-D-glucan measurement in diagnosis of invasive deep mycosis and fungal febrile episodes. Lancet. 345:17-20.

1672. Odds, F. C. 1988. Candida and Candidosis, 2nd ed. Bailliere Tindall, London.

1673. Odds, F. C. 2001. Sordarin antifungal agents. Expert Opin Ther Patents. 11:283-294.

1674. Odds, F. C., S. L. Cheesman, and A. B. Abbott. 1986. Antifungal effects of fluconazole (UK 49858), a new triazole antifungal, in vitro. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 18:473-478.

1675. Odds, F. C., F. van Gerven, A. Espinel-Ingroff, M. S. Bartlett, M. A. Ghannoum, M. V. Lancaster, M. A. Pfaller, J. H. Rex, M. G. Rinaldi, and T. J. Walsh. 1998. Evaluation of possible correlations between antifungal susceptibilities of filamentous fungi in vitro and antifungal treatment outcomes in animal infection models. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42:282-288.

1676. Odom, R. B., and C. R. Daniel, III. 1995. Itraconazole 200 mg daily for the treatment of toenail onychomycosis: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. American Academy of Dermatology 1995 Annual Meeting, Abstract No. P-226.

1677. Ofori-Kwakye, S. K., A. M. Wang, J. H. Morris, G. V. O’Reilly, E. G. Fischer, and C. L. Rumbaugh. 1986. Septation and focal dilatation of ventricles associated with cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. Surg Neurol. 25:253-60.

1678. Ogata, K., Y. Tanabe, K. Iwakiri, T. Ito, T. Yamada, K. Dan, and T. Nomura. 1990. Two cases of disseminated Trichosporon beigelii infection treated with combination antifungal therapy. Cancer. 65:2793-5.

1679. Ogawa, H., R. C. Summerbell, K. V. Clemons, T. Koga, Y. P. Ran, A. Rashid, P. G. Sohnle, D. A. Stevens, and R. Tsuboi. 1998. Dermatophytes and host defence in cutaneous mycoses. Med Mycol. 36:166-173.

1680. Ogden, P. E., D. L. Hurley, and P. T. Cain. 1992. Fatal fungal endarteritis caused by Bipolaris spicifera following replacement of the aortic valve. Clin. Infect. Dis. 14:596-8.

1681. Okamoto, G. A., J. G. Hall, H. Ochs, C. Jackson, K. Rodaway, and J. Chandler. 1977. New syndrome of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser. 13:117-25.

1682. Okeke, C. N., and H. C. Gugnani. 1987. In vitro sensitivity of environmental isolates of pathogenic dematiaceous fungi to aqzole compounds and a phenylpropyl-morpholine derivative. Mycopathologia. 99:175-181.

1683. Okhuysen, P. C., J. H. Rex, M. Kapusta, and C. Fife. 1994. Successful treatment of extensive posttraumatic soft-tissue and renal infections due to Apophysomyces elegans. Clin. Infect. Dis. 19:329-331.

1684. Okuda, C., M. Ito, W. Naka, T. Nishikawa, H. Tanuma, H. Kume, M. Hotchi, and G. Midgley. 1998. Pityriasis versicolor with a unique clinical appearance. Med Mycol. 36:331-334.

1685. Oldfield, E. C., 3rd, P. D. Garst, C. Hostettler, M. White, and D. Samuelson. 1990. Randomized, double-blind trial of 1- versus 4-hour amphotericin B infusion durations. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 34:1402-1406.

1686. Oleinik, E. M., P. Della-Latta, M. G. Rinaldi, and L. Saiman. 1993. Candida lusitaniae osteomyelitis in a premature infant. American Journal of Perinatology. 10:313-5.

1687. Olsen, S. J., M. R. Swerdel, B. Blue, J. M. Clark, and D. P. Bonner. 1991. Tissue distribution of amphotericin B lipid complex in laboratory animals. Journal of Pharmacology. 43:831-835.

1688. Olson, J. A., J. P. Adler-Moore, P. J. Smith, and R. T. Proffitt. 2005. Treatment of Candida glabrata infection in immunosuppressed mice by using a combination of liposomal amphotericin B with caspofungin or micafungin. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49:4895-4902.

1689. Omene, J. A., J. C. Odita, and A. A. Okolo. 1984. Neonatal osteomyelitis in Nigerian infants. Pediatric Radiology. 14:318-22.

1690. Onwuasoigwe, O. 1999. Fluconazole in the therapy of multiple osteomyelitis in African histoplasmosis. Int Orthop. 23:82-4.

1691. Oppenheim, B. A., R. Herbrecht, and S. Kusne. 1995. The safety and efficacy of amphotericin B colloidal dispersion in the treatment of invasive mycoses. Clin. Infect. Dis. 21:1145-1153.

1692. Orenstein, R. 1994. Candidemia following candiduria: Not so benign and not so delayed. Clin. Infect. Dis. 19:207-208.

1693. Oriel, J. D., and P. M. Waterworth. 1975. Effects of minocycline and tetracycline on the vaginal yeast flora. J Clin Pathol. 28:403-6.

1694. Ornstein, D. L., and P. Ely. 1998. Reversible agranulocytosis associated with oral terbinafine for onychomycosis. J Amer Acad Dermatol. 39:1023-1024.

1695. Orth, B., R. Frei, P. H. Itin, M. G. Rinaldi, B. Speck, A. Gratwohl, and A. F. Widmer. 1996. Outbreak of invasive mycoses caused by Paecilomyces lilacinus from a contaminated skin lotion. Ann. Intern. Med. 125:799-806.

1696. Ortiz, O., and W. J. Lee. 1989. Percutaneous nephrostomy in the management of renal candidiasis. 1989. 124:739-740.

1697. Ortoneda, M., J. Capilla, I. Pujol, F. J. Pastor, E. Mayayo, J. Fernandez-Ballart, and J. Guarro. 2002. Liposomal amphotericin B and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor therapy in a murine model of invasive infection by Scedosporium prolificans. J Antimicrob Chemother. 49:525-529.

1698. Osherov, N., D. P. Kontoyiannis, A. Romans, and G. S. May. 2001. Resistance to itraconazole in Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus fumigatus is conferred by extra copies of the A- nidulans P-450 14 alpha-demethylase gene, pdmA. J Antimicrob Chemother. 48:75-81.

1699. Otero, L., V. Palacio, F. Carreno, F. J. Mendez, and F. Vazquez. 1998. Vulvovaginal candidiasis in female sex workers. Int J STD AIDS. 9:526-30.

1700. Overberger, P. A., R. M. Wadowsky, and M. M. Schaper. 1995. Evaluation of airborne particulates and fungi during hospital renovation. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 56:706-12.

1701. Padhye, A. A., M. S. Davis, D. Baer, A. Reddick, K. K. Sinha, and J. Ott. 1998. Phaeohyphomycosis caused by Phaeoacremonium inflatipes. J Clin Microbiol. 36:2763-5.

1702. Padhye, A. A., S. Verghese, P. Ravichandran, G. Balamurugan, L. Hall, P. Padmaja, and M. C. Fernandez. 2003. Trichosporon loubieri infection in a patient with adult polycystic kidney disease. J Clin Microbiol. 41:479-482.

1703. Pagani, J. J., and H. I. Libshitz. 1981. Opportunistic fungal pneumonias in cancer patients. Am. J. Roentgenol. 137.

1704. Pagliarusco, A., L. Tomazzoli, G. Amalfitano, L. Polonelli, and L. Bonomi. 1995. Mycotic keratitis by Fusarium moniliforme. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 73:560-2.

1705. Pahls, S., and A. Schaffner. 1994. Comparison of the activity of free and liposomal amphotericin B in vitro and in a model of systemic and localized murine candiasis. J. Infect. Dis. 169:1057-1061.

1706. Palaoglu, S., A. Sav, T. Basak, Y. Yalcinlar, and B. W. Scheithauer. 1993. Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis. Neurosurgery. 33:894-897.

1707. Palella, F. J., Jr., K. M. Delaney, A. C. Moorman, M. O. Loveless, J. Fuhrer, G. A. Satten, D. J. Aschman, S. D. Holmberg, and HIV Outpatient Study Investigators. 1998. Declining mortality and morbidity among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. N. Engl. J. Med. 338:853-860.

1708. Palestine, R. F., W. P. Su, and T. J. Liesegang. 1983. Late-onset chronic mucocutaneous and ocular candidiasis and malignant thymoma. Arch Dermatol. 119:580-6.

1709. Pandey, A., G. P. Agrawal, and S. M. Singh. 1990. Pathogenic fungi in soils of Jabalpur, India. Mycoses. 33:116-125.

1710. Pappagianis, D. 1998. Epidemiology of coccidiodomycosis. Curr Top Med Mycol:199-238.

1711. Pappagianis, D. 1993. Evaluation of the protective efficacy of the killed Coccidioides immitis spherule vaccine in humans. The Valley Fever Vaccine Study Group. Am Rev Respir Dis. 148:656-60.

1712. Pappagianis, D., M. S. Collins, R. Hector, and J. Remington. 1979. Development of reistance to amphotericin B in Candida lusitaniae infecting a human. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 16:123-126.

1713. Pappas, P. G., R. W. Bradsher, C. A. Kauffman, G. A. Cloud, C. J. Thomas, G. D. Campbell, Jr., S. W. Chapman, C. Newman, W. E. Dismukes, and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group. 1997. Treatment of blastomycosis with higher doses of fluconazole. Clin. Infect. Dis. 25:200-205.

1714. Pappas, P. G., J. Perfect, and R. A. Larsen. 1998. Cryptococcosis in HIV-negative patients: analysis of 306 cases. 36th Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Abstract No. Abstract No. 101.

1715. Pappas, P. G., J. R. Perfect, G. A. Cloud, R. A. Larsen, G. A. Pankey, D. J. Lancaster, H. Henderson, C. A. Kauffman, D. W. Haas, M. Saccente, R. J. Hamill, M. S. Holloway, R. M. Warren, and W. E. Dismukes. 2001. Cryptococcosis in human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients in the era of effective azole therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 33:690-699.

1716. Pappas, P. G., J. C. Pottage, W. G. Powderly, V. J. Fraser, C. W. Stratton, S. McKenzie, M. L. Tapper, H. Chmel, F. C. Bonebrake, R. Blum, and et al. 1992. Blastomycosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann. Intern. Med. 116:847-853.

1717. Pappas, P. G., J. H. Rex, R. J. Hamill, R. A. Larsen, W. G. Powderly, J. Lee, H. Horowitz, C. A. Kauffman, S. W. Chapman, R. H. Rubin, and NIAID-MSG Candidiasis Subproject. 1997. Current trends in nosocomial candidemia: Results of a large multicenter Study. 35th Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Abstract No. 13.

1718. Pappas, P. G., J. H. Rex, J. Lee, R. Hamill, R. Larsen, W. Powderly, H. Horowitz, J. Hyslop, J. Mangino, R. Webster, C. Thomas, and NIAID Mycoses Study Group. 1998. Candidemia in the United States: Therapeutic approaches and the emergence of the non-albicans Candida species. 36th Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Abstract No. 320.

1719. Pappas, P. G., I. Tellez, A. E. Deep, D. Nolasco, W. Holgado, and B. Bustamante. 2000. Sporotrichosis in Peru: Description of an area of hyperendemicity. Clin Infect Dis. 30:65-70.

1720. Pappu-Katikaneni, L. D., K. P. Rao, and E. Banister. 1990. Gastrointestinal colonization with yeast species and Candida septicemia in very low birth weight infants. Mycoses. 33:20-3.

1721. Pariser, D. M., R. J. Pariser, G. Ruoff, and T. L. Ray. 1994. Double-blind comparison of itraconazole and placebo in the treatment of tinea corporis and tinea cruris. J Am Acad Dermatol. 31:232-4.

1722. Park, M. K., D. R. Hospenthal, and J. E. Bennett. 1999. Treatment of hydrocephalus secondary to cryptococcal meningitis by use of shunting. Clin Infect Dis. 28:629-633.

1723. Parke, D. W., D. B. Jones, and L. O. Gentry. 1982. Endogenous endophthalmitis among patients with candidemia. Ophthalmology. 89:789-796.

1724. Parker, J. C., Jr., J. J. McCloskey, and K. A. Knauer. 1976. Pathobiologic features of human candidiasis: A common deep mycosis of the brain, heart and kidney in the altered host. J. Clin. Pathol. 5:991-1000.

1725. Parker, J. C., J. J. McCloskey, and R. S. Lee. 1978. The emergence of candidosis: The dominant postmortem cerebral mycosis. Am. J. Clin. Path. 70:31-36.

1726. Parsonnet, J. 1989. Trichosporon beigelii peritonitis. South. Med. J. 82:1062-3.

1727. Pasarell, L., M. R. McGinnis, and P. G. Standard. 1990. Differentiation of medically important isolates of Bipolaris and Exserohilum with exoantigens. J. Clin. Microbiol. 28:1655-7.

1728. Pastakia, B., T. H. Shawker, M. Thaler, T. O’Leary, and P. A. Pizzo. 1988. Hepatosplenic candidiasis: wheels within wheels. Radiology. 166:417-21.

1729. Patel, R. 2000. Amphotericin B colloidal dispersion. Expert Opinion in Pharmacotherapy. 1:475-488.

1730. Patel, R. 2000. Prophylactic fluconazole in liver transplant recipients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (Reprinted from Ann Intern Med, vol 131, pg 729-737, 1999). Liver Transplant. 6:376-379.

1731. Patel, R., D. Portela, A. D. Badley, W. S. Harmsen, J. J. Larson-Keller, D. M. Ilstrup, M. R. Keating, R. H. Wiesner, R. A. Krom, and C. V. Paya. 1996. Risk factors of invasive Candida and non-Candida fungal infections after liver transplantation. Transplantation. 62:926-934.

1732. Patel, R., G. D. Roberts, D. G. Kelly, and R. C. Walker. 1995. Central venous catheter infection due to Ustilago species. Clin Infect Dis. 21:1043-4.

1733. Paterson, D. L., N. Singh, T. Gayowski, and I. R. Marino. 1998. Pulmonary nodules in liver transplant recipients. Medicine (Baltimore). 77:50-8.

1734. Patterson, R., P. A. Greenberger, R. C. Radin, and M. Roberts. 1982. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: Staging as an aid to management. Ann. Intern. Med. 96:286-291.

1735. Patterson, T. F. 1999. Role of newer azoles in surgical patients. J Chemotherapy. 11:504-512.

1736. Patterson, T. F., V. T. Andriole, M. J. Zervos, D. Therasse, and C. A. Kauffman. 1990. The epidemiology of pseudallescheriasis complicating transplantation: Nosocomial and community-acquired infection. Mycoses:297-302.

1737. Patterson, T. F., W. R. Kirkpatrick, M. White, J. W. Hiemenz, J. R. Wingard, B. Dupont, M. G. Rinaldi, D. A. Stevens, and J. R. Graybill. 2000. Invasive aspergillosis – Disease spectrum, treatment practices, and outcomes. Medicine. 79:250-260.

1738. Paul, P., and V. Thurm. 1979. Hygienic significance of sterigmatocystin in vegetable foods. 2. Production of sterigmatocystin by Aspergillus versicolor. Nahrung. 23:117-20.

1739. Pavan, P. R., and C. E. Margo. 1993. Endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Bipolaris hawaiiensis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [letter]. Amer. J. Ophthalmol. 116:644-5.

1740. Paya, C. V., L. Guerra, H. M. Marsh, M. B. Farnell, J. Washington, and R. L. Thompson. 1989. Limited usefulness of quantitative culture of blood drawn through the device for diagnosis of intravascular-device-related bacteremia. J. Clin. Microbiol. 27:1431-1433.

1741. Peacock, J. E., Jr. 1990. Persistent neutrophilic meningitis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 4:747-67.

1742. Peetermans, W., H. Bobbaers, J. Verhaegen, and J. Vandepitte. 1993. Fluconazole-resistant Cryptococcus neoformans var gattii in an AIDS patient. Acta Clin Belg. 48:405-409.

1743. Pelletier, R., I. Alarie, R. Lagace, and T. J. Walsh. 2005. Emergence of disseminated candidiasis caused by Candida krusei during treatment with caspofungin: Case report and review of literature. Med Mycol. 43:559-564.

1744. Pelletier, R., J. Peter, C. Antin, C. Gonzalez, L. Wood, and T. J. Walsh. 2000. Emergence of resistance of Candida albicans to clotrimazole in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children: In vitro and clinical correlations. J Clin Microbiol. 38:1563-8.

1745. Pelz, R., P. A. Lipsett, S. Swoboda, T. Perl, W. Merz, L. Rocco, R. Brower, J. Hammond, and C. Hendrix. 1998. Do surveillance cultures predict fungal infeciton in critically ill patients? 36th Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Abstract No. 103.

1746. Pelz, R. K., C. W. Hendrix, S. M. Swoboda, W. G. Merz, and P. A. Lipsett. 2000. A double-blind placebo controlled trial of prophylactic fluconazole to prevent Candida infections in critically ill surgical patients. Crit. Care Med. 27 (Suppl.):A33 (abstract #43).

1747. Penar, P. L., J. Kim, D. Chyatte, and J. K. Sabshin. 1988. Intraventricular cryptococcal granuloma. Report of two cases. J Neurosurg. 68:145-8.

1748. Pendlebury, W. W., D. P. Perl, and D. G. Munoz. 1989. Multiple microabscesses in the central nervous system: a clinicopathologic study. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 48:290-300.

1749. Peng, T., K. I. Orsborn, M. J. Orbach, and J. N. Galgiani. 1999. Proline-rich vaccine candidate antigen of Coccidioides immitis: Conservation among isolates and differential expression with spherule maturation. J Infec Dis. 179:518-521.

1750. Penk, A., and L. Pittrow. 1999. Role of fluconazole in the long-term suppressive therapy of fungal infections in patients with artificial implants. Mycoses. 42:91-96.

1751. Penk, A., and L. Pittrow. 1999. Therapeutic experience with fluconazole in the treatment of fungal infections in diabetic patients. Mycoses. 42:97-100.

1752. Penn, C. C., E. Goldstein, and W. R. Bartholomew. 1992. Sporothrix schenckii meningitis in a patients with AIDS. Clin. Infect. Dis. 15:741-743.

1753. Penrith, M. L., J. J. Van der Lugt, M. M. Henton, J. A. Botha, and J. C. Stroebel. 1994. A review of mycotic nasal granuloma in cattle, with a report on three cases. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association. 65:179-83.

1754. Pepin, G. A., and G. C. Pritchard. 1984. Fungal mastitis in a goat due to infection with Paecilomyces variotii. Vet Med J. 5:12.

1755. Perez, A. 1999. Terbinafine: broad new spectrum of indications in several subcutaneous and systemic and parasitic diseases. Mycoses. 42:111-114.

1756. Perez, R. E., M. Smith, J. McClendon, J. Kim, and N. Eugenio. 1988. Pseudallescheria boydii brain abscess. Complication of an intravenous catheter. Am J Med. 84:359-62.

1757. Perfect, J. R., and G. M. Cox. 1999. Drug resistance in Cryptococcus neoformans. Drug Resist Update. 2:259-269.

1758. Perfect, J. R., and D. T. Durack. 1985. Penetration of imidazoles and triazoles into cerebrospinal fluid of rabbits. J Antimicrob Chemother. 16:81-6.

1759. Perfect, J. R., D. V. Savani, and D. T. Durack. 1986. Comparison of itraconazole and fluconazole in treatment of cryptococcal meningitis and Candida pyelonephritis in rabbits. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 29:579-583.

1760. Perfect, J. R., B. Wong, Y. C. Chang, K. J. Kwon-Chung, and P. R. Williamson. 1998. Cryptococcus neoformans: virulence and host defences. Med Mycol. 36:79-86.

1761. Perfect, J. R., and K. A. Wright. 1994. Amphotericin B lipid complex in the treatment of experimental cryptococcal meningitis and disseminated candidosis. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 33:73-81.

1762. Perkins, W. 1969. Pulmonary cryptococcosis: Report on the treatment of nine cases. Chest. 56:389-394.

1763. Perla, E. N., S. Maayan, S. N. Miller, G. Ramaswamy, and H. Eisenberg. 1985. Disseminated cryptococcosis presenting as the adult respiratory distress syndrome. N Y State J Med. 85:704-6.

1764. Perlman, E. M., and L. Binns. 1997. Intense photophobia caused by Arthrographis kalrae in a contact lens-wearing patient. Am J Ophthalmol. 123:547-9.

1765. Pesanti, E. L. 1991. Interaction of cytokines and alveolar cells with Pneumocystis carinii in vitro. J. Infect. Dis. 163:611-6.

1766. Petraitiene, R., V. Petraitis, A. H. Groll, T. Sein, R. L. Schaufele, A. Francesconi, J. Bacher, N. A. Avila, and T. J. Walsh. 2002. Antifungal efficacy of caspofungin (MK-0991) in experimental pulmonary aspergillosis in persistently neutropenic rabbits: Pharmacokinetics, drug disposition, and relationship to galactomannan antigenemia. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46:12-23.

1767. Petranyi, G., J. G. Meingassner, and H. Mieth. 1987. Antifungal activity of the allylamine derivative terbinafine in vitro. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 31:1365-1368.

1768. Petri, M. G., J. K?nig, H. P. Moecke, H. J. Gramm, H. Barkow, P. Kujath, R. Dennhart, H. Sch?fer, N. Meyer, P. Kalmar, P. Th?lig, J. M?ller, H. Lode, and Paul-Ehrlich Society for Chemotherapy Divisions of Mycology and Pneumonia Research. 1997. Epidemiology of invasive candidiasis in ICU patients: a prospective multicenter study in 435 non-neutropenic patients. Intens. Care Med. 23:317-325.

1769. Petrocheilou-Paschou, V., H. Prifti, E. Kostis, C. Papadimitriou, M. A. Dimopoulos, and S. Stamatelopoulos. 2001. Rhodotorula septicemia: case report and minireview. Clin Microbiol Infect. 7:100-102.

1770. Petrou, M. A., and D. C. Shanson. 2000. Susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans by the NCCLS microdilution and Etest methods using five defined media. J Antimicrob Chemother. 46:815-818.

1771. Pettengell, K., J. Mynhardt, T. Kluyts, A. Simjee, and E. Baraldi. 2000. A multicenter study of the echinocandin antifungal FK463 for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis in HIV positive patients. 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Abstract No. J-1104.

1772. Pettit, T. H., R. J. Olson, R. Y. Foos, and W. J. Martin. 1980. Fungal endophthalmitis following intraocular lens implantation. A surgical epidemic. Arch. Ophthalmol. 98:1025-1039.

1773. Pfaller, M. A., S. Arikan, M. Lozano-Chiu, Y. S. Chen, S. Coffman, S. A. Messer, R. Rennie, C. Sand, T. Heffner, J. H. Rex, J. Wang, and N. Yamane. 1998. Clinical evaluation of the ASTY colorimetric microdilution panel for antifungal susceptibility testing. J Clin Microbiol. 36:2609-2612.

1774. Pfaller, M. A., and D. J. Diekema. 2004. Twelve years of fluconazole in clinical practice: global trends in species distribution and fluconazole susceptibility of bloodstream isolates of Candida. Clin Microbiol Infect. 10:11-23.

1775. Pfaller, M. A., D. J. Diekema, S. A. Messer, L. Boyken, R. J. Hollis, and R. N. Jones. 2003. In vitro activities of voriconazole, posaconazole, and four licensed systemic antifungal agents against Candida species infrequently isolated from blood. J Clin Microbiol. 41:78-83.

1776. Pfaller, M. A., D. J. Diekema, S. A. Messer, L. Boyken, R. J. Hollis, and R. N. Jones. 2004. In vitro susceptibilities of rare Candida bloodstream isolates to ravuconazole and three comparative antifungal agents. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 48:101-105.

