Terbinafine

Drugs

Manufacturer’s Prescribing Information Trade & Generic Names & General Features Terbinafine is an allylamine structurally related to naftifine. It is a synthetic antifungal agent. It is highly lipophilic in nature and tends to accumulate in skin, nails, and fatty tissues [656, 1934]. Terbinafine has oral and topical (cream) formulations. Oral preparation has been first introduced in 1991 in United Kingdom and approved for clinical use in 1996 in USA [950, 1014]. It is being manufactured by Novartis Pharmaceuticals. Its trade name is Lamisil. Mechanism(s) of Action As with the other allylamines, terbinafine inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis via inhibition of squalene epoxidase. […]

Taxonomy and Nomenclature

Nomenclature & Taxonomy Notes NOTICE- aspects of this page is “under construction” to update nomenclature based on current scientific findings. You will separately find our index to fungal names, fungal synonyms, and teleomorph-anamorph relationships. Providing an organizational scheme for the world of the fungi is a complex challenge. If all things were known about the fungi, it would be easy! But, this is not the case. Any naming scheme must deal with the multiple growth forms of many fungi, and the fact that some organisms have been incorrectly considered to be fungi. The history of the names of the fungi […]

Taxomyces

Synonyms

Synonym and Classification Data for Taxomyces spp. This genus is a mould that lacks a known sexual state and thus belongs to the Fungi Imperfecti. Species in this genus Taxomyces andreanae Notes: T. andreanae is an endophytic fungus isolated from the inner bark of the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia. This fungus is able to produce paclitaxel (Taxol™) and related compounds.

Talaromyces

Synonyms

Synonym and Classification Data for Talaromyces spp. This genus is an ascomycetous mould. Synonyms and Teleomorph-Anamorph Relationships This genus is a teleomorph of Paecilomyces

Taeniolella

Synonyms

Synonym and Classification Data for Taeniolella spp. This genus is a mould that lacks a known sexual state and thus belongs to the Fungi Imperfecti. It is generally classified as a dematiaceous (dark-walled) fungus. Species in this genus Taeniolella boppii (obsolete) This obsolete species is a synonym of Cladophialophora boppii Taeniolella stilbospora

Peyronellaea

Synonyms

Synonym and Classification Data for Peyronellaea spp. This genus name is obsolete. This genus is a mould that lacks a known sexual state and thus belongs to the Fungi Imperfecti. It is generally classified as a dematiaceous (dark-walled) fungus. Synonyms and Teleomorph-Anamorph Relationships This obsolete genus is a synonym of Phoma

Petriellidium

Synonyms

Synonym and Classification Data for Petriellidium spp. This genus name is obsolete. This genus is a mould that lacks a known sexual state and thus belongs to the Fungi Imperfecti. Synonyms and Teleomorph-Anamorph Relationships This obsolete genus is a synonym of Pseudallescheria Species in this genus Petriellidium boydii (obsolete) This obsolete species is a synonym of Pseudallescheria boydii

Petriella

Synonyms

Synonym and Classification Data for Petriella spp. This genus is an ascomycetous mould. Species in this genus Petriella setifera This species is a teleomorph of Graphium putredinis This species is a teleomorph of Scedosporium species

Pestalotiopsis

Synonyms

Synonym and Classification Data for Pestalotiopsis spp. This genus is a mould that lacks a known sexual state and thus belongs to the Fungi Imperfecti.

Papulaspora

Synonyms

Synonym and Classification Data for Papulaspora spp. This genus is a mould that lacks a known sexual state and thus belongs to the Fungi Imperfecti. Species in this genus Papulaspora equi

Pachybasium

Synonyms

Synonym and Classification Data for Pachybasium spp. This genus name is obsolete. This genus is a mould that lacks a known sexual state and thus belongs to the Fungi Imperfecti. Synonyms and Teleomorph-Anamorph Relationships This obsolete genus is a synonym of Trichoderma

Nocardiopsis

Synonyms

Synonym and Classification Data for Nocardiopsis spp. This genus is not a fungus, but is listed here because of its historical relationship(s) with medical mycology. See also the detailed description page for this genus. Notes on this Genus This is an aerobic actinomycete bacterium that causes mycetoma.

Nocardia

Synonyms

Synonym and Classification Data for Nocardia spp. This genus is not a fungus, but is listed here because of its historical relationship(s) with medical mycology. See also the detailed description page for this genus. Notes on this Genus This is an aerobic actinomycete bacterium that causes mycetoma.

Lycoperdon

Synonyms

Synonym and Classification Data for Lycoperdon spp. This genus is a basidiomycetous puffball. Notes on this Genus Lycoperdon is a genus that contains puffballs. The puffballs releases a cloud of spores (basidiospores) when squeezed, thus perhaps contributing to the etymology of the genus name: Lyco = wolf and perd (from the French ‘pet’) = intestinal gas. The spores are used in folk medicine for their hemostatic (anti-bleeding) effect. When used for epistaxis (nosebleed), inhalation into the lungs may cause an acute but apparently self-limited pneumonitis. See Strand RD et al. Lycoperdonosis. N Engl J Med 1967;277:89-91 and Henriksen NT. Lycoperdonosis. […]

Eurotium

Synonyms

Synonym and Classification Data for Eurotium spp. This genus is an ascomycetous mould. Species in this genus Eurotium amstelodami Eurotium chevalieri Eurotium herbariorum Eurotium repens

Eremomyces

Synonyms

Synonym and Classification Data for Eremomyces spp. This genus is an ascomycetous mould. Species in this genus Eremomyces langeronii This species is a teleomorph of Arthrographis kalrae Pithoascus langeronii is a synonym of this species.