1777. Pfaller, M. A., B. Dupont, G. S. Kobayashi, J. Muller, M. G. Rinaldi, I. A. Espinel, S. Shadomy, P. F. Troke, T. J. Walsh, and D. W. Warnock. 1992. Standardized susceptibility testing of fluconazole: an international collaborative study. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 36:1805-9.

1778. Pfaller, M. A., R. N. Jones, G. V. Doern, A. C. Fluit, J. Verhoef, H. S. Sader, S. A. Messer, A. Houston, S. Coffman, and R. J. Hollis. 1999. International surveillance of blood stream infections due to Candida species in the European SENTRY program: Species distribution and antifungal susceptibility including the investigational triazole and echinocandin agents. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 35:19-25.

1779. Pfaller, M. A., R. N. Jones, G. V. Doern, H. S. Sader, S. A. Messer, A. Houston, S. Coffman, and R. J. Hollis. 2000. Bloodstream infections due to Candida species: SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program in North America and Latin America, 1997-1998. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:747-751.

1780. Pfaller, M. A., F. Marco, S. A. Messer, and R. N. Jones. 1998. In vitro activity of two echinocandin derivatives, LY303366 and MK-0991 (L-743,792), against clinical isolates of Aspergillus, Fusarium, Rhizopus, and other filamentous fungi. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 30:251-255.

1781. Pfaller, M. A., S. A. Messer, and S. Coffman. 1997. In vitro susceptibilities of clinical yeast isolates to a new echinocandin derivatives, LY303366, and other antifungal agents. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41:763-766.

1782. Pfaller, M. A., S. A. Messer, R. J. Hollis, and R. N. Jones. 2002. Antifungal activities of posaconazole, ravuconazole, and voriconazole compared to those of itraconazole and amphotericin B against 239 clinical isolates of Aspergillus spp. and other filamentous fungi: Report from SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 2000. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46:1032-1037.

1783. Pfaller, M. A., S. A. Messer, R. J. Hollis, R. N. Jones, G. V. Doern, M. E. Brandt, and R. A. Hajjeh. 1998. In vitro susceptibilities of Candida bloodstream isolates to the new triazole antifungal agents BMS-207147, Sch 56592, and voriconazole. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42:3242-3244.

1784. Pfaller, M. A., S. A. Messer, R. J. Hollis, R. N. Jones, G. V. Doern, M. E. Brandt, and R. A. Hajjeh. 1999. Trends in species distribution and susceptibility to fluconazole among blood stream isolates of Candida species in the United States. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 33:217-222.

1785. Pfaller, M. A., J. Zhang, S. A. Messer, M. E. Brandt, R. A. Hajjeh, C. J. Jessup, M. Tumberland, E. K. Mbidde, and M. A. Ghannoum. 1999. In vitro activities of voriconazole, fluconazole, and itraconazole against 566 clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans from the United States and Africa. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43:169-171.

1786. Pfeifer, J. D., M. G. Grand, M. A. Thomas, A. R. Berger, M. J. Lucarelli, and M. E. Smith. 1991. Endogenous Pseudallescheria boydii endophthalmitis. Clinicopathologic findings in two cases. Arch Ophthalmol. 109:1714-7.

1787. Phillips, J. R., and M. G. Karlowicz. 1997. Prevalence of Candida species in hospital-acquired urinary tract infections in a neonatal intensive care unit. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 16:190-4.

1788. Phillips, P., K. De Beule, G. Frechette, S. Tchamouroff, B. Vandercam, L. Weitner, A. Hoepelman, G. Stingl, and B. Clotet. 1998. A double-blind comparison of itraconazole oral solution and fluconazole capsules for the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis in patients with AIDS. Clin. Infect. Dis. 26:1368-1373.

1789. Phillips, P., J. C. Forbes, and D. P. Speert. 1991. Disseminated infection with Pseudallescheria boydii in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease: response to gamma-interferon plus antifungal chemotherapy. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 10:536-539.

1790. Phillips, P., S. Shafran, G. Garber, C. Rotstein, F. Smaill, I. Fong, I. Salit, M. Miller, K. Williams, J. M. Conly, J. Singer, S. Ioannou, and Canadian Candidemia Study Group. 1997. Multicenter randomized trial of fluconazole versus amphotericin B for treatment of candidemia in non-neutropenic patients. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 16:337-345.

1791. Philpot, C. M. 1977. Some aspects of the epidemiology of tinea. Mycopathologia. 62:3-13.

1792. Pickles, R., G. Long, and R. Murugasu. 1994. Isolate renal mucormycosis. Med. J. Aust. 160:514-516.

1793. Pickles, R. W., D. E. Pacey, D. B. Muir, and W. H. Herrell. 1996. Experience with infection by Scedosporium prolificans including apparent cure with fluconazole therapy. J. Infect. 33:193-197.

1794. Pidhorecky, I., J. Urschel, and T. Anderson. 2000. Resection of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients. Annals Surg Oncology. 7:312-317.

1795. Piens, M. A., D. Guyotat, E. Archimbaud, C. Plotton, J. Maupas, M. Mojon, and D. Fiere. 1988. Evaluation of a Candida antigen detection test (Cand-Tec) in the diagnosis of deep candidiasis in neutropenic patients. European Journal of Cancer & Clinical Oncology. 24:1655-9.

1796. Pier, A. C., and K. A. Moriello. 1998. Parasitic relationship between Microsporum canis and the cat. Med Mycol. 36:271-275.

1797. Pimentel, E. R., L. G. Castro, L. C. Cuce, and S. A. Sampaio. 1989. Treatment of chromomycosis by cryosurgery with liquid nitrogen: a report on eleven cases. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 15:72-7.

1798. Pincus, M. R., M. Silva-Hutner, G. Rebatta, and A. W. Branwood. 1981. Disseminated cryptococcosis in an asymptomatic alcoholic man. Arch Intern Med. 141:796-7.

1799. Pingree, T. F., G. R. Holt, R. A. Otto, and M. G. Rinaldi. 1992. Bipolaris-caused fungal sinusitis. Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery. 106:302-5.

1800. Pinna, A., F. Carta, S. Zanetti, S. Sanna, and L. A. Sechi. 2001. Endogenous Rhodotorula minuta and Candida albicans endophthalmitis in an injecting drug user. Brit J Ophthalmol. 85:759.

1801. Pinna, A., F. Carta, S. Zanetti, S. Sanna, and L. A. Sechi. 2001. Endogenous Rhodotorula minuta and Candida albicans endophthalmitis in an injecting drug user. Br J Ophthalmol. 85:759.

1802. Piper, J. P., J. Golden, D. Brown, and J. Broestler. 1990. Successful treatment of Scedosporium apiospermum suppurative arthritis with itraconazole. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 9:674-5.

1803. Pitkanen, J., V. Doucas, T. Sternsdorf, T. Nakajima, S. Aratani, K. Jensen, H. Will, P. Vahamurto, J. Ollila, M. Vihinen, H. S. Scott, S. E. Antonarakis, J. Kudoh, N. Shimizu, K. Krohn, and P. Peterson. 2000. The autoimmune regulator protein has transcriptional transactivating properties and interacts with the common coactivator CREB-binding protein. J Biol Chem. 275:16802-9.

1804. Pitt, J. I. 2000. Toxigenic fungi: which are important? Med Mycol. 38:17-22.

1805. Pitt, J. I., J. C. Basilico, M. L. Abarca, and C. Lopez. 2000. Mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi. Med Mycol. 38:41-46.

1806. Pitt, J. I., A. D. Hocking, K. Bhudhasamai, B. F. Miscamble, K. A. Wheeler, and P. Tanboon-Ek. 1994. The normal mycoflora of commodities from Thailand. 2. Beans, rice, small grains and other commodities. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 23:35-43.

1807. Pittard, W. B. I., J. D. Thullen, and A. A. Fanaroff. 1976. Neonatal septic arthritis. J. Pediatr. 88:621-624.

1808. Pittet, D., M. Monod, P. M. Suter, E. Frenk, and R. Auckenthaler. 1994. Candida colonization and subsequent infections in critically ill surgical patients. Ann. Surg. 220:751-758.

1809. Pittrof, F., J. Gerhards, W. Erni, and G. Klecak. 1992. Loceryl nail lacquer –realization of a new galenical approach to onychomycosis therapy. Clin Exp Dermatol. 17 (Suppl 1):26-28.

1810. Piwoz, J. A., G. J. Stadtmauer, E. J. Bottone, I. Weitzman, E. Shlasko, and C. Cunningham-Rundles. 2000. Trichosporon inkin lung abscesses presenting as a penetrating chest wall mass. Pediat Inf Dis J. 19:1025-1027.

1811. Pizzo, P. A., K. J. Robichaud, F. A. Gill, and F. G. Witebsky. 1982. Empiric antibiotics and antifungal therapy for cancer patients with prolonged fever and granulocytopenia. Am. J. Med. 72:101-111.

1812. Plzas, J., J. Portilla, V. Boix, and M. Perez-Mateo. 1994. Sporobolomyces salmonicolor lympadenitis in an AIDS patient. Pathogen or passenger? AIDS. 8:387-388.

1813. Podzamczer, D., J. M. Nolla, X. Juanola, and F. Gudiol. 1989. Candidal osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in heroin abusers [letter; comment]. J. Rheumatol. 16:256-7.

1814. Poelma, F. G., d. G. A. Vries, E. A. Blythe-Russell, and M. H. F. Luykx. 1974. Lobomycosis in an Atlantic bottle-nosed dolphin in the Dolphinarium Harderwijk. Aquatic Mammals. 13:11-15.

1815. Poirot, J. L., J. P. Laporte, E. Gueho, A. Verny, N. C. Gorin, A. Najman, M. Marteau, and P. Roux. 1985. A propos d’un cas de mycose profonde a Fusarium verticilloides[A case of deep mycosis due to Fusarium verticilloides]. Medecine et Maladies Infectieuses. 10:529-532.

1816. Polak, A. 1993. Combination of amorolfine with various antifungal drugs in dermatophytosis. Mycoses. 36:43-49.

1817. Polak, A. 1993. Kinetics of amorolfine in human nails. Mycoses. 36:101-103.

1818. Polak, A. 1992. Preclinical data and mode of action of amorolfine. Dermatology. 184 (Suppl 1):3-7.

1819. Polak, A., and J. H. Scholer. 1975. Mode of action of 5-fluorocytosine and mechanisms of resistance. Chemotherapy. 21:113-130.

1820. Polanco, A., E. Mellado, C. Castilla, and J. L. Rodriguez-Tudela. 1999. Detection of Candida albicans in blood by PCR in a rabbit animal model of disseminated candidiasis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 34:177-83.

1821. Polesky, A., C. M. Kirsch, L. S. Snyder, P. LoBue, F. T. Kagawa, B. J. Dykstra, J. H. Wehner, A. Catanzaro, N. M. Ampel, and D. A. Stevens. 1999. Airway coccidioidomycosis – Report of cases and review. Clin Infect Dis. 28:1273-1280.

1822. Polsky, B., M. R. Depman, J. W. M. Gold, J. H. Galicich, and D. Armstrong. 1986. Intraventricular therapy of cryptococcal meningitis via a subcutaneous reservoir. Am. J. Med. 81:24-28.

1823. Pometta, R., C. Trovato, M. A. Viviani, T. Masini, and D. Conte. 1999. Chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis in a patient with a recent history of tuberculosis and persistent round lung lesions. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 18:229-231.

1824. Pons, V., D. Greenspan, M. Debruin, and the Multicenter Study Group. 1993. Therapy for oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-infected patients: A randomized, prospective multicenter study of oral fluconazole versus clotrimazole troches. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 6:1311-1316.

1825. Pons, V., D. Greenspan, F. Lozada-Nur, L. McPhail, J. E. Gallant, A. Tunkel, C. C. Johnson, J. McCarty, H. Panzer, M. Levenstein, A. Barranco, and S. Green. 1997. Oropharyngeal candidiasis in patients with AIDS: Randomized comparison of fluconazole versus nystatin oral suspensions. Clin. Infect. Dis. 27:1204-1207.

1826. Ponton, J., R. Ruchel, K. V. Clemons, D. C. Coleman, R. Grillot, J. Guarro, D. Aldebert, P. Ambroise-Thomas, J. Cano, A. J. Carrillo-Munoz, J. Gene, C. Pinel, D. A. Stevens, and D. J. Sullivan. 2000. Emerging pathogens. Med Mycol. 38:225-236.

1827. Poon, W. S., S. Ng, and S. Wai. 1998. CSF antibiotic prophylaxis for neurosurgical patients with ventriculostomy: a randomized study. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 71:146-8.

1828. Popovich, M. J., R. H. Arthur, and E. Helmer. 1990. CT of intracranial cryptococcosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 154:603-6.

1829. Pore, R. S. 1994. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by flow cytometry. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 34:613-627.

1830. Pore, R. S., and J. Chen. 1976. Meningitis caused by Rhodotorula. Sabouraudia. 14:331-335.

1831. Porro, G. B., F. Parente, and M. Cernuschi. 1989. The diagnosis of esophageal candidiasis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome: is endoscopy always necessary? [see comments]. Am J Gastroenterol. 84:143-6.

1832. Posteraro, B., M. Sanguinetti, G. D’Amore, L. Masucci, G. Morace, and G. Fadda. 1999. Molecular and epidemiological characterization of vaginal Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates. J Clin Microbiol. 37:2230-2235.

1833. Posthaus, H., M. Krampe, O. Pagan, E. Gueho, C. Suter, and L. Bacciarini. 1997. Systemic paecilomycosis in a hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata). J Mycol Med. 7:223-226.

1834. Powderly, W. G., D. M. Finkelstein, J. Feinberg, P. Frame, W. He, C. van der Horst, S. L. Koletar, M. E. Eyster, J. Carey, H. Waskin, T. M. Hooton, N. Hyslop, S. A. Specton, S. A. Bozzette, and the NIAID AIDS Clinical Trials Group. 1995. A randomized trial comparing fluconazole with clotrimazole troches for the prevention of fungal infections in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. N. Engl. J. Med. 332:700-705.

1835. Powderly, W. G., E. J. Keath, M. Sokol-Anderson, K. Robinson, D. Kitz, J. R. Little, and G. Kobayashsi. 1992. Amphotericin B-resistant Cryptococcus neoformans in a patient with AIDS. Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract. 1:314-316.

1836. Powderly, W. G., M. S. Saag, G. A. Cloud, P. Robinson, R. D. Meyer, J. M. Jacobson, J. R. Graybill, A. M. Sugar, V. J. McAuliffe, S. E. Follansbee, C. U. Tuazon, J. J. Stern, J. Feinberg, R. Hafner, and W. E. Dismukes. 1992. A controlled trial of fluconazole or amphotericin B to prevent relapse of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 326:793-798.

1837. Powell, B. L., D. J. Drutz, M. Huppert, and S. H. Sun. 1983. Relationship of progesterone- and estradiol-binding proteins in Coccidioides immitis to coccidioidal dissemination in pregnancy. Infect Immun. 40:478-485.

1838. Powell, G. M., and T. M. Toledo. 1970. Pulmonary tuberculosis complicated by pulmonary histoplasmosis. Texas Medicine. 66:46-51.

1839. Powles, M. A., P. Liberator, J. Anderson, Y. Karkhanis, J. F. Dropinski, F. A. Bouffard, J. M. Balkovec, H. Fujioka, M. Aikawa, D. McFadden, and D. Schmatz. 1998. Efficacy of MK-991 (L,743,872), a semisynthetic pneumocandin, in murine models of Pneumocystis carinii. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42:1985-1989.

1840. Poynton, C. H., R. A. Barnes, and J. Rees. 1998. Interferon gamma and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor for the treatment of hepatosplenic candidosis in patients with acute leukemia. Clin. Infect. Dis. 26:239-240.

1841. Poza, G., J. Montoya, C. Redondo, J. Ruiz, N. Vila, J. L. Rodriguez-Tudela, A. Ceron, and E. Simarro. 2000. Meningitis caused by Pseudallescheria boydii treated with voriconazole. Clin Infect Dis. 30:981-982.

1842. Pradeepkumar, V. K., V. S. Rajadurai, and K. W. Tan. 1998. Congenital candidiasis: varied presentations. J Perinatol. 18:311-6.

1843. Prat, O., D. Schurr, A. Pomeranz, A. Farkas, and A. Drukker. 1984. Renal candidiasis in infancy–a case with fungus ball obstruction. Int J Pediatr Nephrol. 5:223-6.

1844. Prentice, H. G., I. M. Hann, R. Herbrecht, M. Aoun, S. Kvaloy, D. Catovsky, C. R. Pinkerton, S. A. Schey, F. Jacobs, A. Oakhill, R. F. Stevens, P. J. Darbyshire, and B. E. S. Givson. 1997. A randomized comparison of liposomal versus conventional amphotericin B for the treatment of pyrexia of unknown origin in neutropenic patients. Br. J. Haematol. 98:711-718.

1845. Prevost, E., and E. Bannister. 1981. Detection of yeast septicemia by biphasic and radiometric methods. J. Clin. Microbiol. 12:655-660.

1846. Price, M. F., M. T. LaRocco, and L. O. Gentry. 1994. Fluconazole susceptibilities of Candida species and distribution of species recovered from blood cultures over a 5-year period. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38:1422-1424.

1847. Pritchard, R. C., and D. B. Muir. 1987. Black fungi: a survey of dematiaceous hyphomycetes from clinical specimens identified over a five year period in a reference laboratory. Pathology. 19:281-4.

1848. Proffitt, R. T., A. Satorius, S. M. Chiang, L. Sullivan, and J. P. Adler-Moore. 1991. Pharmacology and toxicology of a liposomal formulation of amphotericin B (AmBisome) in rodents. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 28 (Suppl. B):49-61.

1849. Pruett, T. L., O. D. Rotstein, R. W. Anderson, and R. L. Simmons. 1986. Tricuspid valve Candida endocarditis. Successful treatment with valve-sparing debridement and antifungal chemotherapy in a multiorgan transplant recipient. Am J Med. 80:116-8.

1850. Pruitt, A. W., J. L. Achord, F. W. Fales, and J. H. Patterson. 1969. Glucose-galactose malabsorption complicated by monilial arthritis. Pediatrics. 43:106-10.

1851. Puccia, R., A. K. Carmona, J. L. Gesztesi, L. Juliano, and L. R. Travassos. 1998. Exocellular proteolytic activity of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis: cleavage of components associated with the basement membrane. Med Mycol. 36:345-348.

1852. Puerto, J. L., P. Garcia-Martos, A. Saldarreaga, J. Ruiz-Aragon, R. Garcia-Agudo, and S. Aoufi. 2002. First report of urinary tract infection due to Pichia ohmeri. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 21:630-1.

1853. Pujol, I., C. Aguilar, J. Gene, and J. Guarro. 2000. In vitro antifungal susceptibility of Alternaria spp. and Ulocladium spp. J Antimicrob Chemother. 46:337-338.

1854. Pujol, I., J. Guarro, J. Gene, and J. Sala. 1997. In vitro antifungal susceptibility of clinical and environmental Fusarium spp. strains. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 39:163-167.

1855. Pujol, I., J. Guarro, C. Llop, L. Soler, and J. Fernandez-Ballart. 1996. Comparison study of broth macrodilution and microdilution antifungal susceptibility tests for the filamentous fungi. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 40:2106-2110.

1856. Punithalingam, E. 1979. Sphaeropsidales in culture from humans. Nova Hedwigia. 31:119-158.

1857. Queiroz-Telles, F., K. S. Purim, J. N. Fillus, G. F. Bordignon, R. P. Lameira, J. Van Cutsem, and G. Cauwenbergh. 1992. Itraconazole in the treatment of chromoblastomycosis due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi. Int. J. Dermatol. 31:805-12.

1858. Quindos, G., F. Cabrera, M. del Carmen Arilla, A. Burgos, R. Ortiz-Vigon, J. L. Canon, and J. Ponton. 1994. Fatal Candida famata peritonitis in a patient undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis who was treated with fluconazole. Clin. Infect. Dis. 18:658-660.

1859. Raabe, P., P. Mayser, and R. Weiss. 1998. Demonstration of Malassezia furfur and M-sympodialis together with M-pachydermatis in veterinary specimens. Mycoses. 41:493-500.

1860. Raad, I. I., and G. P. Bodey. 1992. Infectious complications of indwelling vascular catheters. Clin. Infect. Dis. 15:197-210.

1861. Rabah, R., W. J. Kupsky, and J. E. Haas. 1998. Arteritis and fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage complicating occult Candida meningitis: unusual presentation in pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 122:1030-3.

1862. Rabalais, G. P., T. D. Samiec, K. K. Bryant, and J. J. Lewis. 1996. Invasive candidiasis in infants weighing more than 2500 grams at birth admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 15:348-52.

1863. Rabinovici, R., D. Szewczyk, P. Ovadia, J. R. Greenspan, and J. J. Sivalingam. 1997. Candida pericarditis: clinical profile and treatment. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 63:1200-1204.

1864. Radford, S. A., E. M. Johnson, and D. W. Warnock. 1997. In vitro studies of activity of voriconazole (UK-104,496), a new triazole antifungal agent, against emerging and less-common mold pathogens. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41:841-843.

1865. Raffanti, S. P., B. Fyfe, S. Carreiro, S. E. Sharp, B. A. Hyma, and K. R. Ratzan. 1990. Native valve endocarditis due to Pseudallescheria boydii in a patient with AIDS: case report and review. Rev Infect Dis. 12:993-6.

1866. Rahman, M. R., G. J. Johnson, R. Husain, S. A. Howlader, and D. C. Minassian. 1998. Randomised trial of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate and 2.5% natamycin for fungal keratitis in Bangladesh. Br J Ophthalmol. 82:919-25.

1867. Ralph, E. D., and Z. Hussain. 1996. Chronic meningitis cause by Candida albicans in a liver transplant recipient: Usefulness of the polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis and for monitoring treatment. Clin. Infect. Dis. 23:191-192.

1868. Ramani, R., and V. Chaturvedi. 2000. Flow cytometry antifungal susceptibility testing of pathogenic yeasts other than Candida albicans and comparison with the NCCLS broth microdilution test. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:2752-2758.

1869. Ramchandren, R., and D. E. Gladstone. 2004. Cryptococcus albidus infection in a patient undergoing autologous progenitor cell transplant. Transplantation. 77:956.

1870. Ramos, J. M., M. Cuenca-Estrella, F. Gutierrez, M. Elia, and J. L. Rodriguez-Tudela. 2004. Clinical case of endocarditis due to Trichosporon inkin and antifungal susceptibility profile of the organism. J Clin Microbiol. 42:2341-2344.

1871. Rangel-Frausto, M. S., T. Wiblin, H. M. Blumberg, L. Saiman, J. Patterson, M. Rinaldi, M. Pfaller, J. E. Edwards, Jr., W. Jarvis, J. Dawson, and R. P. Wenzel. 1999. National Epidemiology of Mycoses Survey (NEMIS): Variations in rates of bloodstream infections due to Candida species in seven surgical intensive care units and six neonatal intensive care units. Clin Infect Dis. 29:253-258.

1872. Rantala, A., J. Niihikoski, and O.-P. Lehtonen. 1995. Yeasts in blood cultures: Impact of early therapy. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 21:557-561.

1873. Rao, A., R. Forgan-Smith, S. Miller, and H. Haswell. 1989. Phaeohyphomycosis of the nasal sinuses caused by Bipolaris species. Pathology. 21:280-1.

1874. Rapelanoro, R., P. Mortureux, B. Couprie, J. Maleville, and A. Taieb. 1996. Neonatal Malassezia furfur pustulosis. Arch Derm. 132:190-193.

1875. Raper, K. B., and D. I. Fennell. 1965. The genus Aspergillus. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.

1876. Rath, P. M., K. Petermeier, P. E. Verweij, and R. Ansorg. 2002. Differentiation of Aspergillus ustus strains by random amplification of polymorphic DNA. J Clin Microbiol. 40:2231-2233.

1877. Raval, D. S., L. L. Barton, R. C. Hansen, and P. J. Kling. 1995. Congenital cutaneous candidiasis: case report and review [see comments]. Pediatr Dermatol. 12:355-8.

1878. Ravine, D., K. J. Turner, and M. P. Alpers. 1980. Genetic inheritance of susceptibility to tinea imbricata. J Med Genet. 17:342-8.

1879. Reagan, D. R., M. A. Pfaller, R. J. Hollis, and R. P. Wenzel. 1990. Characterization of the sequence of colonization and nosocomial candidemia using DNA fingerprinting and a DNA probe. J. Clin. Microbiol. 28:2733-2738.

1880. Reagan, D. R., M. A. Pfaller, R. J. Hollis, and R. P. Wenzel. 1995. Evidence of nosocomial spread of Candida albicans causing bloodstream infection in a neonatal intensive care unit. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 21:191-194.

1881. Recht, L. D., J. R. Philips, M. R. Eckman, and G. A. Sarosi. 1979. Self-limited blastomycosis: a report of thirteen cases. Am Rev Respir Dis. 120:1109-12.

1882. Redding, S. W., K. A. Marr, W. R. Kirkpatrick, B. J. Coco, and T. F. Patterson. 2004. Candida glabrata sepsis secondary to oral colonization in bone marrow transplantation. Med Mycol. 42:479-481.

1883. Redlich, C. A., J. Sparer, and M. R. Cullen. 1997. Sick-building syndrome. Lancet. 349:1013-6.

1884. Reed, P. A., R. M. Girgis, P. S. Ashok, J. Ravi, R. M. Agrawal, and G. J. Brodmerkel, Jr. 1993. A pseudocyst infected by Torulopsis glabrata: a unique problem. Am J Gastroenterol. 88:1962-3.

1885. Reef, S. E., B. A. Lasker, D. S. Butcher, M. M. McNeil, R. Pruitt, H. Keyserling, and W. R. Jarvis. 1998. Nonperinatal nosocomial transmission of Candida albicans in a neonatal intensive care unit: Prospective study. J Clin Microbiol. 36:1255-1259.

1886. Reef, S. E., W. C. Levine, M. M. McNeil, S. Fisher-Hoch, S. D. Holmberg, A. Duerr, D. Smith, J. D. Sobel, and R. W. Pinner. 1995. Treatment options for vulvovaginal candidiasis. Background paper for development of 1993 STD treatment recommendations. Clin. Infect. Dis. 20 (Suppl. 1):S80-S90.

1887. Regli, P., and H. Ferrari. 1989. In vitro action spectrum of a new antifungal agent derived from morpholine: amorolfin. Pathol Biol (Paris).

1888. Reidarson, T. H., L. A. Griner, D. Pappagiansis, and J. McBain. 1998. Coccidioidomycosis in a bottlenose dolphin. J Wildlife Dis. 34:629-631.

1889. Reina, J. P., D. H. Larone, J. R. Sabetta, K. K. Krieger, and B. J. Hartman. 2002. Pichia ohmeri prosthetic valve endocarditis and review of the literature. Scand J Infect Dis. 34:140-1.

1890. Reinel, D., and C. Clarke. 1992. Comparative efficacy and safety of amorolfine nail lacquer 5% in onychomycosis, once-weekly versus twice-weekly. Clin Exp Dermatol. 17 (Suppl 1):44-49.

1891. Reiss, E., K. Tanaka, G. Bruker, V. Chazalet, D. Coleman, J. P. Debeaupuis, R. Hanazawa, J. P. Latge, J. Lortholary, K. Makimura, C. J. Morrison, S. Y. Murayama, S. Naoe, S. Paris, J. Sarfati, K. Shibuya, D. Sullivan, K. Uchida, and H. Yamaguchi. 1998. Molecular diagnosis and epidemiology of fungal infections. Med Mycol. 36:249-257.

1892. Reiss, J. 1976. Mycotoxins in foodstuffs. VI. Formation of sterigmatocystin in bread by Aspergillus versicolor. Z Lebensm Unters Forsch. 160:313-9.

1893. Renfro, L., H. M. Feder, Jr., T. J. Lane, P. Manu, and D. A. Matthews. 1989. Yeast connection among 100 patients with chronic fatigue. Am J Med. 86:165-8.

1894. Rentz, A. M., M. T. Halpern, and R. Bowden. 1998. The impact of candidemia on length of hospital stay, outcome, and overall cost of illness. Clin Infect Dis. 27:781-788.

1895. Restrepo, A. 1994. Treatment of tropical mycoses. J. Amer. Acad. Dermatol. 31:S91-102.

1896. Restrepo, A., C. de Bedout, L. E. Cano, M. D. Arango, and V. Bedoya. 1981. Recovery of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis from a partially calcified lymph node lesion by microaerophilic incubation of liquid media. Sabouraudia. 19:295-300.

1897. Restrepo, A., I. Gomez, L. E. Cano, M. D. Arango, F. Gutierrez, A. Sanin, and M. A. Robledo. 1983. Treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis with ketoconazole: a three-year experience. Am J Med. 74:48-52.

1898. Restrepo, A., J. Robledo, I. Gomez, A. M. Tabares, and R. Gutierrez. 1986. Itraconazole therapy in lymphangitic and cutaneous sporotrichosis. Arch. Dermatol. 122:413-417.

1899. Reuben, A., E. Anaissie, P. E. Nelson, R. Hashem, C. Legrand, D. H. Ho, and G. P. Bodey. 1989. Antifungal susceptibility of 44 clinical isolates of Fusarium species determined by using a broth microdilution method. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 33:1647-1649.

1900. Revankar, S. G., W. R. Kirkpatrick, R. K. McAtee, O. P. Dib, A. W. Fothergill, S. W. Redding, M. G. Rinaldi, and T. F. Patterson. 1996. Detection and significance of fluconazole resistance in oropharyngeal candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. J. Infect. Dis. 174:821-827.

1901. Revankar, S. G., W. R. Kirkpatrick, R. K. McAtee, A. W. Fothergill, S. W. Redding, M. G. Rinaldi, S. G. Hilsenbeck, and T. F. Patterson. 1998. A randomized trial of continuous or intermittent therapy with fluconazole for oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-infected patients: Clinical outcomes and development of fluconazole resistance. Am. J. Med. 105:7-11.

1902. Revankar, S. G., J. E. Patterson, D. A. Sutton, R. Pullen, and M. G. Rinaldi. 2002. Disseminated phaeohyphomycosis: Review of an emerging mycosis. Clin Infect Dis. 34:467-476.

1903. Rex, J. H., J. E. Bennett, A. M. Sugar, P. G. Pappas, J. Serody, J. E. Edwards, R. G. Washburn, the NIAID Mycoses Study Group, and the Candidemia Study Group. 1995. Intravascular catheter exchanges and the duration of candidemia. Clin. Infect. Dis. 21:994-996.

1904. Rex, J. H., J. E. Bennett, A. M. Sugar, P. G. Pappas, C. M. Van der Horst, J. E. Edwards, R. G. Washburn, W. M. Scheld, A. W. Karchmer, A. P. Dine, M. J. Levenstein, C. D. Webb, the Candidemia Study Group, and the NIAID Mycoses Study Group. 1994. A randomized trial comparing fluconazole with amphotericin B for the treatment of candidemia in patients without neutropenia. N. Engl. J. Med. 331:1325-1330.

1905. Rex, J. H., C. R. Cooper, Jr., W. G. Merz, J. N. Galgiani, and E. J. Anaissie. 1995. Detection of amphotericin B-resistant Candida isolates in a broth-based system. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39:906-909.

1906. Rex, J. H., A. M. Ginsberg, L. F. Fries, H. I. Pass, and K. J. Kwon-Chung. 1988. Cunninghamella bertholletiae infection associated with deferoxamine therapy. Rev. Infect. Dis. 10:1187-1194.

1907. Rex, J. H., R. A. Larsen, W. E. Dismukes, G. A. Cloud, and J. E. Bennett. 1993. Catastrophic visual loss due to Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis. Medicine (Baltimore). 72:207-224.

1908. Rex, J. H., P. W. Nelson, V. L. Paetznick, M. Lozano-Chiu, A. Espinel-Ingroff, and E. J. Anaissie. 1998. Optimizing the correlation between results of testing in vitro and therapeutic outcome in vivo for fluconazole by testing critical isolates in a murine model of invasive candidiasis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42:129-134.

1909. Rex, J. H., and P. C. Okhuysen. 2000. Sporothrix schenckii, p. 2695-2698. In G. L. Mandell, J. E. Bennett, and R. Dolin (ed.), Mandell, Douglas and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 5th ed. Churchill Livingstone, New York.

1910. Rex, J. H., M. A. Pfaller, J. N. Galgiani, M. S. Bartlett, A. Espinel-Ingroff, M. A. Ghannoum, M. Lancaster, F. C. Odds, M. G. Rinaldi, T. J. Walsh, A. L. Barry, and Subcommittee on Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. 1997. Development of interpretive breakpoints for antifungal susceptibility testing: conceptual framework and analysis of in vitro-in vivo correlation data for fluconazole, itraconazole, and Candida infections. Clin. Infect. Dis. 24:235-247.

1911. Rex, J. H., M. A. Pfaller, M. G. Rinaldi, A. Polak, and J. N. Galgiani. 1993. Antifungal susceptibility testing. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 6:367-381.

1912. Rex, J. H., M. G. Rinaldi, and M. A. Pfaller. 1995. Resistance of Candida species to fluconazole. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39:1-8.

1913. Rex, J. H., and T. J. Walsh. 1999. Editorial response: Estimating the true cost of amphotericin B. Clin Infect Dis. 29:1408-1410.

1914. Rex, J. H., T. J. Walsh, and E. A. Anaissie. 1998. Fungal infections in iatrogenically compromised hosts. Adv. Intern. Med. 43:321-371.

1915. Rex, J. H., T. J. Walsh, J. D. Sobel, S. G. Filler, P. G. Pappas, W. E. Dismukes, and J. E. Edwards. 2000. Practice guidelines for the treatment of candidiasis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 30:662-678.

1916. Rhoads, J. L., D. C. Wright, R. R. Redfield, and D. S. Burke. 1987. Chronic vaginal candidiasis in women with human immunodeficiency virus infection. JAMA. 257:3105-7.

1917. Rhodes, J. C., I. Polacheck, and K. J. Kwon-Chung. 1982. Phenoloxidase activity and virulence in isogenic strains of Cryptococcus neoformans. Infect Immun. 36:1175-84.

1918. Ribes, J. A., C. L. Vanover-Sams, and D. J. Baker. 2000. Zygomycetes in human disease. Clin Microbiol Rev. 13:236-301.

1919. Ricci, R. M., J. S. Evans, J. J. Meffert, L. Kaufman, and L. C. Sadkowski. 1998. Primary cutaneous Aspergillus ustus infection: second reported case. J Am Acad Dermatol. 38:797-8.

1920. Rich, P. 2000. Onychomycosis and tinea pedis in patients with diabetes. J Am Acad Dermatol. 43:S130-S134.

1921. Richardson, S. E., R. M. Bannatyne, R. C. Summerbell, J. Milliken, R. Gold, and S. S. Weitzman. 1988. Disseminated fusarial infection in the immunocompromised host. Rev. Infect. Dis. 10:1171-1181.

1922. Richet, H. M., A. Andremont, C. Tancrede, J. L. Pico, and W. R. Jarvis. 1991. Risk factors for candidemia in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Rev. Infect. Dis. 13:211-215.

1923. Richter, J. M., G. A. Jacoby, H. Schapiro, and A. L. Warshaw. 1982. Pancreatic abscess due to Candida albicans. Ann. Intern. Med. 97:221-2.

1924. Richter, S., M. G. Cormican, M. A. Pfaller, C. K. Lee, R. Gingrich, M. G. Rinaldi, and D. A. Sutton. 1999. Fatal disseminated Trichoderma longibrachiatum infection in an adult bone marrow transplant patient: Species identification and review of the literature. J Clin Microbiol. 37:1154-1160.

1925. Rickerts, V., A. Bohme, A. Viertel, G. Behrendt, V. Jacobi, K. Tintelnot, and G. Just-Nubling. 2000. Cluster of pulmonary infections caused by Cunninghamella bertholletiae in immunocompromised patients. Clin Infect Dis. 31:910-913.

1926. Rimek, D., T. Zimmermann, M. Hartmann, C. Prariyachatigul, and R. Kappe. 1999. Disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection in an HIV-positive female from Thailand in Germany. Mycoses. 42:25-28.

1927. Rinaldi, M. G., P. Phillips, J. G. Schwartz, R. E. Winn, G. R. Holt, F. W. Shagets, J. Elrod, G. Nishioka, and T. B. Aufdemorte. 1987. Human Curvularia infections. Report of five cases and review of the literature. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 6:27-39.

1928. Rinaldi, S., E. Fiscarelli, and G. Rizzoni. 2000. Paecilomyces variotii peritonitis in an infant on automated peritoneal dialysis. Pediat Nephrol. 14:365-366.

1929. Rindum, J. L., A. Stenderup, and P. Holmstrup. 1994. Identification of Candida albicans types related to healthy and pathological oral mucosa. J Oral Pathol Med. 23:406-12.

1930. Ripa, S., L. Ferrante, and M. Prenna. 1993. Pharmacokinetics of fluconazole in normal volunteers. Pharmacology. 39:6-12.

1931. Rist, T. E., D. C. Abele, and J. M. Caves. 1974. Tinea faciale: an often misdiagnosed clinical entity. South Med J. 67:331-4.

1932. Ritterband, D. C., J. A. Seedor, M. K. Shah, R. S. Koplin, and S. A. McCormick. 2006. Fungal keratitis at the new york eye and ear infirmary. Cornea. 25:264-7.

1933. Rivett, A. G., J. A. Perry, and J. Cohen. 1986. Urinary candidiasis: A prospective study in hospital patients. Urol. Res. 14:183-186.

1934. Roberts, D. T. 1994. Oral therapeutic agents in fungal nail disease. J. Amer. Acad. Dermatol. 31:S78-81.

1935. Robitaille, P., A. Merouani, M. J. Clermont, and E. Hebert. 1995. Successful antifungal prophylaxis in chronic peritoneal dialysis: a pediatric experience. Peritoneal Dialysis International. 15:77-79.

1936. Robson, J. M., P. G. Hogan, R. A. Benn, and P. A. Gatenby. 1989. Allergic fungal sinusitis presenting as a paranasal sinus tumour. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Medicine. 19:351-3.

1937. Rock, J. P. 1998. Cerebral fungal infections in the immunocompromised host: A literature review and a new pathogen- Chaetomium atrobrunneum: Case report – Comment. Neurosurgery. 43:1469.

1938. Rockhill, R. C., and M. D. Klein. 1980. Paecilomyces lilacinus as the cause of chronic maxillary sinusitis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 11:737-739.

1939. Rodero, L., S. Cordoba, P. Cahn, F. Hochenfellner, G. Davel, C. Canteros, S. Kaufman, and L. Guelfand. 2000. In vitro susceptibility studies of Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from patients with no clinical response to amphotericin B therapy. J Antimicrob Chemother. 45:239-242.

1940. Rodero, L., S. Cordoba, P. Cahn, M. Soria, M. Lucarini, G. Davel, S. Kaufman, C. Canteros, and L. Guelfand. 2000. Timed-kill curves for Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from patients with AIDS. Med Mycol. 38:201-207.

1941. Rodighiero, V. 1999. Effects of liver disease on pharmacokinetics. An update. Clin Pharmacokinet. 37:399-431.

1942. Rodin, P., and B. Kolator. 1976. Carriage of yeasts on the penis. Br Med J. 1:1123-4.

1943. Rodriguez-Toro, G. 1993. Lobomycosis. Int. J. Dermatol. 32:324-32.

1944. Rodriguez-Toro, G., and N. Tellez. 1992. Lobomycosis in Colombian Amer Indian patients. Mycopathologia. 120:5-9.

1945. Rodriguez-Tudela, J. L., F. Martin-Diez, M. Cuenca-Estrella, L. Rodero, Y. Carpintero, and B. Gorgojo. 2000. Influence of shaking on antifungal susceptibility testing of Cryptococcus neoformans: a comparison of the NCCLS standard M27A medium, buffered yeast nitrogen base, and RPMI-2% glucose. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:400-404.

1946. Rodriguez, L. J., E. J. Anaissie, and J. H. Rex. 2000. Pneumonia due to Candida species, p. 115-122. In G. A. Sarosi and S. F. Davies (ed.), Fungal Disease of the Lung, 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia.

1947. Rodriguez, L. J., R. T. King, C. A. Garcia, and J. H. Rex. 1997. Frequency, natural history, and etiology of retinal lesions in ICU patients with sepsis. Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Abstract No.

1948. Rodriguez, L. J., J. H. Rex, and E. J. Anaissie. 1996. Update on invasive candidiasis. Adv. Pharmacol. 137:349-400.

1949. Roe, D. C., and R. E. Haynes. 1972. Candida albicans meningitis successfully treated with Amphotericin B. Am. J. Dis. Child. 124:926-929.

1950. Roessmann, U., and R. L. Friede. 1967. Candidal infection of the brain. Arch Path. 84:495-498.

1951. Rohner, P., B. Pepey, and R. Auckenthaler. 1995. Comparison of BacT/Alert with Signal blood culture system. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:313-317.

1952. Roilides, E., L. Sigler, E. Bibashi, H. Katsifa, N. Flaris, and C. Panteliadis. 1999. Disseminated infection due to Chrysosporium zonatum in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease and review of non-Aspergillus fungal infections with this disease. J Clin Microbiol. 37:18-25.

1953. Roldan, Y. B., S. Mata-Essayag, and C. Hartung. 2000. Erysipelas and tinea pedis. Mycoses. 43:181-3.

1954. Rollot, F., P. Bossi, R. Tubiana, E. Caumes, V. Zeller, C. Katlama, and F. Bricaire. 2001. Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis against cryptococcosis in patients with AIDS receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Aids. 15:1448-1449.

1955. Rolston, K. V. I. 2001. The spectrum of pulmonary infections in cancer patients. Curr Opin Oncol. 13:218-223.

1956. Rolston, K. V. I., R. L. Hopfer, and D. L. Larson. 1985. Infections caused by Drechslera species: Case report and review of the literature. Rev. Infect. Dis. 7:525-529.

1957. Rolston, K. V. I., S. Rodriguez, N. Dholoaki, E. Whimbey, and I. Raad. 1997. Pulmonary infections mimicking cancer: A retrospective, three-year review. Support Care Cancer. 5:90-93.

1958. Romani, L., S. Mocci, C. Bietta, L. Lafaloni, P. Puccetti, and F. Bistoni. 1991. Th1 and Th2 cytokine secretion patterns in murine candidiasis: association of Th1 responses with acquired resistance. Infect. Immun. 59:4647-4654.

1959. Romano, C. 1998. Onychomycosis due to Microsporum gypseum. Mycoses. 41:349-351.

1960. Romano, C., A. Ghilardi, and L. Massai. 2004. Subungual hyperkeratosis of the big toe due to Bipolaris hawaiiensis. Acta Derm Venereol. 84:476-7.

1961. Romano, C., C. Miracco, and E. M. Difonzo. 1998. Skin and nail infections due to Fusarium oxysporum in Tuscany, Italy. Mycoses. 41:433-437.

1962. Roncari, G., C. Ponelle, R. Zumbrunnen, A. Guenzi, J. Dingemanse, and J. H. Jonkman. 1992. Percutaneous absorption of amorolfine following a single topical application of an amorolfine cream formulation. Clin Exp Dermatol. 17 (Suppl 1):33-36.

1963. Rosa, R. H., Jr., D. Miller, and E. C. Alfonso. 1994. The changing spectrum of fungal keratitis in south Florida. Ophthalmology. 101:1005-13.

1964. Rose, C. S. 1999. Antigens, p. 25-1 to 25-11. In J. Macher, H. A. Ammann, H. A. Burge, D. K. Milton, and P. R. Morey (ed.), Bioaerosols: Assessment and Control. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (www.acgih.org), Cincinnati, OH.

1965. Rose, F. L., J. Koke, R. Koehn, and D. Smith. 2001. Identification of the etiological agent for necrotizing scute disease in the Texas tortoise. J Wildl Dis. 37:223-8.

1966. Rose, H., and N. K. Sheth. 1978. Pulmonary candidiasis: A clinical and pathological correlation. Arch. Intern. Med. 138:964-965.

1967. Rose, H. D. 1978. Venous catheter-associated candidemia. American Journal of the Medidical Sciences. 275:265-269.

1968. Rose, H. D., and V. P. Kurup. 1977. Colonization of hospitalized patients with yeast-like organisms. Sabouraudia. 15:251-6.

1969. Rosen-Wolff, A., A. Koch, W. Friedrich, G. Hahn, M. Gahr, and J. Roesler. 2004. Successful elimination of an invasive Aspergillus nidulans lung infection by voriconazole after failure of a combination of caspofungin and liposomal amphotericin B in a boy with chronic granulomatous disease. Pediat Inf Dis J. 23:584-586.

1970. Rossetti, F., D. L. Brawner, R. Bowden, W. G. Meyer, H. G. Schoch, L. Fisher, D. Myerson, R. C. Hackman, H. M. Schulman, G. E. Sale, J. D. Meyers, and G. B. McDonald. 1995. Fungal liver infection in marrow transplant recipients: Prevalence at autopsy, predisposing factors, and clinical features. Clin. Infect. Dis. 20:208-211.

1971. Rothberg, M. S., L. Eisenbud, and S. Griboff. 1989. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis-thymoma syndrome. A case report. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 68:411-3.

1972. Rotoli, M., G. Sascaro, and S. Cavalieri. 2001. Aspergillus versicolor infection of the external auditory canal successfully treated with terbinafine. Dermatology. 202:143.

1973. Rotowa, N. A., H. J. Shadomy, and S. Shadomy. 1990. In vitro activities of polyene and imidazole antifungal agents against unusual opportunistic fungal pathogens. Mycoses. 33:203-11.

1974. Rotstein, C., E. J. Bow, M. Laverdiere, S. Ioannou, D. Carr, and N. Moghaddam. 1999. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of fluconazole prophylaxis for neutropenic cancer patients: Benefit based on purpose and intensity of cytotoxic therapy. Clin. Infect. Dis. 28:331-340.

1975. Rouby, Y., E. Combourieu, J. D. Perrier-Gros-Claude, C. Saccharin, and M. Huerre. 1998. A case of Aspergillus myocarditis associated with septic shock. J Infection. 37:295-297.

1976. Roupie, E., J.-Y. Darmon, L. Brochard, M. Saada, N. Rekik, and C. Brun-Buisson. 1991. Fluconazole therapy of candidal native valve endocarditis. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 10:458-459.

1977. Rowen, J. L., J. T. Atkins, M. L. Levy, S. C. Baer, and C. J. Baker. 1995. Invasive fungal dermatitis in the
1978. Rowen, J. L., M. A. Rench, C. A. Kozinetz, J. M. Adams, and C. J. Baker. 1994. Endotracheal colonization with Candida enhances risk of systemic candidiasis in very low birth weight neonates. J. Pediatr. 124:789-794.

1979. Ruben, S. 1991. Pseudallescheria boydii keratitis. Acta Ophthalmol. 69:684-6.

1980. Rubenstein, E., and J. C. Wade. 1999. NCCN practice guidelines for fever and neutropenia. Oncology-Ny. 13:197-257.

1981. Rubinstein, E., and R. Lang. 1995. Fungal endocarditis. European Heart Journal. 16:84-9.

1982. Rubinstein, E., E. R. Noriega, M. S. Simberkoff, R. Holzman, and J. J. Rahal, Jr. 1975. Fungal endocarditis: analysis of 24 cases and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 54:331-4.

1983. Rubinstein, E., E. R. Noriega, M. S. Simberkoff, and J. J. Rahal, Jr. 1974. Tissue penetration of amphotericin B in Candida endocarditis. Chest. 66:376-7.