Cunninghamella

Synonyms

Synonym and Classification Data for Cunninghamella spp. This genus is a zygomecetous mould. See also the detailed description page for this genus. Species in this genus Cunninghamella bertholletiae Cunninghamella echinulata Cunninghamella elegans

Claviceps

Synonyms

Synonym and Classification Data for Claviceps spp. This genus is an ascomycetous mould. Species in this genus Claviceps purpurea Notes: Infection of rye with this species cause production of the toxic alkaloid known as ergot. Ingestion results in ergotism.

Botrytis

Synonyms

Synonym and Classification Data for Botrytis spp. This genus is a mould that lacks a known sexual state and thus belongs to the Fungi Imperfecti. See also the detailed description page for this genus.

Beauveria

Synonyms

Synonym and Classification Data for Beauveria spp. This genus is a mould that lacks a known sexual state and thus belongs to the Fungi Imperfecti. See also the detailed description page for this genus. Species in this genus Beauveria bassiana

Basidiobolus

Synonyms

Synonym and Classification Data for Basidiobolus spp. This genus is a zygomecetous mould. See also the detailed description page for this genus. Species in this genus Basidiobolus haptosporus (obsolete) This obsolete species is a synonym of B. ranarum Basidiobolus heterosporus (obsolete) This obsolete species is a synonym of B. ranarum Basidiobolus meristosporus (obsolete) This obsolete species is a synonym of B. ranarum Basidiobolus ranarum B. haptosporus is an obsolete synonym of this species. B. heterosporus is an obsolete synonym of this species. B. meristosporus is an obsolete synonym of this species.

Ascoidea

Synonyms

Synonym and Classification Data for Ascoidea spp. This genus is an ascomycetous yeast. Species in this genus Ascoidea africana Ascoidea corymbosa Ascoidea hylecoeti Ascoidea rubescens

Armillaria

Synonyms

Synonym and Classification Data for Armillaria spp. This genus is a basidiomycetous other. Notes on this Genus Members of (E):this genus do not cause disease of people or animals. Rather, they can product a serious form of root rot in plants. Species in this genus Armillaria ostoyae Notes: In eastern Oregon’s Malheur National Forest, an example of this mushroom has been documented to be 3.5 miles across and have an average depth of 3 feet. It is thought to be the (E):world’s largest living organism.

Apophysomyces

Synonyms

Synonym and Classification Data for Apophysomyces spp. This genus is a zygomecetous mould. See also the detailed description page for this genus. Species in this genus Apophysomyces elegans

Ambrosiozyma

Synonyms

Synonym and Classification Data for Ambrosiozyma spp. This genus is an ascomycetous yeast. Species in this genus Ambrosiozyma ambrosiae Ambrosiozyma cicatricosa Ambrosiozyma monospora Ambrosiozyma philentoma Ambrosiozyma playtpodis

Syncephalastrum

Synonyms

Synonym and Classification Data for Syncephalastrum spp. This genus is a zygomecetous mould. See also the detailed description page for this genus. Species in this genus Syncephalastrum elegans (obsolete) This obsolete species is a synonym of S. racemosum Syncephalastrum javanicum (obsolete) This obsolete species is a synonym of S. racemosum Syncephalastrum nigricans (obsolete) This obsolete species is a synonym of S. racemosum Syncephalastrum racemosum S. elegans is an obsolete synonym of this species. S. javanicum is an obsolete synonym of this species. S. nigricans is an obsolete synonym of this species. S. verruculosum is an obsolete synonym of this species. […]

Syncephalastrum Species

Fungi Descriptions

described by Schröder in 1886 Taxonomic classification Kingdom: Fungi Phylum: Zygomycota Class: Zygomycetes Order: Mucorales Family: Syncephalastraceae Genus: Syncephalastrum Description and Natural Habitats Syncephalastrum is a filamentous fungus that is commonly isolated from soil and animal feces particularly in tropical and subtropical areas. It is a heterothallic fungus and requires a mating strain to produce zygospores. Syncephalastrum is commonly considered as a contaminant. It is very rarely associated with human disease. Species The genus Syncephalastrum contains a single species; Syncephalastrum racemosum. See the summary of synonyms and obselete names for the Syncephalastrum spp. Pathogenicity and Clinical Significance Syncephalastrum is a […]

Sydowia

Synonyms

Synonym and Classification Data for Sydowia spp. This genus is an ascomycetous mould. Species in this genus Sydowia polyspora This species is a teleomorph of Aureobasidium pullulans This species is a teleomorph of Hormonema dematioides

Susceptibility Patterns

Drugs, The Laboratory

Antifungal Susceptibility Testing is estimating the activity of a drug against a fungus by combining the two under controlled conditions in the laboratory. While imperfect, this process can yield useful estimates of whether or not a given drug is likely to work for a given infection. We provide susceptibility data in two ways. First, there are some tables that provide quick summaries of the broad susceptibility patterns of fungi against currently licensed agents. Second, we offer a searchable database that provides detailed data from published reports on the susceptibility of the fungi to various agents. For licensed agents, tell me […]

Susceptibility

The Laboratory

In its most general terms, susceptibility testing refers to the idea of mixing the fungus with a drug and seeing what happens. In general, we are interested in determining a minimal concentration of drug that appears likely to inhibit (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC, µg/ml) or kill (minimum fungicidal concentration, MFC, µg/ml) the fungus. If this level is low enough, then the drug may work against an infection. The approach to testing is different for yeasts and moulds. If you simply want to look at some susceptibility results, please see our searchable N/A(L):susceptibility database or review our summaries of usual susceptibility […]