1984. Rubio-Calvo, C., J. Gil-Tomas, A. Rezusta-Lopez, and R. Benito-Ruesca. 2001. The aetiological agents of tinea capitis in Zaragoza (Spain). Mycoses. 44:55-58.

1985. Rudolph, N., A. A. Tariq, M. R. Reale, P. K. Goldberg, and P. J. Kozinn. 1977. Congenital cutaneous candidiasis. Arch Dermatol. 113:1101-3.

1986. Ruhnke, M., R. A. Yeates, G. Pfaff, E. Sarnow, A. Hartmann, and M. Trautmann. 1995. Single-dose pharmacokinetics of fluconazole in patients with liver cirrhosis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 35:641-7.

1987. Ruiz, A., M. J. Post, and C. C. Bundschu. 1997. Dentate nuclei involvement in AIDS patients with CNS cryptococcosis: imaging findings with pathologic correlation. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 21:175-82.

1988. Rutledge, R., S. R. Mandel, and R. E. Wild. 1986. Candida species. Insignificant contaminant or pathogenic species. Amer. Surg. 52:299-302.

1989. Rybojad, M., P. Abimelec, M. Feuilhade, P. Morel, and E. Bourrat. 1999. Familial chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis associated with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy. Treatment with fluconazole: 3 cases. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 126:54-6.

1990. Ryder, N. S. 1999. Activity of terbinafine against serious fungal pathogens. Mycoses. 42:115-119.

1991. Ryder, N. S., S. Wagner, and I. Leitner. 1998. In vitro activities of terbinafine against cutaneous isolates of Candida albicans and other pathogenic yeasts. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42:1057-1061.

1992. Saag, M. S., G. A. Cloud, J. R. Graybill, J. D. Sobel, C. U. Tuazon, P. C. Johnson, W. J. Fessel, B. L. Moskovitz, B. Wiesinger, D. Cosmatos, L. Riser, C. Thomas, R. Hafner, and W. E. Dismukes. 1999. A comparison of itraconazole versus fluconazole as maintenance therapy for AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. Clin Infect Dis. 28:291-296.

1993. Saag, M. S., R. J. Graybill, R. A. Larsen, P. G. Pappas, J. R. Perfect, W. G. Powderly, J. D. Sobel, W. E. Dismukes, and the Mycoses Study Group Cryptococcal Subproject. 2000. Practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease. Clin. Infect. Dis. 30:710-718.

1994. Saag, M. S., W. G. Powderly, G. A. Cloud, P. Robinson, M. H. Grieco, P. K. Sharkey, S. E. Thompson, A. M. Sugar, C. U. Tuazon, J. F. Fisher, H. N, J. M. Jacobson, R. Hafner, and W. E. Dismukes. 1992. Comparison of amphotericin B with fluconazole in the treatment of acute AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. N. Engl. J. Med. 326:83-89.

1995. Sable, C. A., A. Villanueva, E. Arathon, E. Gotuzzo, G. Turcato, D. Uip, L. Nriega, C. Rivera, E. Rojas, V. Taylor, R. Berman, G. B. Calandra, and J. Chodakewitz. 1997. A randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial of MK-991 (L-743,872) vs. amphotericin B in the treatment of Candida esophagitis in adults. 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Abstract No. LB-33.

1996. Sabota, J., R. Brodell, G. W. Rutecki, and W. L. Hoppes. 1996. Severe tinea barbae due to Trichophyton verrucosum infection in dairy farmers. Clin Infect Dis. 23:1308-10.

1997. Saenz, R. E., W. D. Brown, and C. V. Sanders. 2001. Allergic bronchopulmonary disease caused by Bipolaris hawaiiensis presenting as a necrotizing pneumonia: case report and review of literature. Am J Med Sci. 321:209-12.

1998. Safdar, A. 2002. Progressive cutaneous hyalohyphomycosis due to Paecilomyces lilacinus: Rapid response to treatment with caspofungin and Itraconazole. Clin Infect Dis. 34:1415-1417.

1999. Saggese, G., S. Bertelloni, G. I. Baroncelli, and G. Di Nero. 1993. Ketoconazole decreases the serum ionized calcium and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in tuberculosis-associated hypercalcemia. Am J Dis Child. 147:270-273.

2000. Saiman, L., E. Ludington, M. Pfaller, S. Rangel-Frausto, R. T. Wiblin, J. Dawson, H. M. Blumberg, J. E. Patterson, M. Rinaldi, J. E. Edwards, R. P. Wenzel, and W. Jarvis. 2000. Risk factors for candidemia in neonatal intensive care unit patients. Pediat Inf Dis J. 19:319-324.

2001. Salama, S. M., H. Atwal, A. Gandhi, J. Simon, M. Poglod, H. Montaseri, J. K. Khan, T. Furukawa, H. Saito, K. Nishida, F. Higashitani, T. Uji, N. Unemi, M. Daneshtalab, and R. G. Micetich. 2001. In vitro and in vivo activities of Syn2836, Syn2869, Syn2903, and Syn2921: New series of triazole antifungal agents. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45:2420-2426.

2002. Saliba, N. A. 1967. Pulmonary blastomycosis complicating miliary tuberculosis. J Ky Med Assoc. 65:672-4 passim.

2003. Salitan, M. L., W. Lawson, P. M. Som, E. J. Bottone, and H. F. Biller. 1990. Pseudallescheria sinusitis with intracranial extension in a nonimmunocompromised host. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 102:745-50.

2004. Sallaber, S., G. Lori, and I. Galeppi. 1999. Keratomycosis by Fusarium dimerum. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 17:146-7.

2005. Sallah, S., R. C. Semelka, W. Sallah, J. R. Vainright, and D. L. Philips. 1999. Amphotericin B lipid complex for the treatment of patients with acute leukemia and hepatosplenic candidiasis. Leuk Res. 23:995-9.

2006. Sallah, S., R. C. Semelka, R. Wehbie, W. Sallah, N. P. Nguyen, and P. Vos. 1999. Hepatosplenic candidiasis in patients with acute leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 106:697-701.

2007. Salmon, J. F., B. M. Partridge, and D. J. Spalton. 1983. Candida endophthalmitis in a heroin addict: a case report. Br. J. Opthalmol. 67:306-309.

2008. Salomon, N. W., R. Osborne, and J. G. Copeland. 1980. Surgical manifestations and results of treatment of pulmonary coccidioidomycosis. Ann Thorac Surg. 30:433-8.

2009. Salonen, J., O. P. Lehtonen, M. R. Terasjarvi, and J. Nikoskelainen. 2000. Aspergillus antigen in serum, urine and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens of neutropenic patients in relation to clinical outcome. Scand J Infec Dis. 32:485-490.

2010. Salonen, J. H., M. D. Richardson, K. Gallacher, J. Issakainen, H. Helenius, O. P. Lehtonen, and J. Nikoskelainen. 2000. Fungal colonization of haematological patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy: emergence of azole-resistant Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Hosp Infect. 45:293-301.

2011. Salyer, W. R., and D. C. Salyer. 1974. Pleural involvement in cryptococcosis. Chest. 66:139-140.

2012. Samaranayake, L. P., and H. B. Yaacob. 1990. Classifications of oral candidosis, p. chap 7. In L. P. Samaranayake and T. W. MacFarlane (ed.), Oral Candidosis, vol. 1st ed. Wright, London.

2013. Samelson, L. E., S. A. Lerner, L. Resnekov, and C. Anagnostopoulos. 1980. Relapse of Candida parapsilosis endocarditis after long-term suppression with flucytosin: retreatment with valve replacement and ketoconazole. Ann. Intern. Med. 93:838-9.

2014. Samonis, G., M. Anatoliotaki, H. Apostolakou, S. Maraki, D. Mavroudis, and V. Goergoulias. 2001. Transient fungemia due to Rhodotorula rubra in a cancer patient: Case report and review of the literature. Infection. 29:173-176.

2015. Sampathkumar, P., and C. V. Paya. 2001. Fusarium infection after solid-organ transplantation. Clin Infect Dis. 32:1237-1240.

2016. Sanati, H., P. Belanger, R. Fratti, and M. Ghannoum. 1997. A new triazole, voriconazole (UK-109,496), blocks sterol biosynthesis in Candida albicans and Candida krusei. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41:2492-2496.

2017. Sanchez-Portocarrero, J., P. Martin-Rabadan, C. J. Saldana, and E. Perez-Cecilia. 1994. Candida cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection. Report of two new cases and review of the literature. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 20:33-40.

2018. Sanchez-Sousa, A., A. Leon, J. Perez-de-Oteiza, M. Elia, F. Baquero, and J. Pena-Yanez. 1992. Pseudallescheria boydii genitourinary infection during bladder catheterization in a leukaemic patient. J Med Vet Mycol. 30:79-81.

2019. Sanchez, V., J. A. Vazquez, D. Barth-Jones, L. Dembry, J. D. Sobel, and M. J. Zervos. 1993. Nosocomial acquisition of Candida parapsilosis: an epidemiologic study. Am J Med. 94:577-82.

2020. Sanders, S. W., K. N. Buchi, M. S. Goddard, J. K. Lang, and K. G. Tolman. 1991. Single-dose pharmacokinetics and tolerance of a cholesteryl sulfate complex of amphotericin B administered to healthy volunteers. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 35:1029-1034.

2021. Sandford, G. R., W. G. Merz, J. R. Wingard, P. Charache, and R. Saral. 1980. The value of fungal surveillance cultures as predictors of systemic fungal infections. J. Infect. Dis. 142:503-509.

2022. Sandhu, G. S., B. C. Kline, L. Stockman, and G. D. Roberts. 1995. Molecular probes for diagnosis of fungal infections. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:2913-2919.

2023. Sane, A., S. Manzi, J. Perfect, A. J. Herzberg, and J. O. Moore. 1989. Deferoxamine treatment as a risk factor for zygomycete infection. 159:151-152.

2024. Sanford, J. P. 1993. The enigma of candiduria: Evolution of bladder irrigation with Amphotericin B for management – from anecdote to dogma and a lesson from Machiavelli. J. Infect. Dis. 16:145-147.

2025. Sangeorzan, J. A., S. F. Bradley, X. He, L. T. Zarins, G. L. Ridenour, R. N. Tiballi, and C. A. Kauffman. 1994. Epidemiology of oral candidiasis in HIV-infected patients: Colonization, infection, treatment, and emergence of fluconazole resistance. Am. J. Med. 97:339-346.

2026. Sanitato, J. J., C. G. Kelley, and H. E. Kaufman. 1984. Surgical management of peripheral fungal keratitis (keratomycosis). Arch Ophthalmol. 102:1506-9.

2027. Santhosh-Kumar, C. R., S. S. al-Hedaithy, N. S. el-Saghir, and D. S. Ajarim. 1989. Cavitating pneumonia due to Trichosporon beigelii in a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia. J. Infect. 19:65-8.

2028. Sanz-Rodriguez, C., F. Hernandez-Surmann, A. G. Bueno, C. Goizueta, and A. Noguerado. 1998. Candida and bacterial mandibular osteomyelitis in an AIDS patient. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 17:531-532.

2029. Sarmiento, R., J. Holubka, and R. Khatib. 1994. Case report: Candida meningitis with an intradural filling defect 1 year after candidemia. Am. J. Med. Sci. 307:115-118.

2030. Sarosi, G. A., and S. F. Davies. 1979. Blastomycosis. Am Rev Respir Dis. 120:911-38.

2031. Sarosi, G. A., and S. F. Davies. 1996. Endemic mycosis complicating human immunodeficiency virus infection. West. J. Med. 164:335-340.

2032. Sarosi, G. A., J. D. Parker, I. L. Doto, and F. E. Tosh. 1969. Amphotericin B in cryptococcal meningitis. Long-term results of treatment. Ann. Intern. Med. 71:1079-87.

2033. Sastre, J. L., J. Perez-Oteyza, J. Lopez, C. Cervero, A. Sanchez-Sousa, J. Garcia-Larana, J. A. Cancelas, J. Odriozola, and J. L. Navarro. 1994. [Pulmonary mucormycosis in leukemic patients. Apropos of 2 cases]. Sangre. 39:53-5.

2034. Sato, N., and Y. Ueno. 1977. Comparative toxicities of trichothecenes, p. 296-307. In J. V. Rodricks, D. W. Hesseltine, and M. A. Mehlman (ed.), Mycotoxins in Human and Animal Health. Pathotox Publishers, Park Forest South, Illinois.

2035. Savani, D. V., J. R. Perfect, L. M. Cobo, and D. T. Durack. 1987. Penetration of new azole compounds into the eye and efficacy in experimental Candida endophthalmitis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 31:6-10.

2036. Savin, R., R. L. De villez, B. Elewski, S. Hong, T. Jones, N. Lowe, A. Lucky, B. Reyes, D. Stewart, and I. Willis. 1997. One-week therapy with twice daily butenafine 1% cream versus vehicle in the treatment of tinea pedis: a multicenter, double-blind trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 36 (2 pt 1):S15-S19.

2037. Sax, P. E. 2001. Opportunistic infections in HIV disease: Down but not out. Infect Dis Clin N Amer. 15:433-455,VIII,IX.

2038. Sayegh-Carreno, R., W. Abramovits-Ackerman, and G. P. Giron. 1989. Therapy of tinea nigra plantaris. Int. J. Dermatol. 28:46-8.

2039. Schaafsma, A. W., R. W. Nicol, M. E. Savard, R. C. Sinha, L. M. Reid, and G. Rottinghaus. 1998. Analysis of Fusarium toxins in maize and wheat using thin layer chromatography. Mycopathologia. 142:107-13.

2040. Scheld, W. M., and M. A. Sande. 1995. Endocarditis and intravascular infections, p. 740-783. In G. L. Mandell, J. E. Bennet, and R. Dolin (ed.), Principles and practice of infetious diseases, vol. 1. Churchill Livingstone, New York.

2041. Schell, W. A. 2000. Histopathology of fungal rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngol Clin N Amer. 33:251-276,VII,VIII,NIL_5.

2042. Schell, W. A. 2000. Unusual fungal pathogens in fungal rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngol Clin N Amer. 33:367-373,X.

2043. Scher, R. K. 1996. Onychomycosis: a significant medical disorder. J Am Acad Dermatol. 35:S2-5.

2044. Scher, R. K., D. Breneman, P. Rich, R. C. Savin, D. S. Feingold, N. Konnikov, J. L. Shupack, S. Pinnell, N. Levine, N. J. Lowe, R. Aly, R. B. Odom, D. L. Greer, M. R. Morman, A. D. Bucko, E. H. Tschen, B. E. Elewski, and E. B. Smith. 1998. Once-weekly fluconazole (150, 300, or 450 mg) in the treatment of distal subungual onychomycosis of the toenail. J Amer Acad Dermatol. 38:S77-S86.

2045. Scherr, G. R., S. G. Evans, M. T. Kiyabu, and E. C. Klatt. 1992. Pseudallescheria boydii infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 116:535-6.

2046. Schienfeld, J. S. 1987. PMS and candidiasis: study explores possible link. Female. 12:66-73.

2047. Schimpff, S. C., and J. E. Bennett. 1975. Abnormalities in cell-mediated immunity in patients with Cryptococcus neoformans infection. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 55:430-41.

2048. Schipper, M. A. A. 1984. A revision of the genus Rhizopus. I. The Rhizopus stolonifer-group and Rhizopus oryzae. Studies in Mycology, Baarn. No. 25:1-19.

2049. Schipper, M. A. A., and J. A. Stalpers. 1984. A revision of the genus Rhizopus. II. The Rhizopus microsporus group. Studies in Mycology, Baarn. No. 25:20-34.

2050. Schleman, K. A., G. Tullis, and R. Blum. 2000. Intracardiac mass complicating Malassezia furfur fungemia. Chest. 118:1828-1829.

2051. Schmidt, A., and D. I. Schmidt. 2000. Establishment and evaluation of microdilution assays for the in vitro sensitivity resting of Aspergillus fumigatus. Arzneim-Forsch-Drug Res. 50:495-501.

2052. Schmitt, G. H., and A. S. Hsu. 1985. Renal fungus balls: diagnosis by ultrasound and percutaneous antegrade pyelography and brush biopsy in a premature infant. J Ultrasound Med. 4:155-6.

2053. Schnadig, V. J., E. G. Long, J. M. Washington, M. C. McNeely, and B. A. Troum. 1986. Phialophora-verrucosa induced subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis. Acta Cytol. 30:425-429.

2054. Schneiderman, J., A. Bass, and B. Morag. 1987. Cryptogenic Candida albicans cholecystitis. Br J Surg. 74:649.

2055. Scholer, H. J. 1977. Flucytosine, p. 35-106. In D. C. E. Speller (ed.), Antifungal Chemotherapy. Wiley & Sons, Chichester.

2056. Schonebeck, J., L. Steen, and A. Tarnvik. 1972. 5-fluorocytosine treatment of candida infections of the urinary tract and other sites. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 6:37-45.

2057. Schopf, R., O. Hettler, M. Brautigam, G. Weidinger, U. Kaben, P. Mayser, and V. Resl. 1999. Efficacy and tolerability of terbinafine 1% topical solution used for 1 week compared with 4 weeks clotrimazole 1% topical solution in the treatment of interdigital tinea pedis: a randomized, double-blind, multi-centre, 8-week clinical trial. Mycoses. 42:415-420.

2058. Schrank, J. H., Jr., and D. P. Dooley. 1995. Purulent pericarditis caused by Candida species: case report and review. Clin. Infect. Dis. 21:182-187.

2059. Schreiber, M., l. bLACK, Z. Noah, S. T. Shulman, R. Yogev, and F. R. Venezio. 1982. Gallbladder candidiasis in a leukemic child. Am J Dis Child. 136:462-463.

2060. Schuman, P., L. Capps, G. Peng, J. Vazquez, W. el-Sadr, A. I. Goldman, B. Alston, C. L. Besch, A. Vaughn, M. A. Thompson, M. N. Cobb, T. Kerkering, and J. D. Sobel. 1997. Weekly fluconazole for the prevention of mucosal candidiasis in women with HIV infection. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS [see comments]. Ann. Intern. Med. 126:689-96.

2061. Schwartz, D. A. 1989. Organ-specific variation in the morphology of the fungomas (fungus balls) of Pseudallescheria boydii. Development within necrotic host tissue `see comments. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 113:476-80.

2062. Schwartz, D. A., P. S. Amenta, and S. D. Finkelstein. 1989. Cerebral Pseudallescheria boydii infection: unique occurrence of fungus ball formation in the brain. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 91:79-84.

2063. Schwartz, R. S., F. R. Mackintosh, S. L. Schrier, and P. L. Greenberg. 1984. Multivariate analysis of factors associated with invasive fungal disease during remission induction therapy for acute myelogenous leukemia. Cancer. 53:411-9.

2064. Schwarz, J. 1982. The diagnosis of deep mycoses by morphologic methods. Human Pathol. 13:519-533.

2065. Scroggs, M. W., J. A. Wolfe, R. R. Bollinger, and F. Sanfilippo. 1987. Causes of death in renal transplant recipients. A review of autopsy findings from 1966 through 1985. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 111:983-7.

2066. Seaton, R. A., N. Verma, S. Naraqi, J. P. Wembri, and D. A. Warrell. 1997. Visual loss in immunocompetent patients with Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii meningitis. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 91:44-49.

2067. Sebghati, T. S., J. T. Engle, and W. E. Goldman. 2000. Intracellular parasitism by Histoplasma capsulatum: Fungal virulence and calcium dependence. Science. 290:1368-1372.

2068. Seddon, M. E., and M. G. Thomas. 1997. Invasive disease due to Epidermophyton floccosum in an immunocompromised patient with Beh?et’s Syndrome. Clin Infect Dis. 25:153-154.

2069. Seeley, T. D., J. W. Nowicke, M. Meselson, J. Guillemein, and P. Akratanakul. 1985. Yellow Rain. Scientific American. 253:128-137.

2070. Seelig, M. S., C. P. Speth, P. J. Kozinn, C. L. Taschdjian, E. F. Toni, and P. Goldberg. 1974. Patterns of Candida endocarditis following cardiac surgery: Importance of early diagnosis and therapy (an analysis of 91 cases). Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 17:125-60.

2071. Seelig, M. S., C. P. Speth, P. J. Kozinn, E. F. Toni, and C. L. Taschdjian. 1973. Candida endocarditis after cardiac surgery. Clues to earlier detection. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 65:583-601.

2072. Segal, B. H., T. J. Walsh, J. M. Liu, J. D. Wilson, and K. J. Kwon-Chung. 1998. Invasive infection with Fusarium chlamydosporum in a patient with aplastic anemia. J Clin Microbiol. 36:1772-1776.

2073. Segal, E., A. Romano, E. Eylau, and R. Stein. 1974. Isolation of Candida tropicalis from an orbital infection as a complication of maxillar osteomyelitis. Infection. 2:111-112.

2074. Seidenfeld, S. M., B. H. Cooper, J. W. Smith, J. P. Luby, and P. A. Mackowiak. 1983. Amphotericin B tolerance: a characteristic of Candida parapsilosis not shared by other Candida species. J. Infect. Dis. 147:116-119.

2075. Sekhon, A. S., J. Galbraith, B. W. Mielke, A. K. Garg, and G. Sheehan. 1992. Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis caused by Xylohypha bantiana, with a review of the literature. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 8:387-90.

2076. Selik, R. M., J. M. Karon, and J. W. Ward. 1997. Effect of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic on mortality from opportunistic infections in the United States in 1993. J Infect Dis. 176:632-6.

2077. Senczek, D., U. Siesenop, and K. H. Bohm. 1999. Characterization of Malassezia species by means of phenotypic characteristics and detection of electrophoretic karyotypes by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Mycoses. 42:409-414.

2078. Sepkowitz, K. A. 2002. Opportunistic infections in patients with and patients without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Clin Infect Dis. 34:1098-1107.

2079. Serena, C., F. J. Pastor, M. Ortoneda, J. Capilla, N. Nolard, and J. Guarro. 2004. In vitro antifungal susceptibilities of uncommon basidiomycetous yeasts. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48:2724-6.

2080. Serjeantson, S., and G. Lawrence. 1977. Autosomal recessive inheritance of susceptibility to tinea imbricata. Lancet. 1:13-5.

2081. Severo, L. C., G. R. Geyer, and N. S. Porto. 1990. Pulmonary Aspergillus intracavitary colonization (PAIC). Mycopathologia. 112:93-104.

2082. Severo, L. C., A. Kaemmerer, J. J. Camargo, and N. S. Porto. 1989. Actinomycotic intracavitary lung colonization. Mycopathologia. 108:1-4.

2083. Seward, J. B., B. K. Khandheria, J. K. Oh, M. D. Abel, R. W. Hughes, Jr., W. D. Edwards, B. A. Nichols, W. K. Freeman, and A. J. Tajik. 1988. Transesophageal echocardiography: technique, anatomic correlations, implementation, and clinical applications. Mayo Clin Proc. 63:649-80.

2084. Shah, M. D., W. F. Berman, M. A. Turner, and T. M. Kerkering. 1993. Candida albicans cholecystitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 88:1792-3.

2085. Shannon, P. L., F. A. Ramos-Caro, B. F. Cosgrove, and F. P. Flowers. 1999. Treatment of tinea nigra with terbinafine. Cutis. 64:199-201.

2086. Sharkey-Mathis, P. K., C. A. Kauffman, J. R. Graybill, D. A. Stevens, J. S. Hostetler, G. Cloud, W. E. Dismukes, and Other Members of the NIAID Mycoses Study Group. 1993. Treatment of sporotrichosis with itraconazole. Am. J. Med. 95:279-285.

2087. Sharma, A. K., and P. Narang. 1997. Primary cutaneous inoculation blastomycosis with some unusual features [letter]. Australas J Dermatol. 38:101-2.

2088. Sharp, A. M., F. C. Odds, and E. G. Evans. 1992. Candida strains from neonates in a special care baby unit. Arch Dis Child. 67:48-52.

2089. Shaw, C. K. L., M. McCleave, and P. J. Wormald. 2000. Unusual presentations of isolated sphenoid fungal sinusitis. J Laryngol Otol. 114:385-388.

2090. Shear, H. L., G. Valladares, and M. A. Narachi. 1990. Enhanced treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in rats with interferon-gamma and reduced doses of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 3:943-8.

2091. Shechtman, L. B., L. Funaro, T. Robin, E. J. Bottone, and J. Cuttner. 1984. Clotrimazole treatment of oral candidiasis in patients with neoplastic disease. Am. J. Med. 76:91-4.

2092. Sheehan, D. J., C. A. Hitchcock, and C. M. Sibley. 1999. Current and emerging azole antifungal agents. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 12:40-79.

2093. Shimosaka, S., and S. Waga. 1983. Cerebral chromoblastomycosis complicated by meningitis and multiple fungal aneurysms after resection of a granuloma. Case report. J Neurosurg. 59:158-61.

2094. Shin, D. W., D. Y. Kang, Y. H. Lee, Y. E. Na, and K. J. Yun. 1992. [Study on the therapeutic effects of interferon and gamma-globulin in experimental Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. Kisaengchunghak Chapchi – Korean Journal of Parasitology. 30:219-26.

2095. Shin, J. H., H. Kook, D. H. Shin, T. J. Hwang, M. Kim, S. P. Suh, and D. W. Ryang. 2000. Nosocomial cluster of Candida lipolytica fungemia in pediatric patients. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 19:344-349.

2096. Shinde, S. M., K. S. Vanarse, and A. N. Pandit. 2004. Systemic humicolus cryptococcosis. Indian Pediatr. 41:1162-4.

2097. Shiraishi, S., S. Murakami, and Y. Miki. 1994. Oral fluconazole treatment of fungating candidiasis in the keratitis, ichthyosis and deafness (KID) syndrome. Br J Dermatol. 131:904-7.

2098. Shirkhoda, A. 1987. CT findings in hepatosplenic and renal candidiasis. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 11:795-8.

2099. Shirkhoda, A., G. Lopez-Berestein, J. M. Holbert, and M. A. Luna. 1986. Hepatosplenic fungal infection: CT and pathologic evaluation after treatment with liposomal amphotericin B. Radiology. 159:349-53.

2100. Shmuely, H., I. Kremer, A. Sagie, and S. Pitlik. 1997. Candida tropicalis multifocal endophthalmitis as the only initial manifestation of pacemaker endocarditis. Am J Ophthalmol. 123:559-60.

2101. Shoroye, A., and G. A. Oyedeji. 1982. African histoplasmosis presenting as a facial tumour in a child. Ann Trop Paediatr. 2:147-9.

2102. Shukla, P. K., Z. A. Khan, B. Lal, P. K. Agrawal, and O. P. Srivastava. 1983. Clinical and experimental keratitis caused by the Colletotrichum state of Glomerella cingulata and Acrophialophora fusispora. Sabouraudia. 21:137-47.

2103. Sietmann, R., E. Hammer, M. Specht, C. E. Cerniglia, and F. Schauer. 2001. Novel ring cleavage products in the biotransformation of biphenyl by the yeast Trichosporon mucoides. Appl Environ Microbiol. 67:4158-65.

2104. Sigler, L., J. L. Harris, D. M. Dixon, A. L. Flis, I. F. Salkin, M. Kemna, and R. A. Duncan. 1990. Microbiology and potential virulence of Sporothrix cyanescens, a fungus rarely isolated from blood and skin. J. Clin. Microbiol. 28:1009-1015.

2105. Sigler, L., and D. A. Sutton. 2002. Acrophialophora fusispora misidentified as Scedosporium prolificans. J Clin Microbiol. 40:3544-5; author reply 3545.

2106. Sigler, L., Y. Yamaoka, and Y. Hiratsuka. 1990. Taxonomy and chemistry of a new fungus from bark beetle infected Pinus contorta var. latifolia. Part 1. Arthrographis pinicola sp. nov. Can J. Microbiol. 36:77-82.

2107. Silva-Vergara, M. L., R. Martinez, Z. P. Camargo, M. H. Malta, C. M. Maffei, and J. B. Chadu. 2000. Isolation of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis from armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) in an area where the fungus was recently isolated from soil [In Process Citation]. Med Mycol. 38:193-9.

2108. Silveira, L. H., M. L. Cuellar, G. Citera, G. E. Cabrera, E. Scopelitis, and L. R. Espinoza. 1993. Candida arthritis. Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America. 19:427-37.

2109. Silver, M. D., P. G. Tuffnell, and W. G. Bigelow. 1971. Endocarditis caused by Paecilomyces varioti affecting an aortic valve allograft. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 61:278-81.

2110. Similowski, T., A. Datry, P. Jais, C. Katlama, M. Rosenheim, and M. Gentilini. 1989. AIDS-associated cryptococcosis causing adult respiratory distress syndrome. Respir Med. 83:513-5.

2111. Singh, G., and S. R. Malik. 1972. Therapeutic keratoplasty in fungal corneal ulcers. Br J Ophthalmol. 56:41-5.

2112. Singh, N., O. Belen, M. M. Leger, and J. M. Campos. 2003. Cluster of Trichosporon mucoides in children associated with a faulty bronchoscope. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 22:609-12.

2113. Singh, N., T. Gayowski, M. M. Wagener, H. Doyle, and I. R. Marino. 1997. Invasive fungal infections in liver transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus as the primary immunosuppressive agent. Clin. Infect. Dis. 24:179-184.

2114. Singh, P. N., K. Ranjana, Y. I. Singh, K. P. Singh, S. S. Sharma, M. Kulachandra, Y. Nabakumar, A. Chakrabarti, A. A. Padhye, L. Kaufman, and L. Ajello. 1999. Indigenous disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection in the state of Manipur, India: Report of four autochthonous cases. J Clin Microbiol. 37:2699-2702.

2115. Smedes, S. L., P. E. Miller, and R. R. Dubielzig. 1992. Pseudallescheria boydii keratomycosis in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 200:199-202.

2116. Smego, R. A., P. W. Devoe, H. A. Sampson, J. R. Perfect, C. M. Wilfert, and R. H. Buckley. 1984. Candida meningitis in two children with severe combined immunodeficiency. J. Pediatr. 104:902-904.

2117. Smego, R. A., Jr., J. R. Perfect, and D. T. Durack. 1984. Combined therapy with amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine for Candida meningitis. Rev. Infect. Dis. 6:791-801.

2118. Smith, A. G., C. I. Bustamante, and C. Wood. 1993. Disseminated cutaneous and vascular invasion by Fusarium moniliforme in a fatal case of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Mycopathologia. 122:15-20.

2119. Smith, D., D. Metzgar, C. Wills, and J. Fierer. 2002. Fatal Saccharomyces cerevisiae aortic graft infection. J Clin Microbiol. 40:2691-2692.

2120. Snip, R. C., and R. G. Michels. 1976. Pars plana vitrectomy in the management of endogenous Candida endophthalmitis. A S O. 82:699-704.

2121. Sobel, J. D. 1992. Pathogenesis and treatment of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 14 (Suppl. 1):S148-S153.

2122. Sobel, J. D. 1997. Vaginitis. N. Engl. J. Med. 337:1896-1903.

2123. Sobel, J. D., and W. Chaim. 1997. Treatment of Candida glabrata vaginitis: A retrospective review of boric acid therapy. Clin. Infect. Dis. 24:649-652.

2124. Sobel, J. D., S. Faro, R. W. Force, B. Foxman, W. J. Ledger, P. R. Nyirjesy, R. D. Reed, and P. R. Summers. 1998. Vulvovaginal candidiasis: Epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic considerations. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 178:203-211.

2125. Sobel, J. D., C. A. Kauffman, D. McKinsey, M. Zervos, J. A. Vazquez, A. W. Karchmer, J. Lee, C. Thomas, H. Panzer, and W. E. Dismukes. 2000. Candiduria: A randomized, double-blind study of treatment with fluconazole and placebo. Clin. Infect. Dis. 30:19-24.

2126. Sobel, J. D., and J. A. Vazquez. 1999. Fungal infections of the urinary tract. World J Urol. 17:410-414.

2127. Sobol, S. M., R. G. Love, S. H. R, and T. J. Pysher. 1984. Phaeohyphomycosis of the maxilloethmoid sinus cause by Drechslera spicifera: A new fungal pathogen. Laryngoscope. 94:620-626.

2128. Soler-Bechara, J., J. L. Soscia, R. J. Kennedy, and W. J. Grace. 1964. Candida endocarditis. Am J Cardiol. 13:820-824.

2129. Solomkin, J. S. 1993. Pathogenesis and management of Candida infection syndromes in non-neutropenic patients. New Horizons. 1:202-213.

2130. Solomkin, J. S., A. B. Flohr, P. G. Quie, and R. L. Simmons. 1980. The role of Candida in intraperitoneal infections. Surgery. 88:524-530.

2131. Solomkin, J. S., and R. L. Simmons. 1980. Candida infection in surgical patients. World J. Surgery. 4:381-394.

2132. Sorrell, T. C. 2001. Cryptococcus neoformans variety gattii. Med Mycol. 39:155-168.

2133. Sorrell, T. C., C. Dunlop, P. J. Collignon, and J. A. Harding. 1984. Exogenous ocular candidiasis associated with intravenous heroin abuse. Br J Ophthalmol. 68:841-5.

2134. Spebar, M. J., B. S. Jarstfer, and M. G. Zeigler. 1977. Operative management of chronic coccidioidomycosis. Am J Surg. 134:777-9.

2135. Specht, E. E. 1977. Candida pyarthrosis of the hip and renal homotransplant. Report of a case treated by femoral head and neck resection and 5-fluorocytosine. Clin. Orthop. Related Res.:176-7.

2136. Speeleveld, E., B. Gordts, H. W. Van Landuyt, C. De Vroey, and C. Raes-Wuytack. 1996. Susceptibility of clinical isolates of Fusarium to antifungal drugs. Mycoses. 39:37-40.

2137. Spielberger, R. T., M. J. Falleroni, A. J. Coene, and R. A. Larson. 1993. Concomitant amphotericin B therapy, granulocyte transfusions, and GM-CSF administration for disseminated infection with Fusarium in a granulocytopenic patient. Clin. Infect. Dis. 16:528-30.

2138. Spinillo, A., L. Carratta, G. Pizzoli, G. Lombardi, C. Cavanna, G. Michelone, and S. Guaschino. 1992. Recurrent vaginal candidiasis. Results of a cohort study of sexual transmission and intestinal reservoir. J Reprod Med. 37:343-7.

2139. Sposto, M. R., O. D. P. Almeida, and J. Jorge. 1993. Oral paracoccidioidomycosis. A study of 36 South American patients. Oral Med Oral Pathol. 75:464-465.

2140. Squeo, R. F., R. Beer, D. Silvers, I. Weitzman, and M. Grossman. 1998. Invasive Trichophyton rubrum resembling blastomycosis infection in the immunocompromised host. J Am Acad Dermatol. 39:379-80.

2141. Squier, C., V. L. Yu, and J. E. Stout. 2000. Waterborne Nosocomial Infections. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2:490-496.

2142. St-Germain, G., C. Dion, A. Espinel-Ingroff, J. Ratelle, and L. de Repentigny. 1995. Ketoconazole and itraconazole susceptibility of Candida albicans isolates from patients infected with HIV. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 36:109-118.

2143. St-Germain, G., A. Robert, M. Ishak, C. Tremblay, and S. Claveau. 1993. Infection due to Rhizomucor pusillus: report of four cases in patients with leukemia and review. Clin Infect Dis. 16:640-645.

2144. St-Germain, G., and R. Summerbell. 1996. Identifying Filamentous Fungi – A Clinical Laboratory Handbook, 1st ed. Star Publishing Company, Belmont, California.

2145. Stamm, A. M., R. B. Diasio, W. E. Dismukes, S. Shadomy, G. A. Cloud, C. A. Bowles, G. H. Karam, and A. Espinel-Ingroff. 1987. Toxicity of amphotericin B plus flucytosine in 194 patients with cryptococcal meningitis. Am. J. Med. 83:236-242.

2146. Stamm, M. A., and M. A. Frable. 1992. Invasive sinusitis due to Pseudallescheria boydii in an immunocompetent host. South Med J. 85:439-41.

2147. Stamos, J. K., and A. H. Rowley. 1994. Candidemia in a pediatric population. Clin. Infect. Dis. 20:571-575.

2148. Stanley, M. W., M. Deike, J. Knoedler, and C. Iber. 1992. Pulmonary mycetomas in immunocompetent patients: diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration. Diagn Cytopathol. 8:577-9.

2149. Stave, G. M., T. Heimberger, and T. M. Kerkering. 1989. Zygomycosis of the basal ganglia in intravenous drug users. Am. J. Med. 85:115-116.

2150. Steenbergen, J. N., and A. Casadevall. 2000. Prevalence of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans (serotype D) and Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii (serotype A) isolates in New York city. J Clin Microbiol. 38:1974-1976.

2151. Steer, P. L., M. I. Marks, P. D. Klite, and T. C. Eickhoff. 1972. 5-Fluorocytosine: An oral antifungal compound. Ann. Intern. Med. 76:15-22.

2152. Steinbach, W. J., D. K. Benjamin, Jr., D. P. Kontoyiannis, J. R. Perfect, I. Lutsar, K. A. Marr, M. S. Lionakis, H. A. Torres, H. Jafri, and T. J. Walsh. 2004. Infections due to Aspergillus terreus: A multicenter retrospective analysis of 83 cases. Clin Infect Dis. 39:192-198.

2153. Steinbach, W. J., and D. A. Stevens. 2003. Review of newer antifungal and immunomodulatory strategies for invasive aspergillosis. Clin Infect Dis. 37:S157-S187.

2154. Steiner, I., I. Polacheck, and E. Melamed. 1984. Dementia and myoclonus in a case of cryptococcal encephalitis. Arch Neurol. 41:216-7.

2155. Steinman, H. K., and R. B. Pappenfort. 1984. White piedra–a case report and review of the literature. Clin Exp Dermatol. 9:591-8.

2156. Stern, G. A., C. L. Fetkenhour, and R. B. O’Grady. 1977. Intravitreal amphotericin B treatment of Candida endophthamitis. Arch. Ophthalmol. 95:89-93.

2157. Stern, J. C., M. K. Shah, and F. E. Lucente. 1988. In vitro effectiveness of 13 agents in otomycosis and review of the literature. Laryngoscope. 98:1173-7.

2158. Stevens, D. A. 1995. Coccidioidomycosis. N Engl J Med. 332:1077-82.

2159. Stevens, D. A. 1999. Drug interactions in vitro between a polyene (Ambisome) and an echinocandin (FK463) vs. Aspergillus species. 39th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Abstract No. 151.

2160. Stevens, D. A. 1996. Oral amphotericin B as an antifungal agent. J. Mycol. Med. 6 (Suppl. II):1-2.

2161. Stevens, D. A. 1996. Oral amphotericin B in the treatment of oral candidiasis. J. Mycol. Med. 6 (Suppl. II):48-49.

2162. Stevens, D. A., S. I. Greene, and O. S. Lang. 1991. Thrush can be prevented in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome–related complex. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 100-mg oral fluconazole daily. Arch. Intern. Med. 151:2458-2464.

2163. Stevens, D. A., V. L. Kan, M. A. Judson, V. A. Morrison, S. Dummer, D. W. Denning, J. E. Bennett, T. J. Walsh, T. F. Patterson, and G. A. Pankey. 2000. Practice guidelines for diseases caused by Aspergillus. Clin. Infect. Dis. 30:696-709.

2164. Stevens, D. A., H. J. Schwartz, J. Y. Lee, B. L. Moskovitz, D. C. Jerome, A. Catanzaro, D. M. Bamberger, A. J. Weinmann, C. U. Tuazon, M. A. Judson, T. A. E. Platts-Mills, A. C. DeGraff, Jr., J. Grossman, R. G. Slavin, and P. Reuman. 2000. A randomized trial of itraconazole in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. N Engl J Med. 342:756-762.

2165. Stewart, N. J., B. L. Munday, and T. Hawkesford. 1999. Isolation of Mucor circinelloides from a case of ulcerative mycosis of platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus), and a comparison of the response of Mucor circinelloides and Mucor amphibiorum to different culture temperatures. Med Mycol. 37:201-206.

2166. Stierstorfer, M. B., B. K. Schwartz, J. B. McGuire, and A. C. Miller. 1988. Pseudallescheria boydii mycetoma in northern New England. Int. J. Dermatol. 27:383-7.

2167. Stiller, M. J., L. Teperman, S. A. Rosenthal, A. Riordan, J. Potter, J. L. Shupack, and M. A. Gordon. 1994. Primary cutaneous infection by Aspergillus ustus in a 62-year-old liver transplant recipient. J Am Acad Dermatol. 31:344-7.

2168. Stockstill, M. T., and C. A. Kauffman. 1983. Comparison of cryptococcal and tuberculous meningitis. Arch Neurol. 40:81-85.

2169. Stolk-Engelaar, M. V., and N. J. Cox. 1993. Successful treatment of pulmonary pseudallescheriasis with itraconazole [letter]. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 12:142.

2170. Stoll, B. J., T. Gordon, S. B. Korones, S. Shankaran, J. E. Tyson, C. R. Bauer, A. A. Fanaroff, J. A. Lemons, E. F. Donovan, W. Oh, D. K. Stevenson, R. A. Ehrenkranz, L. A. Papile, J. Verter, and L. L. Wright. 1996. Late-onset sepsis in very low birth weight neonates: a report from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. J Pediatr. 129:63-71.

2171. Stone, E. A., H. B. Fung, and H. L. Kirschenbaum. 2002. Caspofungin: An echinocandin antifungal agent. Clin Ther. 24:351-377.

2172. Stone, O. J., E. B. Ritchie, and C. J. Willis. 1966. Thiabendazole in dimethylsulfoxide for tinea nigra palmaris. Arch Dermatol. 93:241-2.

2173. Stone, R. D., A. R. Irvine, and G. R. O’Connor. 1975. Candida endophthalmitis: report of an unusual case with isolation of the etiologic agent by vitreous biopsy. Ann. Ophthalmol. 7:757-762.

2174. Storfer, S. P., G. Medoff, V. J. Fraser, W. G. Powderly, and W. C. Dunagan. 1994. Candidura: Retrospective review in hospitalized patients. Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract. 3:23-29.

2175. Storfer, S. P., G. Medoff, V. J. Fraser, W. G. Powdery, and W. C. Dunagan. 1994. Candiduria: Retrospective review in hospitalized patients. Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract. 3:23-29.

2176. Storm, G., and M. C. Woodle. 1998. Long circulating liposome therapeutics: From concept to clinical reality, p. 3-16. In M. C. Woodle and G. Storm (ed.), Long circulating liposomes: Old drugs, new therapeutics. Springer-Verlag, New York.

2177. Straka, B. F., P. H. Cooper, and B. A. Body. 1989. Cutaneous Bipolaris spicifera infection. Arch. Dermatol. 125:1383-6.

2178. Stratton, C. W., K. A. Lichtenstein, S. R. Lowenstein, D. B. Phelps, and L. B. Reller. 1981. Granulomatous tenosynovitis and carpal tunnel syndrome caused by Sporothrix schenckii. Am. J. Med. 71:161-164.

2179. Streifel, A. 1998. Hospital air quality monitoring for infection control. Infection Control Today. September:40-44.

2180. Streifel, A. J. 1998. A holistic approach to indoor air quality in health care. HPAC: Heating/Piping/Air Conditiong. October:69-76.

2181. Stringer, J. R., C. B. Beard, R. F. Miller, and A. E. Wakefield. 2002. A new name (Pneumocystis jiroveci) for Pneumocystis from humans. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 8:891-896.

2182. Stringer, S. P., and M. W. Ryan. 2000. Chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngol Clin N Amer. 33:375-387,X.

2183. Sudakin, D. L. February 29, 2000. Stachybotrys chartarum: Current knowledge of its role in disease. Medscape General Medicine.

2184. Sudduth, E. J., A. J. d. Crumbley, and W. E. Farrar. 1992. Phaeohyphomycosis due to Exophiala species: clinical spectrum of disease in humans [see comments]. Clin Infect Dis. 15:639-44.

2185. Sugar, A. M., and X. P. Liu. 2000. Combination antifungal therapy in treatment of murine pulmonary mucormycosis: Roles of quinolones and azoles. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:2004-2006.

2186. Sugar, A. M., C. Saunders, and R. D. Diamond. 1990. Successful treatment of Candida osteomyelitis with fluconazole. A noncomparative study of two patients. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 13:517-520.

2187. Sugita, T., A. Nishikawa, R. Ikeda, and T. Shinoda. 1999. Identification of medically relevant Trichosporon species based on sequences of internal transcribed spacer regions and construction of a database for Trichosporon identification. J Clin Microbiol. 37:1985-1993.

2188. Sugita, T., A. Nishikawa, R. Ikeda, T. Shinoda, H. Sakashita, Y. Sakai, and Y. Yoshizawa. 1998. First report of Trichosporon ovoides isolated from the home of a summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis patient. Microbiol Immunol. 42:475-8.

2189. Sugita, T., A. Nishikawa, and T. Shinoda. 1998. Identification of Trichosporon asahii by PCR based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions. J Clin Microbiol. 36:2742-2744.

2190. Sugita, T., A. Nishikawa, and T. Shinoda. 1998. Rapid detection of species of the opportunistic yeast Trichosporon by PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 36:1458-1460.

2191. Sullivan, D. J., T. J. Westerneng, K. A. Haynes, D. E. Bennett, and D. C. Coleman. 1995. Candida dubliniensis sp. nov.: phenotypic and molecular characterization of a novel species associated with oral candidosis in HIV-infected individuals. Microbiology. 141:1507-1521.

2192. Summerbell, R. C. 1993. The benomyl test as a fundamental diagnostic method for medical mycology. J Clin Microbiol. 31:572-7.

2193. Summerbell, R. C. 1997. Epidemiology and ecology of onychomycosis. Dermatology. 194:32-6.

2194. Summerbell, R. C., S. Krajden, and J. Kane. 1989. Potted plants in hospitals as reservoirs of pathogenic fungi. Mycopathologia. 106:13-22.

2195. Summerbell, R. C., S. E. Richardson, and J. Kane. 1988. Fusarium proliferatum as an agent of disseminated infection in an immunosuppressed patient. J Clin Microbiol. 26:82-7.

2196. Summerbell, R. C., and H. J. Schroers. 2002. Analysis of phylogenetic relationship of Cylindrocarpon lichenicola and Acremonium falciforme to the Fusarium solani species complex and a review of similarities in the spectrum of opportunistic infections caused by these fungi. J Clin Microbiol. 40:2866-2875.

2197. Summers, K. K., T. C. Hardin, S. J. Gore, and J. R. Graybill. 1997. Therapeutic drug monitoring of systemic antifungal therapy. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 40:753-764.

2198. Sunderland, W. A., R. A. Campbell, and M. J. Edwards. 1972. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and pulmonary cryptococcosis in an adolescent boy. J. Pediatr. 80:450-456.

2199. Sunenshine, P. J., R. A. Schwartz, and C. K. Janniger. 1998. Tinea versicolor. Int. J. Dermatol. 37:648-55.

2200. Supparatpinyuo, K., S. Chiewchanvit, P. Hirunsri, C. Uthammachai, K. E. Nelson, and T. Sirisanthana. 1992. Penicillium marneffei infection in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin. Infect. Dis. 14:871-874.

2201. Surmont, I., B. Vergauwen, L. Marcelis, L. Verbist, G. Verhoef, and M. Boogaerts. 1990. First report of chronic meningitis caused by Trichosporon beigelii. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 9:226-9.

2202. Sutton, D. A., A. W. Fothergill, and M. G. Rinaldi (ed.). 1998. Guide to Clinically Significant Fungi, 1st ed. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.

2203. Sutton, D. A., S. E. Sanche, S. G. Revankar, A. W. Fothergill, and M. G. Rinaldi. 1999. In vitro amphotericin B resistance in clinical isolates of Aspergillus terreus, with a head-to-head comparison to voriconazole. J Clin Microbiol. 37:2343-2345.

2204. Sutton, D. A., W. D. Timm, G. Morgan-Jones, and M. G. Rinaldi. 1999. Human phaeohyphomycotic osteomyelitis caused by the coelomycete Phomopsis saccardo 1905: Criteria for identification, case history, and therapy. J Clin Microbiol. 37:807-811.

2205. Svejgaard, E. L., F. Brandrup, K. Kragballe, P. O. Larsen, N. K. Veien, M. Holst, B. L. Andersen, A. V. Bro-Jorgensen, J. C. Dahl, G. Frentz, C. Graudal, P. Kamp, N. Kroman, F. S. Larsen, F. Mikkelsen, J. M. Munkvad, J. H. Olafsson, H. Rothenborg, B. Staberg, J. Sondergaard, and H. Thulin. 1997. Oral terbinafine in toenail dermatophytosis. A double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study with 12 months’ follow-up. Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 77:66-69.

2206. Svejgaard, E. L., and J. Nilsson. 2004. Onychomycosis in Denmark: prevalence of fungal nail infection in general practice. Mycoses. 47:131-5.

2207. Svirsky-Fein, S., L. Langer, B. Milbauer, O. Khermosh, and E. Rubinstein. 1979. Neonatal osteomyelitis caused by Candida tropicalis. Report of two cases and review of the literature. Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery – American Volume. 61:455-9.

2208. Swanink, C. M. A., J. F. G. M. Meis, A. J. M. M. Rijs, J. P. Donnelly, and P. E. Verweij. 1997. Specificity of a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting Aspergillus galactomannan. J. Clin. Microbiol. 35:257-260.

2209. Syed, T. A., O. A. Ahmadpour, S. A. Ahmad, and S. Shamsi. 1998. Management of toenail onychomycosis with 2% butenafine and 20% urea cream: a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. J Dermatol. 25:648-652.

2210. Syed, T. A., and H. I. Maibach. 2000. Butenafine hydrochloride: for the treatment of interdigital tinea pedis. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 1:467-473.

2211. Syed, T. A., Z. A. Qureshi, S. M. Ali, S. Ahmad, and S. A. Ahmad. 1999. Treatment of toenail onychomycosis with 2% butenafine and 5% Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil in cream. Trop Med Int Health. 4:630.

2212. Szekely, A., E. M. Johnson, and D. W. Warnock. 1999. Comparison of E-test and broth microdilution methods for antifungal drug susceptibility testing of molds. J Clin Microbiol. 37:1480-1483.

2213. Taborda, P. R., V. A. Taborda, and M. R. McGinnis. 1999. Lacazia loboi gen. nov., comb, nov., the etiologic agent of lobomycosis. J Clin Microbiol. 37:2031-2033.

2214. Taguchi, K., T. Kawabata, M. Wakayama, T. Oharaseki, Y. Yokouchi, K. Takahashi, S. Naoe, T. Ogoshi, S. Iwabuchi, K. Shibuya, and K. Nishimura. 2004. A case of allergic fungal sinusitis caused by Bipolaris spicifera. Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi. 45:239-45.

2215. Taj-Aldeen, S. J., H. I. Al-Ansari, T. Boekhout, and B. Theelen. 2004. Co-isolation of Trichosporon inkin and Candida parapsilosis from a scalp white piedra case. Med Mycol. 42:87-92.

2216. Takano, H., T. Yoshikawa, K. Nishida, Y. Terasawa, M. Fujii, A. Yamaguchi, B. Nishioka, and M. Kondo. 1996. Candida cholecystitis as an unusual complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. Endoscopy. 28:790-1.

2217. Takeda, S., K. Wakabayashi, K. Yamazaki, T. Miyakawa, and H. Arai. 1998. Intracranial fungal aneurysm caused by Candida endocarditis. Clin Neuropathol. 17:199-203.

2218. Talwar, P., and S. C. Sehgal. 1978. Mycotic infections of the eye in Chandigarh and neigbouring areas. Ind J Med Res. 67:929-933.

2219. Tambini, R., C. Farina, R. Fiocchi, B. Dupont, E. Gueho, G. Delvecchio, F. Mamprin, and G. Gavazzeni. 1996. Possible pathogenic role for Sporothrix cyanescens isolated from a lung lesion in a heart transplant patient. J. Med. Vet. Mycol. 34:195-198.

2220. Tan, H. P., A. Razzouk, S. R. Gundry, and L. Bailey. 1999. Pulmonary Rhizopus rhizopodiformis cavitary abscess in a cardiac allograft recipient. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 40:223-6.

2221. Tan, T. Q., A. K. Ogden, J. Tillman, G. J. Demmler, and M. G. Rinaldi. 1992. Paecilomyces lilacinus catheter-related fungemia in an immunocompromised pediatric patient. J. Clin. Microbiol. 30:2479-2483.

2222. Tang, C. 1993. Successful treatment of Candida albicans osteomyelitis with fluconazole. J. Infect. 26:89-92.

2223. Tanure, M. A., E. J. Cohen, S. Sudesh, C. J. Rapuano, and P. R. Laibson. 2000. Spectrum of fungal keratitis at Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Cornea. 19:307-12.

2224. Tapper-Jones, L. M., M. J. Aldred, D. M. Walker, and T. M. Hayes. 1981. Candidal infections and populations of Candida albicans in mouths of diabetics. J. Clin. Pathol. 34:706-711.

2225. Tashjian, L. S., J. S. Abramson, and J. E. Peacock, Jr. 1984. Focal hepatic candidiasis: a distinct clinical variant of candidiasis in immunocompromised patients. Rev Infect Dis. 6:689-703.

2226. Tawara, S., F. Ikeda, K. Maki, Y. Morishita, K. Otomo, N. Teratani, T. Goto, M. Tomishima, H. Ohki, A. Yamada, K. Kawabata, H. Takasugi, K. Sakane, H. Tanaka, F. Matsumo, and S. Kuwahara. 2000. In vitro activities of a new lipopeptide antifungal agent, FK463, against a variety of clinically important fungi. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:57-62.

2227. Tchang, F. K., and G. L. Gilardi. 1973. Osteomyelitis due to Torulopsis inconspicua. Report of a case. Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery – American Volume. 55:1739-43.

2228. Telenti, A., J. M. Steckelberg, L. Stockman, R. S. Edson, and G. D. Roberts. 1991. Quantitative blood cultures in candidemia. Mayo Clin. Proc. 66:1120-1123.

2229. Tenholder, M. F., F. W. Ewald, Jr., N. K. Khankhanian, and J. H. Crosby. 1992. Complex cryptococcal empyema. Chest. 101:586-8.

2230. Terragni, L., A. Lasagni, and A. Oriani. 1991. Pityriasis versicolor of the face. Mycoses. 34:345-7.

2231. Terragni, L., A. Lasagni, A. Oriani, and C. Gelmetti. 1991. Pityriasis versicolor in the pediatric age. Pediatr Dermatol. 8:9-12.

2232. Terrell, C. L., and C. E. Hughes. 1992. Antifungal agents used for deep-seated mycotic infections. Mayo Clin Proc. 67:69-91.

2233. Thaler, M., B. Pastakia, T. H. Shawker, T. O’Leary, and P. A. Pizzo. 1988. Hepatic candidiasis in cancer patients: The evolving picture of the syndrome. Ann. Intern. Med. 108:88-100.

2234. Thomas, F. E., Jr., C. E. Martin, R. D. Fisher, and R. H. Alford. 1977. Candida albicans infection of sternum and costal cartilages: combined operative treatment and drug therapy and 5-fluorocytosine. Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 23:163-6.

2235. Thomas, M. G., and R. B. Ellis-Pegler. 1989. Fluconazole treatment of Candida glabrata peritonitis [letter]. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 24:94-96.

2236. Thompson, A., J. Gibson, D. E. Joshua, B. J. Warwick, and H. Kronenberg. 1988. Hepatosplenic candidiasis and fungal infection. Ann. Intern. Med. 108:768-769.

2237. Thompson, D. F., and J. R. Carter. 1993. Drug-induced gynecomastia. Pharmacotherapy. 13:37-45.

2238. Thorn, J., J. Brisman, and K. Toren. 2001. Adult-onset asthma is associated with self-reported mold or environmental tobacco smoke exposures in the home. Allergy. 56:287-292.

2239. Thron, A., and H. Wietholter. 1982. Cerebral candidiasis: CT studies in a case of brain abscess and granuloma due to Candida albicans. Neuroradiology. 23:223-5.

2240. Tieman, J. M., and B. B. Furner. 1991. Phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exserohilum rostratum mimicking hemorrhagic herpes zoster. J Am Acad Dermatol. 25:852-4.

2241. Tkach, J. R., and M. G. Rinaldi. 1982. Severe hepatitis associated with ketoconazole therapy for chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Cutis. 29:482-4.

2242. Tomimori-Yamashita, J., C. H. Takahashi, O. Fichman, E. B. Costa, N. S. Michalany, and M. M. A. Alchorne. 1998. Lymphangitic sporotrichosis: An uncommon bilateral localization. Mycopathologia. 141:69-71.

2243. Tooley, P. J. 1985. Patient and doctor preferences in the treatment of vaginal candidosis. Practitioner. 229:655-60.

2244. Torre, D., R. Martegani, F. Speranza, C. Zeroli, and G. P. Fiori. 1995. Pulmonary cryptococcosis presenting as pneumothorax in a patient with AIDS. Clin. Infect. Dis. 21:1524-1525.

2245. Torre, I., J. Lopez-Herce, and P. Vazquez. 1996. Anaphylactic reaction to liposomal amphotericin B in children (letter). The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 30:1037-1038.

2246. Torres-Rodriguez, J. M. 1993. New topical antifungal drugs. Arch Med Res. 24:371-375.

2247. Torres-Rodriguez, J. M., N. Madrenys-Brunet, M. Siddat, O. Lopez-Jodra, and T. Jimenez. 1998. Aspergillus versicolor as cause of onychomycosis: report of 12 cases and susceptibility testing to antifungal drugs. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 11:25-31.

2248. Tosti, A., B. M. Piraccini, C. Stinchi, and S. Lorenzi. 1996. Onychomycosis due to Scopulariopsis brevicaulis: clinical features and response to systemic antifungals. Br J Dermatol. 135:799-802.

2249. Tosti, A., B. M. Piraccini, C. Vincenzi, and N. Cameli. 1997. Itraconazole in the treatment of two young brothers with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Pediatr Dermatol. 14:146-8.

2250. Toth, J., M. Bausz, and L. Imre. 1996. Unilateral Malassezia furfur blepharitis after perforating keratoplasty. Br J Ophthalmol. 80:488.

2251. Travassos, L. R., and K. O. Lloyd. 1980. Sporothrix schenckii and related species of Ceratocystis. Microbiol. Rev. 44:683-721.

2252. Travis, W. D., K. J. Kwon-Chung, D. E. Kleiner, A. Geber, W. Lawson, H. I. Pass, and D. Henderson. 1991. Unusual aspects of allergic bronchopulmonary fungal disease: report of two cases due to Curvularia organisms associated with allergic fungal sinusitis. Hum Pathol. 22:1240-8.

2253. Tripi, P. A., S. Modlin, W. G. Sorenson, and D. G. Dearborn. 2000. Acute pulmonary hemorrhage in an infant during induction of general anesthesia. Paediatr Anaesth. 10:92-94.

2254. Trout, D., J. Bernstein, K. Martinez, R. Biagini, and K. Wallingford. 2001. Bioaeresol lung damage in a worker with repeated exposure to fungi in a water-damaged building. Environ Health Perspect. 109:641-644.

2255. Trowbridge, J., L. M. Ludmer, V. D. Riddle, C. S. Levy, and W. F. Barth. 1999. Candida lambica polyarthritis in a patient with chronic alcoholism. J Rheumatol. 26:1846-8.

2256. Truss, C. O. 1984. Metabolic abnormalities in patients with chronic candidiasis: the acetaldehyde hypothesis. J Orthomol Psychiatr. 13:66-93.

2257. Truss, C. O. 1983. The Missing Diagnosis. Birmingham, Ala., Birmingham, Ala.

2258. Truss, C. O. 1980. Restoration of immunologic competence to Candida albicans. J Orthomol Psychiatry. 9:287-301.

2259. Truss, C. O. 1978. Tissue injury induced by Candida albicans: mental and neurologic manifestations. J Orthomol Psychiatry. 7:17-37.

2260. Tschen, E., B. Elewski, D. C. Gorsulowsky, and D. M. Pariser. 1997. Tretment of interdigital tinea pedis with a 4-week-once-daily regimen of butenafine hydrochloride 1%cream. J Am Acad Dermatol. 36 (2 pt 1):S9-S14.

2261. Tseng, S. S., S. Whittier, S. R. Miller, and G. L. Zalar. 1999. Bilateral tinea nigra plantaris and tinea nigra plantaris mimicking melanoma. Cutis. 64:265-8.

2262. Tsuda, M., H. Itoh, K. Wakabayashi, T. Ohkouchi, S. Kato, K. Masuda, and M. Sasaki. 2000. Simeconazole (F-155), a novel systemic fungicide with broad- spectrum activity for seed treatment. BCPC Conference: Pests & Diseases:557-562.

2263. Tumbarello, M., N. Bevilacqua, G. Rederico, G. Morace, R. Cauda, and E. Tacconelli. 1996. Fluconazole-resistant Candida parapsilosis fungemia in a patient with AIDS. Clin. Infect. Dis. 22:179-180.

2264. Tumbarello, M., G. Caldarola, E. Tacconelli, G. Morace, B. Posteraro, R. Cauda, and L. Ortona. 1996. Analysis of the risk factors associated with the emergence of azole resistant oral candidosis in the course of HIV infection. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 38:691-699.

2265. Tunkel, A. R., C. Y. Thomas, and B. Wispelwey. 1993. Candida prosthetic arthritis: report of a case treated with fluconazole and review of the literature. Am. J. Med. 94:100-103.

2266. Tuomi, T., K. Reijula, T. Johnsson, K. Hemminki, E. L. Hintikka, O. Lindroos, S. Kalso, P. Koukila-Kahkola, H. Mussalo-Rauhamaa, and T. Haahtela. 2000. Mycotoxins in crude building materials from water-damaged buildings. Appl Environ Microbiol. 66:1899-1904.

2267. Turner, D. L., S. A. Johnson, and S. A. Rule. 1999. Successful treatment of candidal osteomyelitis with fluconazole following failure with liposomal amphotericin B. J Infection. 38:51-53.

2268. Uchida, K., A. Matsuzaka, K. Aoki, and H. Yamaguchi. 1991. In vitro antifungal activity of itraconazole, a new triazole antifungal agent, against clinical isolates from patients with systemic mycoses. Jpn J Antibiot. 44:562-70.

2269. Ueno, Y. 1977. Trichothecenes: Overview address, p. 189-207. In J. V. Rodricks, D. W. Hesseltine, and M. A. Mehlman (ed.), Mycotoxins in Human and Animal Health. Pathotox Publishers, Park Forest South, Illinois.

2270. Ujhelyi, M. R., R. H. Raasch, C. M. van der Horst, and W. D. Mattern. 1990. Treatment of peritonitis due to Curvularia and Trichosporon with amphotericin B. Rev. Infect. Dis. 12:621-7.

2271. Urbini, B., C. Castellini, R. Rondelli, A. Prete, S. Pierinelli, and A. Pession. 2000. Cryptococcal meningitis during front-line chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica. 85:1103-1104.

2272. Utley, J. R., J. Mills, and B. B. Roe. 1975. The role of valve replacement in the treatment of fungal endocarditis. Journal of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery. 69:255-8.

2273. Utz, J. P., B. S. Tynes, H. J. Shadomy, R. J. Duma, M. M. Kannan, and K. N. Mason. 1968. 5-Fluorocytosine in human cryptococcosis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 8:344-6.

2274. Uys, C. J., P. A. Don, V. Schrire, and C. N. Barnard. 1963. Endocarditis following cardiac surgery due to the fungus Paecilomyces. South African Medical Journal. 21 Dec:1276-1280.

2275. Uzun, O., S. Arikan, S. Kocagoz, B. Sancak, and S. Unal. 2000. Susceptibility testing of voriconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin B against yeast isolates in a Turkish University Hospital and effect of time of reading. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 38:101-107.

2276. Uzun, O., S. Kocagoz, Y. Cetinkaya, S. Arikan, and S. Unal. 1997. In vitro activity of a new echinocandin, LY303366, compared with those of amphotericin B and fluconazole against clinical yeast isolates. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41:1156-1157.

2277. Valainis, G. T., R. A. Sachitano, and G. A. Pankey. 1987. Cholecystitis due to Torulopsis glabrata. J Infect Dis. 156:244-5.

2278. Valdimarsson, H., J. M. Higgs, R. S. Wells, M. Yamamura, J. R. Hobbs, and P. J. Holt. 1973. Immune abnormalities associated with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Cell Immunol. 6:348-61.

2279. Van Burik, J. A., D. Myerson, R. W. Schreckhise, and R. A. Bowden. 1998. Panfungal PCR assay for detection of fungal infection in human blood specimens. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36:1169-1175.

2280. van Burik, J. A. H., R. S. Hare, H. F. Solomon, M. L. Corrado, and D. P. Kontoyiannis. 2006. Posaconazole is effective as salvage therapy in zygomycosis: A retrospective summary of 91 cases. Clin Infect Dis. 42:E61-E65.

2281. Van Cutsem, J. 1983. The antifungal activity of ketoconazole. Am J Med. 74:9-15.

2282. Van Cutsem, J. 1989. The in-vitro antifungal spectrum of itraconazole. Mycoses. 32:7-13.

2283. Van Cutsem, J. 1992. In vitro antifungal spectrum of itraconazole and treatment of systemic mycoses with old and new antimycotic agents. Chemotherapy. 1:3-11.

2284. van den Anker, J. N., N. M. van Popele, and P. J. Sauer. 1995. Antifungal agents in neonatal systemic candidiasis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39:1391-1397.

2285. van der Coer, J. M., H. A. Marres, E. W. Wielinga, and L. S. Wong-Alcala. 1992. Rhinosporidiosis in Europe. J Laryngol Otol. 106:440-3.

2286. Van der horst, C., M. Saag, G. Cloud, R. Hamill, R. Graybill, J. Sobel, P. Johnson, C. Tuazon, T. Kerkering, J. Fisher, H. Henderson, J. Stansell, D. Mildvan, L. Riser, D. Schneider, R. Hafner, C. Thomas, B. Weisninger, B. Moskovitz, NIAID AIDS Clinical Trials Group, and N. M. S. Group. 1995. Part 1. Randomized double blind comparison of amphotericin B plus flucytosine to amphotericin B alone (Step 1) Followed by a comparison of fluconazole to itraconazole (Step 2) in the treatment of acute cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS. 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Abstract No. I216.

2287. Van der Horst, C. M., M. S. Saag, G. A. Cloud, R. J. Hamill, J. R. Graybill, J. D. Sobel, P. C. Johnson, C. U. Tuazon, T. Kerkering, B. L. Moskovitz, W. G. Powderly, W. E. Dismukes, and National Institue of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group AIDS Clinical Trials Group. 1997. Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 337:15-21.

2288. van der Merr, J. W. M., J. J. Keuning, H. W. Scheijgrond, J. Heykants, J. van Cutsem, and J. Brugmans. 1980. The influence of gastric acidity on the bioavailability of ketoconazole. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 6:552-554.

2289. van Deventer, A. J. M., H. J. A. van Vlient, W. C. J. Hop, and W. H. F. Goessens. 1994. Diagnostic value of anti-Candida enolase antibodies. J. Clin. Microbiol. 32:17-23.

2290. van Gool, R. 2001. The cost of treating systemic fungal infections. Drugs. 61:49-56.

2291. Van Kirk, J. E., A. B. Simon, and W. R. Armstrong. 1974. Candida myocarditis causing complete atrioventricular block. JAMA. 227:931-3.

2292. Vanden Bossche, H., F. Dromer, I. Improvisi, M. Lozano-Chiu, J. H. Rex, and D. Sanglard. 1998. Antifungal drug resistance in pathogenic fungi. Med Mycol. 36:119-128.

2293. Vandewoude, K., D. Vogelaers, J. Decruyenaere, P. Jaqmin, K. De Beule, A. Van Peer, R. Woestenborghs, K. Groen, and F. Colardyn. 1997. Concentrations in plasma and safety of 7 days of intravenous itraconazole followed by 2 weeks of oral itraconazole solution in patients in intensive care units. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41:2714-8.

2294. Vargas, J., and M. Recacoechea. 1988. Ketoconazole in the treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis (South American blastomycosis). Experience in 30 cases in Bolivia. Mycoses. 31:187-97.

2295. Vargas, S. L., C. A. Ponce, W. T. Hughes, A. E. Wakefield, J. C. Weitz, S. Donoso, A. V. Ulloa, P. Madrid, S. Gould, J. J. Latorre, R. Avila, S. Benveniste, M. Gallo, J. Belletti, and R. Lopez. 1999. Association of primary Pneumocystis carinii infection and sudden infant death syndrome. Clin Infect Dis. 29:1489-1493.

2296. Vartian, C. V., D. M. Shlaes, A. A. Padhye, and L. Ajello. 1985. Wangiella dermatitidis endocarditis in an intravenous drug user. Am J Med. 78:703-7.

2297. Vartivarian, S. E., E. J. Anaissie, and G. P. Bodey. 1993. Emerging fungal pathogens in immunocompromised patients: classification, diagnosis, and management. Clin. Infect. Dis. 17:S487-91.

2298. Vazquez, J., A. Lamaraca, R. Schwartz, R. Ramirez, L. Smith, R. Pollard, J. Gill, A. Fothergill, L. Ince, J. Wirzman, A. Perez, and J. Felser. 2000. Management of fluconazole-refractory oropharyngeal candidiasis with high-dose terbinafine in patients with AIDS. 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Abstract No.

2299. Vazquez, J. A., M. Lynch, D. Boikov, and J. D. Sobel. 1997. In vitro activity of a new pneumocandin antifungal, L-743,872, against azole-susceptible and -resistant Candida species. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41:1612-1614.

2300. Vazquez, J. A., and J. D. Sobel. 1995. Fungal infections in diabetes. Infectious Diseases Clinics of Nort America. 9:97-116.

2301. Vejlsgaard, R., J. Bodenhoff, H. Friis, and W. Fischer-Rasmussen. 1982. Occurrence of yeasts in urine from pregnant women. Dan Med Bull. 29:209-10.

2302. Velho, G. C., J. M. Cabral, and A. Massa. 1998. African histoplasmosis: therapeutic efficacy of itraconazole. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 10:77-80.

2303. Venditti, M., F. de Bernardis, A. Micozzi, E. Pontieri, P. Chirletti, A. Cassone, and P. Martino. 1992. Fluconazole treatment of catheter-related right-sided endocarditis caused by Candida albicans and associated with endophthalmitis and folliculitis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 14:422-426.

2304. Venditti, M., A. Micozzi, G. Gentile, L. Polonelli, G. Morace, P. Bianco, G. Avvisati, G. Papa, and P. Martino. 1988. Invasive Fusarium solani infections in patients with acute leukemia. Rev. Infect. Dis. 10:653-660.

2305. Venditti, M., B. Posteraro, G. Morace, and P. Martino. 1991. In-vitro comparative activity of fluconazole and other antifungal agents against Blastoschizomyces capitatus. J Chemother. 3:13-5.

2306. Vennewald, I., M. Henker, E. Klemm, and C. Seebacher. 1999. Fungal colonization of the paranasal sinuses. Mycoses. 42:33-36.

2307. Venugopal, P. V., and T. V. Venugopal. 1994. Antidermatophytic activity of allylamine derivatives. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 37:381-8.

2308. Venugopal, P. V., and T. V. Venugopal. 1994. Antifungal activity of allylamine derivatives. Indian J Med Res. 99:71-3.

2309. Venugopal, P. V., and T. V. Venugopal. 1995. Antimycotic susceptibility testing of mould-fungi with allylamines by disk diffusion. Indian J Med Sci. 49:109-13.

2310. Venugopal, P. V., and T. V. Venugopal. 1994. Disk diffusion susceptibility testing of dermatophytes with allylamines. Int. J. Dermatol. 33:730-2.

2311. Venugopal, P. V., and T. V. Venugopal. 1992. Superficial mycoses in Saudi Arabia. Australas J Dermatol. 33:45-8.

2312. Venugopal, P. V., and T. V. Venugopal. 1993. Treatment of eumycetoma with ketoconazole. Australas J Dermatol. 34:27-9.

2313. Venugopal, P. V., T. V. Venugopal, E. S. Ramakrishna, and S. Ilavarasi. 1993. Antimycotic susceptibility testing of agents of black grain eumycetoma. J Med Vet Mycol. 31:161-4.

2314. Vermeer, B. J., and C. C. Staats. 1997. The efficacy of a topical application of terbinafine 1% solution in subjects with pityriasis versicolor: a placebo-controlled study. Dermatology. 194:22-4.

2315. Verweij, P. E., K. Brinkman, H. P. H. Kremer, B. J. Kullberg, and J. Meis. 1999. Aspergillus meningitis: Diagnosis by non-culture-based microbiological methods and management. J Clin Microbiol. 37:1186-1189.

2316. Verweij, P. E., J.-P. Latge, A. J. M. M. Rijs, W. J. G. Melchers, B. E. De Pauw, J. A. A. Hoogkamp-Korstanje, and J. F. G. M. Meis. 1995. Comparison of antigen detection and PCR assay using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for diagnosing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients receiving treatment for hematological malignancies. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:3150-3153.

2317. Verweij, P. E., M. F. Q. van den Berth, P. M. Rath, B. E. de Pauw, A. Voss, and J. Meis. 1999. Invasive aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus ustus: Case report and review. J Clin Microbiol. 37:1606-1609.

2318. Verweij, P. E., A. Voss, J. P. Donnelly, B. E. de Pauw, and J. F. Meis. 1997. Wooden sticks as the source of a pseudoepidemic of infection with Rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis among immunocompromised patients. J Clin Microbiol. 35:2422-3.

2319. Vesper, S. J., D. G. Dearborn, O. Elidemir, and R. A. Haugland. 2000. Quantification of siderophore and hemolysin from Stachybotrys chartarum strains, including a strain isolated from the lung of a child with pulmonary hemorrhage and hemosiderosis. Appl Environ Microbiol. 66:2678-2681.

2320. Vesper, S. J., D. G. Dearborn, I. Yike, W. G. Sorenson, and R. A. Haugland. 1999. Hemolysis, toxicity, and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of Stachybotrys chartarum strains. Appl Environ Microbiol. 65:3175-3181.

2321. Vesper, S. J., M. L. Magnuson, D. G. Dearborn, I. Yike, and R. A. Haugland. 2001. Initial characterization of the hemolysin stachylysin from Stachybotrys chartarum. Infect Immun. 69:912-916.

2322. Vidas, I., K. Temmer, P. Zuzic, and M. Palaversic. 1988. [Candida albicans in leukokeratotic lesions of oral mucosa]. Acta Stomatol Croat. 22:311-7.

2323. Vigouroux, S., O. Morin, P. Moreau, F. Mechinaud, N. Morineau, B. Mahe, P. Chevallier, T. Guillaume, V. Dubruille, J. L. Harousseau, and N. Milpied. 2005. Zygomycosis after prolonged use of voriconazole in immunocompromised patients with hematologic disease: Attention required. Clin Infect Dis. 40:E35-E37.

2324. Vilchez, R. A., P. Linden, J. Lacomis, P. Costello, J. Fung, and S. Kusne. 2001. Acute respiratory failure associated with pulmonary cryptococcosis in non-AIDS patients. Chest. 119:1865-1869.

2325. Villanueva, A., E. G. Arathoon, E. Gotuzzo, R. S. Berman, M. J. DiNubile, and C. A. Sable. 2001. A randomized double-blind study of caspofungin versus amphotericin for the treatment of candidal esophagitis. Clin Infect Dis. 33:1529-1535.

2326. Villanueva, A., E. Gotuzzo, E. Arathoon, L. M. Noriega, N. A. Kartsonis, R. J. Lupinacci, J. M. Smietana, M. J. DiNubile, and C. A. Sable. 2002. A randomized double-blind study of caspofungin versus fluconazole for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis. Am J Med. 113:294-299.

2327. Vindenes, H., and R. Bjerknes. 1995. Microbial colonization of large wounds. Burns. 21:575-9.

2328. Virata, S. R., J. A. Kylstra, J. C. Brown, D. A. Wohl, and M. S. Cohen. 1999. Worsening of endogenous Candida albicans endophthalmitis during therapy with intravenous lipid complex amphotericin B. Clin Infect Dis. 28:1177-1178.

2329. Viscoli, C., E. Castagnola, M. Corsini, R. Gastaldi, M. Soliani, and A. Terragna. 1989. Fluconazole therapy in an underweight infant. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 8:925-6.

2330. Viscoli, C., E. Castagnola, F. Fioredda, B. Ciravegna, G. Barigione, and A. Terragna. 1991. Fluconazole in the treatment of candidiasis in immunocompromised children. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 35:365-7.

2331. Viscoli, C., E. Castagnola, M. T. Van Lint, C. Moroni, A. Garaventa, M. R. Rossi, R. Fanci, F. Menichetti, D. Caselli, M. Giacchino, and M. Congiu. 1996. Fluconazole versus amphotericin B as empirical antifungal therapy of unexplained fever in granulocytopenic cancer patients: a pragmatic, multicentre, prospective and randomised clinical trial. Eur J Cancer. 32A:814-20.

2332. Viscoli, C., C. Girmenia, A. Marinus, L. Collette, P. Martino, B. Vandercam, C. Doyen, B. Lebeau, D. Spence, V. Krcmery, B. De Pauw, and F. Meunier. 1999. Candidemia in cancer patients: A prospective, multicenter surveillance study by the Invasive Fungal Infection Group (IFIG) of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). Clin. Infect. Dis. 28:1071-1079.

2333. Viscoli, C., M. Machetti, P. Gazzola, A. De Maria, D. Paola, M. T. Van Lint, F. Gualandi, and M. Truini. 2002. Aspergillus galactomannan antigen in the cerebrospinal fluid of bone marrow transplant recipients with probable cerebral aspergillosis. J Clin Microbiol. 40:1496-1499.

2334. Visconti, A., M. Solfrizzo, G. Avantaggiato, and A. De Girolamo. 2000. Strategies for detoxification of Fusarium mycotoxins and assessing in vivo the relevant effectiveness. BCPC Conference: Pests & Diseases:721-728.

2335. Visnegarwala, F., E. A. Graviss, C. E. Lacke, A. T. Dural, P. C. Johnson, R. L. Atmar, and R. J. Hamill. 1998. Acute respiratory failure associated with cryptococcosis in patients with AIDS: Analysis of predictive factors. Clin Infect Dis. 27:1231-1237.

2336. Visser, D., L. Monnens, W. Feitz, and B. Semmekrot. 1998. Fungal bezoars as a cause of renal insufficiency in neonates and infants–recommended treatment strategy. Clin Nephrol. 49:198-201.

2337. Viviani, M. A., M. Cogliati, M. C. Esposto, A. Prigitano, and A. M. Tortorano. 2006. Four-year persistence of a single Candida albicans genotype causing bloodstream infections in a surgical ward proven by multilocus sequence typing. J Clin Microbiol. 44:218-221.

2338. Vlchkova-Lashkoska, M., S. Kamberova, A. Starova, L. Goleva-Mishevska, N. Tsatsa-Biljanovska, V. Janevska, and M. Petrovska. 2004. Cutaneous Cryptococcus laurentii infection in a human immunodeficiency virus-negative subject. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 18:99-100.

2339. Vo, N. M., J. C. Russell, and D. R. Becker. 1981. Mycotic emboli of the peripheral vessels: analysis of forty-four cases. Surgery. 90:541-5.

2340. Voice, R. A., S. F. Bradley, J. A. Sangeorzan, and C. A. Kauffman. 1994. Chronic candidal meningitis: An uncommon manifestation of candidiasis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 19:60-66.

2341. Voigt, K., E. Cigelnik, and K. O’Donnell. 1999. Phylogeny and PCR identification of clinically important zygomycetes based on nuclear ribosomal-DNA sequence data. J Clin Microbiol. 37:3957-3964.

2342. Voss, A., and B. E. de Pauw. 1999. High-dose fluconazole therapy in patients with severe fungal infections. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 18:165-174.

2343. Voss, A., R. J. Hollis, M. A. Pfaller, R. P. Wenzel, and B. N. Doebbeling. 1994. Investigation of the sequence of colonization and candidemia in nonneutropenic patients. J. Clin. Microbiol. 32:975-980.

2344. Vukmir, R. B., S. Kusne, P. Linden, W. Pasculle, A. W. Fothergill, J. Sheaffer, J. Nieto, R. Segal, H. Merhav, A. J. Martinez, and et al. 1994. Successful therapy for cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to Dactylaria gallopava in a liver transplant recipient. Clin. Infect. Dis. 19:714-9.

2345. Wadhwani, K., and A. K. Srivastava. 1984. Fungi from otitis media of agricultural field workers. Mycopathologia. 88:155-9.

2346. Waggnoner-Fountain, L. A., M. W. Walker, R. J. Hollis, M. A. Pfaller, J. E. Ferguson, II, R. P. Wenzel, and L. G. Donowitz. 1996. Vertical and horizontal transmission of unique Candida species to premature newborns. Clin. Infect. Dis. 22:803-808.

2347. Wagner, D., A. Sander, H. Bertz, J. Finke, and W. V. Kern. 2005. Breakthrough invasive infection due to Debaryomyces hansenii (teleomorph Candida famata) and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis in a stem cell transplant patient receiving liposomal amphotericin B and caspofungin for suspected aspergillosis. Infection. 33:397-400.

2348. Wainer, S., P. A. Cooper, H. Gouws, and A. Akierman. 1997. Prospective study of fluconazole therapy in systemic neonatal fungal infection. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 16:763-767.

2349. Wakefield, A. E. 1996. DNA sequences identical to Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. carinii and Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis in samples of air spora. J Clin Microbiol. 1996:1754-1759.

2350. Wakefield, A. E., J. R. Stringer, E. Tamburrini, and E. Dei-Cas. 1998. Genetics, metabolism and host specificity of Pneumocystis carinii. Med Mycol. 36:183-193.

2351. Walker, R. L., T. M. Monticello, R. B. Ford, and R. V. English. 1988. Eumycotic mycetoma caused by Pseudallescheria boydii in the abdominal cavity of a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 192:67-70.

2352. Wallace, T. L., V. Paetznick, P. A. Cossum, G. Lopez-Berenstein, J. H. Rex, and E. Anaissie. 1997. Activity of liposomal nystatin against disseminated Aspergillus fumigatus infection in neutropenic mice. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41:2238-2243.

2353. Walsh, M., L. White, K. Atkinson, and A. Enno. 1992. Fungal Pseudoallescheria boydii lung infiltrates unresponsive to amphotericin B in leukaemic patients. Aust N Z J Med. 22:265-8.

2354. Walsh, T., P. O. Whitcomb, S. Ravankar, K. Shannon, S. Alish, and P. A. Pizzo. 1995. Successful treatment of hepatosplenic candidiasis through repeated episodes of neutropenia. Cancer. 76:2357-2362.

2355. Walsh, T. J. 1989. Trichosporonosis. Infect. Dis. Clin. North. Am. 3:43-52.

2356. Walsh, T. J., I. Bekersky, and V. Yeldandi. 1995. Pharmacokinetics of AmBisome in persistently febrile neutropenic patients receiving empirical antifungal therapy. 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Abstract No.

2357. Walsh, T. J., R. W. Finberg, C. Arndt, J. Hiemenz, C. Schwartz, D. Bodensteiner, P. Pappas, N. Seibel, R. N. Greenberg, S. Dummer, M. Schuster, and J. S. Holcenberg. 1999. Liposomal amphotericin B for empirical therapy in patients with persistent fever and neutropenia. N. Engl. J. Med. 340:764-771.

2358. Walsh, T. J., A. Francesconi, M. Kasai, and S. J. Chanock. 1995. PCR and single-strand conformational polymorphism for recognition of medically important opportunistic fungi. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:3216-3220.

2359. Walsh, T. J., C. Gonzalez, E. Roilides, B. u. Mueller, N. Ali, L. L. Lewis, T. O. Whitcomb, D. J. Marshall, and P. A. Pizzo. 1995. Fungemia in children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus: New epidemiologic patterns, emerging pathogens, and improved outcome with antifungal therapy. Clin. Infect. Dis. 20:900-906.

2360. Walsh, T. J., J. W. Hathom, J. D. Sobel, W. G. Merz, M. Maret, H. R. Buckley, M. A. Pfaller, and P. A. Pizzo. 1991. Candida enolase as an immunodiagnostic marker of invasive candidiasis in patients with neoplastic diseases., New Strategies in Fungal Disease, Hertfordshire, ENGLAND.

2361. Walsh, T. J., and G. M. Hutchins. 1980. Postoperative Candida infections of the heart in children: clinicopathologic study of a continuing problem of diagnosis and therapy. J Pediatr Surg. 15:325-31.

2362. Walsh, T. J., G. M. Hutchins, B. H. Bulkley, and G. Mendelsohn. 1980. Fungal infections of the heart: an analysis of 51 autopsied patients. Am. J. Cardiol. 45:357-366.

2363. Walsh, T. J., J. W. Lee, T. Sien, R. Schaufele, J. Bacher, A. C. Switchenko, T. C. Goodman, and P. A. Pizzo. 1994. Serum D-arabinitol measured by automated quantitative enzymatic assay for detection and therapeutic monitoring of experimental disseminated candidiasis: correlation with tissue concentrations of Candida albicans. J. Med. Vet. Mycol. 32:205-215.

2364. Walsh, T. J., G. P. Melcher, J. W. Lee, and P. A. Pizzo. 1993. Infections due to Trichosporon species: new concepts in mycology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Current Topics in Medical Mycology. 5:79-113.

2365. Walsh, T. J., G. P. Melcher, M. G. Rinaldi, J. Lecciones, D. A. McGough, P. Kelly, J. Lee, D. Callender, M. Rubin, and P. A. Pizzo. 1990. Trichosporon beigelii, an emerging pathogen resistant to amphotericin B. J. Clin. Microbiol. 28:1616-1622.

2366. Walsh, T. J., W. G. Merz, J. W. Lee, R. Schaufele, T. Sein, P. O. Whitcomb, M. Ruddel, W. Burns, J. R. Wingard, A. C. Swichenko, T. Goodman, and P. A. Pizzo. 1995. Diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of invasive candidiasis by rapid enzymatic detection of serum D-arabinitol. Am. J. Med. 99:164-172.

2367. Walsh, T. J., V. Petraitis, R. Petraitiene, A. Field-Ridley, D. Sutton, M. Ghannoum, T. Sein, R. Schaufele, J. Peter, J. Bacher, H. Casler, D. Armstrong, A. Espinel-Ingroff, M. G. Rinaldi, and C. A. Lyman. 2003. Experimental pulmonary aspergillosis due to Aspergillus terreus: Pathogenesis and treatment of an emerging fungal pathogen resistant to amphotericin B. J Infec Dis. 188:305-319.

2368. Walsh, T. J., G. Renshaw, J. Andrews, J. Kwon-Chung, R. C. Cunnion, H. I. Pass, J. Taubenberger, W. Wilson, and P. A. Pizzo. 1994. Invasive zygomycosis due to Conidiobolus incongruus. Clin. Infect. Dis. 19:432-430.

2369. Walsh, T. J., M. Rubin, J. Hathorn, J. Gress, M. Thaler, J. Skelton, J. McKnight, M. Browne, D. Marshall, D. Cotton, and et al. 1991. Amphotericin B vs high-dose ketoconazole for empirical antifungal therapy among febrile, granulocytopenic cancer patients. A prospective, randomized study. Arch Intern Med. 151:765-70.

2370. Walsh, T. J., N. L. Seibel, C. Arndt, R. E. Harris, M. J. Dinubile, A. Reboli, J. Hiemenz, and S. J. Chanock. 1999. Amphotericin B lipid complex in pediatric patients with invasive fungal infections. Pediat Inf Dis J. 18:702-708.

2371. Walsh, T. J., N. Seible, and P. A. Pizzo. 1993. Editorial response: Failure of fluconazole treatment in Candida meningitis. J. Pediatr. 123:168-169.

2372. Walsh, T. J., V. Yeldandi, M. McEvoy, C. Gonzalez, S. Chanock, A. Freifeld, N. I. Seibel, P. O. Whitcomb, P. Jarosinski, G. Boswell, I. Bekersky, A. Alak, D. Buell, J. Barret, and W. Wilson. 1998. Safety, tolerance, and pharmacokinetics of a small unilamellar liposomal formulation of amphotericin B (AmBisome) in neutropenic patients. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42:2391-2398.

2373. Walter, J. E., and R. D. Jones. 1968. Serodiagnosis of clinical cryptococcosis. Am Rev Respir Dis. 97:275-82.

2374. Wang, J. P., K. F. Granlund, S. A. Bozzette, M. J. Botte, and J. Fierer. 2000. Bursal sporotrichosis: Case report and review. Clin Infect Dis. 31:615-616.

2375. Ward, J. I., M. Weeks, D. Allen, R. H. Hutcheson, Jr., R. Anderson, D. W. Fraser, L. Kaufman, L. Ajello, and A. Spickard. 1979. Acute histoplasmosis: Clinical epidemiologic and serologic findings of an outbreak associated with exposure to a fallen tree. Am. J. Med. 66:587-595.

2376. Ward, R. M., F. R. Sattler, and A. S. Dalton, Jr. 1983. Assessment of antifungal therapy in an 800-gram infant with candidal arthritis and osteomyelitis. Pediatrics. 72:234-8.

2377. Ware, A. J., C. J. Cockerell, D. J. Skiest, and H. M. Kussman. 1999. Disseminated sporotrichosis with extensive cutaneous involvement in a patient with AIDS. J Amer Acad Dermatol. 40:350-355.

2378. Warnock, D. W., E. M. Johnson, and T. R. F. Rogers. 1998. Multi-centre evaluation of the Etest method for antifungal drug susceptibility testing of Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans. J Antimicrob Chemother. 42:321-331.

2379. Warr, W., J. H. Bates, and A. Stone. 1968. The spectrum of pulmonary cryptococcosis. Ann. Intern. Med. 69:1109-1116.

2380. Warren, G. H., and S. Marsh. 1982. Granulomatous Torulopsis glabrata cholecystitis in a diabetic. Am J Clin Pathol. 78:406-10.

2381. Warshaw, A. L., and G. L. Jin. 1985. Improved survival in 45 patients with pancreatic abscess. Ann. Surg. 202:408-17.

2382. Wasan, K. M. 1997. Diversity of lipid-based polyene formulations and their behavior in biological systems. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 16:81-92.

2383. Wasan, K. M., A. L. Kennedy, S. M. Cassidy, M. Ramaswamy, L. Holtorf, J. W. L. Chou, and P. H. Pritchard. 1998. Pharmacokinetics, distribution in serum lipoproteins and tissues, and renal toxicities of amphotericin B and amphotericin B lipid complex in a hypercholesterolemic rabbit model: Single- dose studies. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42:3146-3152.

2384. Watanakunakorn, C. 1983. Acute pulmonary mycetoma due to Candida albicans with complete resolution. J. Infect. Dis. 6:1131.

2385. Watanakunakorn, C. 1979. Prosthetic valve infective endocarditis. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 22:181-92.

2386. Watters, G. W., and C. A. Milford. 1993. Isolated sphenoid sinusitis due to Pseudallescheria boydii. J Laryngol Otol. 107:344-6.

2387. Waurzyniak, B. J., J. P. Hoover, K. D. Clinkenbeard, and R. D. Welsh. 1992. Dual systemic mycosis caused by Bipolaris spicifera and Torulopsis glabrata in a dog. Veterinary Pathology. 29:566-9.

2388. Webb, B. C., C. J. Thomas, M. D. Willcox, D. W. Harty, and K. W. Knox. 1998. Candida-associated denture stomatitis. Aetiology and management: a review. Part 1. Factors influencing distribution of Candida species in the oral cavity. Aust Dent J. 43:45-50.

2389. Wedde, M., D. Muller, K. Tintelnot, G. S. De Hoog, and U. Stahl. 1998. PCR-based identification of clinically relevant Pseudallescheria/Scedosporium strains. Med Mycol. 36:61-67.

2390. Weems, J. J., Jr. 1992. Candida parapsilosis: Epidemiology, pathogenicity, clinical manifestations, and antimicrobial susceptibility. Clin. Infect. Dis. 14:756-766.

2391. Weers-Pothoff, G., J. F. Havermans, J. Kamphuis, H. A. Sinnige, and J. F. Meis. 1997. Candida tropicalis arthritis in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia successfully treated with fluconazole: case report and review of the literature. Infection. 25:109-111.

2392. Weese-Mayer, D. E., D. W. Fondriest, R. T. Brouillette, and S. T. Shulman. 1987. Risk factors associated with candidemia in the neonatal intensive care unit: a case-control study. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 6:190-6.

2393. Weiss, C. A., III, C. L. Statz, R. A. Dahms, M. J. Remucal, D. L. Dunn, and G. J. Beilman. 1999. Six years of surgical wound infection surveillance at a tertiary care center – Review of the microbiologic and epidemiological aspects of 20 007 wounds. Arch Surg. 134:1041-1048.

2394. Weiss, L. M., and W. A. Thiemke. 1983. Disseminated Aspergillus ustus infection following cardiac surgery. Am J Clin Pathol. 80:408-11.

2395. Weiss, R., P. Raabe, and P. Mayser. 2000. Genus Malassezia: Taxonomic classification and clinical significance in animals and man. Mycoses. 43:69-72.

2396. Weisse, M. E., D. A. Person, and J. T. Berkenbaugh, Jr. 1993. Treatment of Candida arthritis with flucytosine and amphotericin B. Journal of Perinatology. 13:402-4.

2397. Weitzman, I. 1984. The case for Cunninghamella elegans, C. bertholletiae, and C. echinulata as seperate species. Trans Br Mycol Soc. 83:527-8.

2398. Weitzman, I., and E. J. Bottone. 1980. Cutaneous Rhizopus infection: R rhizopodiformis vs R oryzae. Jama. 243:2485.

2399. Weitzman, I., D. A. McGough, M. G. Rinaldi, and P. Della-Latta. 1996. Rhizopus schipperae, sp. nov., a new agent of zygomycosis. Mycotaxon. 69:217-225.

2400. Weitzman, I., and R. C. Summerbell. 1995. The dermatophytes. Clin Microbiol Rev. 8:240-59.

2401. Wells, G. M., A. Gajjar, T. A. Pearson, K. L. Hale, and J. L. Shenep. 1998. Brief report. Pulmonary cryptosporidiosis and Cryptococcus albidus fungemia in a child with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Med Pediatr Oncol. 31:544-6.

2402. Wells, R. S., J. M. Higgs, A. MacDonald, H. Valdimarson, and P. J. L. Holt. 1972. Familial chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Journal of Medical Genetics. 9:302-310.

2403. Welsh, O., M. C. Salinas, and M. A. Rodriguez. 1995. Treatment of eumycetoma and actinomycetoma. Curr Top Med Mycol. 6:47-71.

2404. Welsh, R. D., and R. W. Ely. 1999. Scopulariopsis chartarum systemic mycosis in a dog. J Clin Microbiol. 37:2102-2103.

2405. Welty, F. K., G. X. McLeod, C. Ezratty, R. W. Healy, and A. W. Karchmer. 1992. Pseudallescheria boydii endocarditis of the pulmonic valve in a liver transplant recipient. Clin Infect Dis. 15:858-60.

2406. Wenisch, C., K. F. Linnau, B. Parschalk, K. Zedtwitz-Liebenstein, and A. Georgopoulos. 1996. Rapid susceptibility testing of fungi by flow cytometry using vital staining. J. Clin. Microbiol. 35:5-10.

2407. Wenzel, R. P. 1994. Epidemiology of nosocomial Candida infections. Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract. 3 (Suppl. 2):S56-S59.

2408. West, B. C., A. D. Oberle, and K. J. Kwon-Chung. 1995. Mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus microsporus var. microsporus: cellulitis in the leg of a diabetic patient cured by amputation. J Clin Microbiol. 33:3341-4.

2409. Westerink, M. A., D. Amsterdam, R. J. Petell, M. N. Stram, and M. A. Apicella. 1987. Septicemia due to DF-2. Cause of a false-positive cryptococcal latex agglutination result. Am J Med. 83:155-8.

2410. Wey, S. B., M. Mori, M. A. Pfaller, R. F. Woolson, and R. P. Wenzel. 1988. Hospital acquired candidemia: The attributable mortality and excess length of stay. Arch. Intern. Med. 148:2642-2645.

2411. Wey, S. B., M. Mori, M. A. Pfaller, R. F. Woolson, and R. P. Wenzel. 1989. Risk factors for hospital-acquired candidemia. A matched case-control study. Arch. Intern. Med. 149:2349-2353.

2412. Wheat, J. 1994. Histoplasmosis: recognition and treatment. Clin Infect Dis. 19 Suppl 1:S19-27.

2413. Wheat, J., P. Marichal, H. Vanden Bossche, A. L. Monte, and P. Connolly. 1997. Hypothesis on the mechanisms of resistance to fluconazole in Histoplasma capsulatum. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41:410-414.

2414. Wheat, J., S. MaWhinney, R. Hafner, D. McKinsey, D. Chen, A. Korzun, K. J. Shakan, P. Johnson, R. Hamill, D. Bamberger, P. Pappas, J. Stansell, S. Koletar, K. Squires, R. A. Larsen, T. Cheung, N. Hyslop, K. K. Lai, D. Schneider, C. Kauffman, M. Saag, W. Dismukes, W. Powderly, and National Institute of allergy and Infectious Diseases Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Clinical Trials Group and Myocses Study Group. 1997. Treatment of histoplasmosis with fluconazole in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am. J. Med. 103:223-232.

2415. Wheat, J., G. Sarosi, D. McKinsey, R. Hamill, R. Bradsher, P. Johnson, J. Loyd, and C. Kauffman. 2000. Practice guidelines for the management of patients with histoplasmosis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 30:688-695.

2416. Wheat, L. J., P. Connolly-Stringfield, R. B. Kohler, P. T. Frame, and M. R. Gupta. 1989. Histoplasma capsulatum polysaccharide antigen detection in diagnosis and management of disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am. J. Med. 87:396-400.

2417. Wheat, L. J., P. Connolly-Stringfield, B. Williams, K. Connolly, R. Blair, M. Bartlett, and M. Durkin. 1992. Diagnosis of histoplasmosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome by detection of Histoplasma capsulatum polysaccharide antigen in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 145:1421-1424.

2418. Wheat, L. J., P. A. Connolly-Stringfield, R. L. Baker, M. F. Curfman, M. E. Eads, K. S. Israel, S. A. Norris, D. H. Webb, and M. L. Zeckel. 1990. Disseminated histoplasmosis in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: Clinical findings, diagnosis and treatment, and review of the literature. Medicine. 69:361-374.

2419. Wheat, L. J., R. B. Kohler, R. P. Tewari, M. Garten, and M. L. V. French. 1989. Significance of Histoplasma antigen in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis. Arch. Intern. Med. 149:302-304.

2420. White, A., and M. B. Goetz. 1995. Candida parapsilosis prosthetic joint infection unresponsive to treatment with fluconazole. Clin. Infect. Dis. 20:1068-1069.

2421. White, D. J., E. M. Johnson, and D. W. Warnock. 1993. Management of persistent vulvo vaginal candidosis due to azole-resistant Candida glabrata. Genitourin. Med. 69:112-114.

2422. White, M. H. 1997. Editorial response: The contribution of fluconazole to the changing epidemiology of invasive candidal infections. Clin. Infect. Dis. 24:1129-1130.

2423. White, M. H., R. A. Bowden, E. Sandler, M. L. Graham, G. Noskin, J. R. Wingard, M. Goldman, A. McCabe, J.-S. Lin, M. Gurwith, and C. B. Miller. 1996. Amphotericin B colloidal dispersion vs. amphotericin B in the empiric treatment of febrile neutropenic patients. Blood. 88 (Suppl. 1):302a.

2424. White, M. H., R. A. Bowden, E. S. Sandler, M. L. Graham, G. A. Noskin, J. R. Wingard, M. Goldman, J. A. van Burik, A. McCabe, C. B. Miller, M. Gurwith, and B. Carole. 1998. Randomized, double-blind clinical trial of amphotericin B colloidal dispersion vs. amphotericin B in the empirical treatment of fever and neutropenia. Clin Infect Dis. 27:296-302.

2425. Whittle, D. I., and S. Kominos. 1995. Use of itraconazole for treating subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala jeanselmei. Clin. Infect. Dis. 21:1068.

2426. Whyte, R. K., Z. Hussain, and D. deSa. 1982. Antenatal infections with Candida species. Arch Dis Child. 57:528-535.

2427. Wickline, C. L., T. C. Cornitius, and T. Butler. 1989. Cellulitis caused by Rhizomucor pusillus in a diabetic patient receiving continuous insulin infusion pump therapy. South Med J. 82:1432-1434.

2428. Wieden, M. A., K. K. Steinbronn, A. A. Padhye, L. Ajello, and F. W. Chandler. 1985. Zygomycosis caused by Apophysomyces elegans. J. Clin. Microbiol. 22:522-526.

2429. Wilcox, C. M. 1992. Esophageal disease in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: etiology, diagnosis, and management [see comments]. Am J Med. 92:412-21.

2430. Wilcox, C. M., R. O. Darouiche, L. Laine, B. L. Moskovitz, I. Mallegol, and J. Wu. 1997. A randomized, double-blind comparison of itraconazole oral solution and fluconazole tables in the treatment of esophageal candidiasis. J. Infect. Dis. 176:227-232.

2431. Wilcox, C. M., R. F. Straub, and W. S. Clark. 1995. Prospective evaluation of oropharyngeal findings in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with esophageal ulceration. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 90:1938-1941.

2432. Wildfeuer, A., H. P. Seidl, I. Paule, and A. Haberreiter. 1998. In vitro evaluation of voriconazole against clinical isolates of yeasts, moulds and dermatophytes in comparison with itraconazole, ketoconazole, amphotericin B and griseofulvin. Mycoses. 41:309-319.

2433. Wiley, J. M., N. Smith, B. G. Leventhal, M. L. Graham, L. C. Strauss, C. A. Hurwitz, J. Modlin, D. Mellits, R. Baumgardner, B. J. Corden, and et al. 1990. Invasive fungal disease in pediatric acute leukemia patients with fever and neutropenia during induction chemotherapy: a multivariate analysis of risk factors. J Clin Oncol. 8:280-6.

2434. Wilhelmus, K. R., and N. M. Robinson. 1991. Infectious crystalline keratopathy caused by Candida albicans. Amer. J. Ophthalmol. 112:322-325.

2435. Wilkins, C. K., S. T. Larsen, M. Hammer, O. M. Poulsen, P. Wolkoff, and G. Nielsen. 1998. Respiratory effects in mice exposed to airborne emmissions from Stachybotrys chartarum and implications for risk assessment. Pharmacol Toxicol. 83.

2436. Williams, A. H. 1999. Multicenter study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of varioius doses of liposome-encapsulated Nystatin in nonneutropenic patients with candidemia. 39th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Abstract No.

2437. Williamson, P. R., K. J. Kwon-Chung, and J. I. Gallin. 1992. Successful treatment of Paecilomyces varioti infection in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease and a review of Paecilomyces species infections. Clin. Infect. Dis. 14:1023-1026.

2438. Willsteed, E., and W. Regan. 1987. Treatment of Pseudallescheria boydii infection with oral ketoconazole and topical miconazole. Australas J Dermatol. 28:21-3.

2439. Wilson, C. B. 1986. Immunologic basis for increased susceptibility of the neonate to infection. J Pediatr. 108:1-12.

2440. Wilson, D. E., J. J. Mann, J. E. Bennett, and J. P. Utz. 1967. Clinical features of extracutaneous sporotrichosis. Medicine. 46:265-279.

2441. Wilson, E. 1982. Cerebral abscess caused by Cladosporium bantianum. Case report. Pathology. 14:91-6.

2442. Wilson, M. L., T. E. Davis, S. Mirrett, J. Reynolds, D. Fuller, S. D. Allen, K. K. Flint, F. Koontz, and L. B. Reller. 1993. Controlled comparison of the BACTEC high-blood-volume fungal medium, BACTEC plus 26 aerobic blood culture bottle, and 10-milliliter isolator blood culture system for detection of fungemia and bacteremia. J. Clin. Microbiol. 31:865-871.

2443. Wingard, J. R., P. Kubilis, L. Lee, G. Yee, M. White, L. Walshe, R. Bowden, E. Anaissie, J. Hiemenz, and J. Lister. 1999. Clinical significance of nephrotoxicity in patients treated with amphotericin B for suspected or proven aspergillosis. Clin Infect Dis. 29:1402-1407.

2444. Wingard, J. R., W. G. Merz, M. G. Rinaldi, T. R. Johnson, J. E. Karp, and R. Saral. 1991. Increase in Candida krusei infection among patients with bone marrow transplantation and neutropenia treated prophylactically with fluconazole. N. Engl. J. Med. 325:1274-1277.

2445. Wingard, J. R., W. G. Merz, M. G. Rinaldi, C. B. Miller, J. E. Karp, and R. Saral. 1993. Association of Torulopsis glabrata infections with fluconazole prophylaxis in neutropenic bone marrow transplant patients. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37:1847-1849.

2446. Winquist, E. W., J. Laskey, M. Crump, F. Khamsi, and F. A. Shepherd. 1995. Ketoconazole in the management of paraneoplastic Cushing’s syndrome secondary to ectopic adrenocorticotropin production. J Clin Oncol. 13:157-164.

2447. Winston, D. J., J. W. Hathom, M. G. Schuster, G. J. Schiller, and M. C. Territo. 2000. A multicenter, randomized trial of fluconazole versus amphotericin B for empiric antifungal therapy of febrile neutropenic patients with cancer. Am J Med. 108:282-289.

2448. Wise, G. J., P. Goldberg, and P. J. Kozinn. 1976. Genitourinary candidiasis: Diagnosis and treatment. J. Urol. 116:778-780.

2449. Wise, G. J., S. Wainstein, P. Goldberg, and P. J. Kozinn. 1973. Candidal cystitis. Management by continuous bladder irrigation with amphotericin B. JAMA. 224:1636-7.

2450. Witherspoon, C. D., F. Kuhn, S. D. Owens, M. F. White, and J. A. Kimble. 1990. Endophthalmitis due to Sporothrix schenckii after penetrating ocular injury. Ann. Ophthalmol. 22:385-388.

2451. Witt, M. D., R. J. Lewis, R. A. Larsen, E. N. Milefchik, M. A. E. Leal, R. H. Haubrich, J. A. Richie, J. E. Edwards, Jr., and M. A. Ghannoum. 1996. Identification of patients with acute AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis who can be effectively treated with fluconazole: The role of antifungal susceptibility testing. Clin. Infect. Dis. 22:322-328.

2452. Wolff, M. A., and R. Ramphal. 1995. Use of amphotericin B lipid complex for treatment of disseminated cutaneous Fusarium infection in a neutropenic patient. Clin. Infect. Dis. 20:1568-1569.

2453. Wolff, S. N., J. Fay, D. Stevens, R. H. Herzig, B. Pohlman, B. Bolwell, J. Lynch, S. Ericson, C. O. Freytes, F. LeMaistre, R. Collins, L. Pineiro, J. Greer, R. Stein, S. A. Goodman, and S. Dummer. 2000. Fluconazole vs low-dose amphotericin B for the prevention of fungal infections in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation: a study of the North American Marrow Transplant Group. Bone Marrow Transplant. 25:853-859.

2454. Wong-Beringer, A., R. A. Jacobs, and B. J. Guglielmo. 1998. Lipid formulations of amphotericin B: Clinical efficacy and toxicities. Clin. Infect. Dis. 27:603-618.

2455. Wong-Beringer, A., R. A. Jacobs, and B. J. Guglielmo. 1993. Nosocomial funguria: Resultant morbidity and therapeutic intervention. Clin. Infect. Dis. 17:1066-1067.

2456. Wong, S. S. Y., K. H. Wong, W. T. Hui, S. S. Lee, J. Y. C. Lo, L. Cao, and K. Y. Yuen. 2001. Differences in clinical and laboratory diagnostic characteristics of penicilliosis marneffei in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)- and non-HIV-infected patients. J Clin Microbiol. 39:4535-4540.

2457. Worthington, M., K. O’Donnell, J. G. Sullivan, and K. MacDonnell. 1984. Aortoiliac graft infection and pancreatic abscess due to Candida albicans [letter]. Arch Surg. 119:245.

2458. Wrighton, S. A., and J. C. Stevens. 1992. The human hepatic cytochromes P450 involved in drug metabolism. Crit Rev Toxicol. 22:1-21.

2459. Wunderlich, R. C. 1997. The Candida-Yeast Syndrome. Keats Publishing, Inc, New Canaan, Connecticut.

2460. Wynne, S. M., K. J. Kwon-Chung, Y. R. Shea, A. C. Filie, A. Varma, P. Lupo, and S. M. Holland. 2004. Invasive infection with Trichosporon inkin in 2 siblings with chronic granulomatous disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 114:1418-24.

2461. Xi, L., K. Fukushima, C. Lu, K. Takizawa, R. Liao, and K. Nishimura. 2004. First case of Arthrographis kalrae ethmoid sinusitis and ophthalmitis in the People’s Republic of China. J Clin Microbiol. 42:4828-31.

2462. Xu, J. P., C. M. Boyd, E. Livingston, W. Meyer, J. F. Madden, and T. G. Mitchell. 1999. Species and genotypic diversities and similarities of pathogenic yeasts colonizing women. J Clin Microbiol. 37:3835-3843.

2463. Yadin, O., D. Gradus Ben-Ezer, A. Golan, I. Sober, Y. Barki, and R. Carmi. 1988. Survival of a premature neonate with obstructive anuria due to Candida: The role of early sonographic diagnosis and antimycotic treatment. Eur J Pediatr. 147:653-5.

2464. Yaffee, H. S. 1970. Tinea nigra palmaris resembling malignant melanoma. N Engl J Med. 283:1112.

2465. Yamamura, D. L. R., C. Rotstein, L. E. Nicolle, S. Ioannou, L. Johnston, W. Schlech, III, G. W. Thompson, C. Beliveau, M. Gourdeau, C. A. Tremblay, A. M. Bourgault, G. Noel, G. St Germain, G. Garber, G. Evans, J. Conly, S. Krajden, S. Walmsley, E. Wang, D. Gregson, L. Nicolle, K. Williams, T. Louie, and P. Phillips. 1999. Candidemia at selected Canadian sites: Results from the fungal disease registry, 1992-1994. Can Med Assn J. 160:493-499.

2466. Yamazumi, T., M. A. Pfaller, S. A. Messer, A. Houston, R. J. Hollis, and R. N. Jones. 2000. In vitro activities of ravuconazole (BMS-207147) against 541 clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:2883-2886.

2467. Yarchoan, R., S. F. Davies, J. Fried, and M. L. Mahowald. 1979. Isolated Candida parapsilosis arthritis in a heroin addict. J. Rheumatol. 6:447-450.

2468. Yau, Y. C. W., J. deNanassy, R. C. Summerbell, M. A. G, and S. E. Richardson. 1994. Fungal sternal wound infection due to Curvularia lunata in a neonate with congential heart disease: Case report and review. Clin. Infect. Dis. 19:735-740.

2469. Yen, A., R. C. Knipe, and S. K. Tyring. 1994. Primary cutaneous blastomycosis: report of a case acquired by direct inoculation of a bullous pemphigoid lesion. J Am Acad Dermatol. 31:277-8.

2470. Yeo, E., T. Alvarado, V. Fainstein, and G. P. Bodey. 1985. Prophylaxis of oropharyngeal candidiasis with clotrimazole. J Clin Oncol. 3:1668-71.

2471. Yildiran, S. T., S. Komurcu, M. A. Saracli, A. Gonlum, C. Beyan, H. Gun, and A. Yalcin. 1998. Fusarium fungaemia in severely neutropenic patients. Mycoses. 41:467-469.

2472. Yildiran, S. T., M. A. Saracli, A. W. Fothergill, and M. G. Rinaldi. 2000. In vitro susceptibility of environmental Cryptococcus neoformans variety neoformans isolates from Turkey to six antifungal agents, including Posaconazole and voriconazole. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 19:317-319.

2473. Yoo, S. Y., and M. K. Namkoong. 1995. Acute renal failure caused by fungal bezoar: a late complication of Candida sepsis associated with central catheterization. J Pediatr Surg. 30:1600-2.

2474. Yoshida, K., M. Ando, K. Ito, T. Sakata, K. Arima, S. Araki, and K. Uchida. 1990. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis of a mushroom worker due to Aspergillus glaucus. Arch Environ Health. 45:245-7.

2475. Young, N. A., K. J. Kwon-Chung, and J. Freeman. 1973. Subcutaneous abscess caused by Phoma sp. resembling Pyrenochaeta rameroi. Uniques fungal infection occuring in immunosuppressed recipient of renal allograft. Am J Clin Pathol. 59:810-816.

2476. Young, N. A., K. J. Kwon-Chung, T. T. Kubota, A. E. Jennings, and R. I. Fisher. 1978. Disseminated infection by Fusarium moniliforme during treatment for malignant lymphoma. J Clin Microbiol. 7:589-94.

2477. Younkin, S., C. M. Evarts, and R. T. Steigbigel. 1984. Candida parapsilosis infection of a total hip-joint replacement: successful reimplantation after treatment with amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine. J. Bone Joint Surg. 66A:140-143.

2478. Yu, F. C., W. C. Perng, C. P. Wu, C. Y. Shen, and H. S. Lee. 1993. Adult respiratory distress syndrome caused by pulmonary cryptococcosis in an immunocompetent host: a case report. Chung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (Taipei). 52:120-4.

2479. Yuen, K. Y., W. H. Seto, K. S. Li, and R. Leung. 1990. Trichosporon beigelii peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis [letter]. J. Infect. 20:178-80.

2480. Zaas, A. K., M. Boyce, W. Schell, B. A. Lodge, J. L. Miller, and J. R. Perfect. 2003. Risk of fungemia due to Rhodotorula and antifungal susceptibility testing of Rhodotorula isolates. J Clin Microbiol. 41:5233-5235.

2481. Zager, R. A., J. O’Quigley, B. K. Zager, C. E. Alpers, H. M. Shulman, L. M. Gamelin, P. Stewart, and E. D. Thomas. 1989. Acute renal failure following bone marrow transplantation: a retrospective study of 272 patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 13:210-6.

2482. Zaharopoulos, P., V. J. Schnadig, K. D. Davie, R. E. Boudreau, and V. W. Weedn. 1988. Multiseptate bodies in systemic phaeohyphomycosis diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology. Acta Cytol. 32:885-91.

2483. Zahid, M. A., S. A. Klotz, and D. R. Hinthorn. 1994. Medical treatment of recurrent candidemia in a patient with probable Candida parapsilosis prosthetic valve endocarditis. Chest. 105:1597-8.

2484. Zaias, N. 1989. Pityriasis versicolor with ketoconazole. J Am Acad Dermatol. 20:703-5.

2485. Zaias, N., B. Glick, and G. Rebell. 1996. Diagnosing and treating onychomycosis [see comments]. J Fam Pract. 42:513-8.

2486. Zander, D. S., M. J. Cicale, and P. Mergo. 2000. Durable cure of mucormycosis involving allograft and native lungs. J Heart Lung Transplant. 19:615-618.

2487. Zapater, R. C., A. De Arrechea, and V. H. Guevara. 1972. Kertomycosis due to Fusarium dimerum. Sabouraudia. 10:274-5.

2488. Zaror, L., O. Fischman, C. A. Pereira, R. G. Felipe, L. C. Gregorio, and A. Castelo. 1987. A case of primary nasal chromoblastomycosis. Mykosen. 30:468-471.

2489. Zaruba, K., J. Peters, and H. Jungbluth. 1991. Successful prophylaxis for fungal peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: Six years experience. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 17:43-46.

2490. Zavasky, D. M., W. Samowitz, T. Loftus, H. Segal, and K. Carroll. 1999. Gastrointestinal zygomycotic infection caused by Basidiobolus ranarum: Case report and review. Clin Infect Dis. 28:1244-1248.

2491. Zenker, P. N., E. M. Rosenberg, R. B. Van Dyke, G. P. Rabalais, and R. S. Daum. 1991. Successful medical treatment of presumed Candida endocarditis in critically ill infants. J. Pediatr. 119:472-477.

2492. Zhanel, G. G., J. A. Karlowsky, G. A. J. Harding, T. V. Balko, S. A. Zelenitsky, M. Friesen, A. Kabani, M. Turik, and D. J. Hoban. 1997. In vitro activity of a new semisynthetic echinocandin, LY-303366, against systemic isolates of Candida species, Cryptococcus neoformans, Blastomyces dermatitidis, and Aspergillus species. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41:863-865.

2493. Zheng, R.-y., and C.-q. Chen. 1993. Another non-thermophilic Rhizomucor causing human primary cutaneous mucormycosis. Mycosystema. 6:1-12.

2494. Zheng, R.-y., and C.-q. Chen. 1991. A non-thermophilic Rhizomucor causing human primary cutaneous mucormycosis. Mycosystema. 4:45-57.

2495. Zhou, H. H., M. Goldman, J. Wu, R. Woestenborghs, A. E. Hassell, P. Lee, A. Baruch, L. Pesco-Koplowitz, J. Borum, and L. J. Wheat. 1998. A pharmacokinetic study of intravenous itraconazole followed by oral administration of itraconazole capsules in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Clin Pharmacol. 38:593-602.

2496. Zhu, D. X., Z. C. Hua, X. F. Liang, X. K. Zhang, Y. Ding, J. Q. Zhu, and K. K. Han. 1993. Purification and characterization of the biologically active human truncated macrophage colony-stimulating factor expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biological Chemistry Hoppe-Seyler. 374:903-8.

2497. Ziemer, E. L., D. Pappagianis, J. E. Madigan, R. A. Mansmann, and K. D. Hoffman. 1992. Coccidioidomycosis in horses: 15 cases (1975-1984). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 201:910-6.

2498. Zimmermann, C. R., S. M. Johnson, G. W. Martens, A. G. White, B. L. Zimmer, and D. Pappagianis. 1998. Protection against lethal murine coccidioidomycosis by a soluble vaccine from spherules. Infec Immunity. 66:2342-2345.

2499. Zingman, B. S. 1996. Resolution of refractory AIDS-related mucosal candidiasis after initation of didanosine plus saquinavir. N. Engl. J. Med. 334:1674-1675.